The Supreme Court sdecisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for howmedicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering。 　　Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right tophysician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principleof double effect , a centuries-old moral principle holding that anaction having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissibleif the actor intends only the good effect。 　　Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify usinghigh doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even thoughincreasing dosages will eventually kill the patient。 　　Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends thatthe principle will shield doctors who until now have very, very stronglyinsisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to controltheir pain if that might hasten death. 　　George Annas, chair of the health law department at BostonUniversity, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for alegitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if thepatient uses the drug to hasten death. It s like surgery, he says. We don t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn t intend tokill their patients, although they risked their death. If you re a physician,you can risk your patient s suicide as long as you don t intend theirsuicide. 　　On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge thatthe assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patientsfor whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。 　　Just three weeks before the Court s ruling on physician-assistedsuicide, the National Academy of Science released a two-volume report,Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies theundertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medicalprocedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as thetwin problems of end-of-life care。 　　The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train inhospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to developa Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standardsfor assessing and treating pain at the end of life。 　　Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that thesewell-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. Largenumbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients areneedlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent thatit constitutes systematic patient abuse。 He says medicallicensing boards must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively onesthat are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension。 　　36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that 　　[A]doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain。 　　[B]it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end theirlives。 　　[C]the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide。 　　[D]patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide。 　　37. Which of the following statements its true according to thetext? 　　[A]Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death。 　　[B]Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painlessrecovery。 　　[C]The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication canbe prescribed。 　　[D]A doctor s medication is no longer justified by his intentions。 　　38. According to the NAS s report, one of the problems inend-of-life care is 　　[A]prolonged medical procedures。 　　[B]inadequate treatment of pain。 　　[C]systematic drug abuse。 　　[D]insufficient hospital care。 　　39. Which of the following best defines the word aggressive ? 　　[A]Bold. 　　[B]Harmful. 　　[C]Careless. 　　[D]Desperate。 　　40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should bepunished if they 　　[A]manage their patients incompetently。 　　[B]give patients more medicine than needed。 　　[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients。 　　[D]prolong the needless suffering of the patients。 　　名師解析 　　36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that 從前三段我們得知 　　[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain。 　　醫(yī)生過(guò)去常常增加藥物劑量來(lái)控制病人的病痛。 　　[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end theirlives。 　　醫(yī)生幫助病危者結(jié)束生命仍然是違法的。 　　[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide。 　　最高法院強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)醫(yī)助自殺。 　　[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide。 　　病人沒(méi)有憲法賦予的自殺權(quán)利。 　　【答案】 B 　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】 本題針對(duì)第一到第三段的所有內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，選項(xiàng)[A]的相關(guān)信息可以定位到第三段，但是文中說(shuō)近幾年醫(yī)生才用這個(gè)原則為自己的行為辯護(hù)。文中無(wú)法得出過(guò)去常常的說(shuō)法。選項(xiàng)[B]可以定位到第二段，文中提到憲法沒(méi)有賦予這樣的權(quán)利。所以可以說(shuō)，本答案是正確的。選項(xiàng)[C]可以定位到第二段，但是法院是支持這樣的做法的。至于[D]，顯然是錯(cuò)的。 　　37. Which of the following statements is true according to thetext? 　　根據(jù)文章，下面哪一個(gè)說(shuō)法是正確的? 　　[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death。 　　如果醫(yī)生冒病人生命的危險(xiǎn)，他們將被判有罪。 　　[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients inpainless recovery。 　　現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)已經(jīng)幫助晚期病人進(jìn)行無(wú)痛康復(fù)。 　　[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication canbe prescribed。 　　法院判決，醫(yī)生可以開(kāi)大劑量的鎮(zhèn)疼藥。 　　[D] A doctor s medication is no longer justified by his intentions。 　　醫(yī)生用藥是否合法不再取決于他的意圖。 　　【答案】 C 　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】 由于本題屬于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)判斷題，所以只有對(duì)每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都進(jìn)行辨析。選項(xiàng)[A]可以定位到第五段Annas的話(huà)。話(huà)中提到只要醫(yī)生不是想殺死病人，那么他們的死亡就不能被稱(chēng)為謀殺。因此可以判定[A]不正確。[B]說(shuō)病危者的無(wú)痛康復(fù)，在文中沒(méi)有提到康復(fù)問(wèn)題。[C]可以從第二段中找到，高等法院認(rèn)為只要醫(yī)生是出于好意，則可以去做。因此可以得出[C]是正確的。[D]錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)槭聦?shí)上，醫(yī)生的意圖在對(duì)于行為是否合法上面是非常重要的。 　　38. According to the NASs report, one of theproblems in end-of-life care is 　　根據(jù)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的報(bào)告，臨終護(hù)理存在的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是 　　[A]prolonged medical procedures. 延長(zhǎng)了的醫(yī)療過(guò)程。 　　[B]inadequate treatment of pain. 對(duì)病痛處理不力。 　　[C]systematic drug abuse. 一貫的藥物濫用。 　　[D]insufficient hospital care. 醫(yī)院護(hù)理不力。 　　【答案】 B 　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】 本題可以定位到第七段的第二句話(huà)中的the undertreatment of pain以及the aggressiveuse ofineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and evendishonor the period of dying。一個(gè)是對(duì)病人的疼痛治療不力。另外一個(gè)是強(qiáng)行使用無(wú)效的治療方法延長(zhǎng)生命，使得病人的晚期失去尊嚴(yán)。因此，這里的答案應(yīng)該是[C]。 　　39. Which of the following best defines the wordaggressive? 　　以下哪一個(gè)單詞最好的解釋了單詞aggressive的意思? 　　[A]Bold. 大膽的。 　　[B]Harmful. 有害的。 　　[C]Careless. 粗心的。 　　[D]Desperate. 絕望的。 　　【答案】 A 　　【考點(diǎn)】 詞義題。 　　【分析】 這個(gè)單詞的所在句Itidentifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectualand forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period ofdyingas the twin problems of end-of-life care。中，說(shuō)的是對(duì)病痛處理不力和大膽使用無(wú)效而強(qiáng)制性的醫(yī)療程序，這些程序可能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)死亡期，甚至?xí)屗劳銎陔y堪。對(duì)這種醫(yī)療程序的使用必須是aggressive的，是一般的方法不會(huì)用的。所以這個(gè)單詞的意思就是bold。 　　40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should bepunished if they 　　喬治安納斯可能認(rèn)為醫(yī)生應(yīng)該受到懲罰，如果他們 　　[A]manage their patients incompetently. 不勝任地治療病人。 　　[B]give patients more medicine than needed. 給病人的藥物超量。 　　[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients. 為病人減藥。 　　[D]prolong the needless suffering of the patients。延長(zhǎng)病人不必要的痛苦。 　　【答案】 D 　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】 本題的答題依據(jù)是文章的最后一段。在這一段中，Annas對(duì)大量的醫(yī)生置病人的痛苦于不顧，無(wú)端地延長(zhǎng)病人不必要的痛苦這種行為提出了批評(píng)，認(rèn)為這種行為構(gòu)成了虐待病人，并認(rèn)為這樣的醫(yī)生應(yīng)該予以吊銷(xiāo)行醫(yī)執(zhí)照。因此可以判斷[D]選項(xiàng)是正確的。 　　難句解析： 　　1. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right tophysician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principleof double effect， a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having twoeffectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenispermissible if the actor intends only the good effect。 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是although引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句后面加一個(gè)主句。although從句中有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。本句的主句是the court supported the medical principle ofdoubleeffect，后面是一個(gè)對(duì)double effect進(jìn)行說(shuō)明的同位語(yǔ)。 　　2. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends thatthe principle will shield doctors whountil now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediationto control their pain if that might hasten death。 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主語(yǔ)是Nancy Dubler，后面有一個(gè)修飾它的同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是contends，后面有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，其中從句的賓語(yǔ)又有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，而且從句中有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)狀語(yǔ)從句。 　　3. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge thatthe assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patientsfor whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】該句的主句是many acknowledge ，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying來(lái)修飾前面的patients。 　　全文翻譯： 　　最高法庭關(guān)于醫(yī)助自殺的裁決，對(duì)于醫(yī)學(xué)界如何尋求減輕病危者的痛苦和折磨這個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)說(shuō)，具有重要的意義。 　　盡管裁決認(rèn)為，憲法沒(méi)有賦予醫(yī)生幫助病人自殺的權(quán)利，然而最高法庭實(shí)際上卻認(rèn)可了醫(yī)療界的雙效原則，這個(gè)存在了好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的道德原則認(rèn)為，如果某種行為具有雙重效果希望達(dá)到的好效果和可以預(yù)見(jiàn)得到的壞效果如果行為人只是想達(dá)到好的效果，這個(gè)行為就是可以被允許的。 　　盡管不斷增加的劑量最終會(huì)殺死病人，近年來(lái)，醫(yī)生們一直在借用這項(xiàng)原則，為自己替病危患者注射大劑量的嗎啡鎮(zhèn)痛的做法提供辯護(hù)。 　　蒙特非奧里醫(yī)療中心主任南希都博勒認(rèn)為，這項(xiàng)原則將會(huì)保護(hù)部分醫(yī)生，因?yàn)檫@些醫(yī)生直到現(xiàn)在都一直堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，如果給病人大量的藥品可能加速病人的死亡的話(huà)，他們就無(wú)法給病人足夠的藥來(lái)控制他們的疼痛。 　　波士頓大學(xué)健康法律系主任喬治安納斯堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，只要醫(yī)生是出于合理的醫(yī)療目的開(kāi)藥，那么即使服用此藥會(huì)加速病人的死亡，醫(yī)生的行為也沒(méi)有違法。這就像做手術(shù)，他說(shuō)，我們不能稱(chēng)那些死亡為謀殺是因?yàn)獒t(yī)生并沒(méi)有想殺死病人，盡管他們敢冒病人死亡的危險(xiǎn)。假定你是一名醫(yī)生，只要你并沒(méi)有想讓病人自殺，你就可以去冒你的病人自殺的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 　　另一層面上，許多醫(yī)療界人士承認(rèn)，致使醫(yī)助自殺這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論升溫的部分原因是由于病人們的絕望情緒，對(duì)這些病人來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長(zhǎng)了臨終前肉體的痛苦。 　　就在最高法庭對(duì)醫(yī)助自殺進(jìn)行裁決的前三周，全國(guó)科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)公布了一份長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩卷的報(bào)告《臨近死亡：完善臨終護(hù)理》。報(bào)告指出了醫(yī)院臨終關(guān)懷護(hù)理中存在的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：對(duì)病痛處理不力和大膽使用無(wú)效而強(qiáng)制性的醫(yī)療程序，這些程序可能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)死亡期，甚至?xí)尣∪嗽谒劳銎谥凶饑?yán)受到傷害。 　　醫(yī)療行業(yè)正在采取行動(dòng)，使得年輕醫(yī)生去晚期病人休養(yǎng)所培訓(xùn)，對(duì)各種大膽的鎮(zhèn)痛療法方面的知識(shí)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，為醫(yī)院護(hù)理制定一份符合美國(guó)醫(yī)療保障方案的付款條例，以及為評(píng)估和治療臨終痛苦制定新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 　　安納斯說(shuō)，律師可以在要求把醫(yī)療界的這些善意的行為變成更好的護(hù)理行動(dòng)方面發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。不少醫(yī)生對(duì)病人所遭受的毫無(wú)必要的，可預(yù)見(jiàn)的痛苦無(wú)動(dòng)于衷，乃至于已構(gòu)成蓄意虐待病人。他說(shuō)，行醫(yī)資格理事會(huì)必須明確表明病人痛苦地死亡，可以推定，是醫(yī)生管理死亡病人不能勝任的表現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該據(jù)此吊銷(xiāo)其營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照。

　　The Supreme Court sdecisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for howmedicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering。 　　Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right tophysician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principleof double effect , a centuries-old moral principle holding that anaction having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissibleif the actor intends only the good effect。 　　Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify usinghigh doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even thoughincreasing dosages will eventually kill the patient。 　　Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends thatthe principle will shield doctors who until now have very, very stronglyinsisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to controltheir pain if that might hasten death. 　　George Annas, chair of the health law department at BostonUniversity, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for alegitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if thepatient uses the drug to hasten death. It s like surgery, he says. We don t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn t intend tokill their patients, although they risked their death. If you re a physician,you can risk your patient s suicide as long as you don t intend theirsuicide. 　　On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge thatthe assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patientsfor whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。 　　Just three weeks before the Court s ruling on physician-assistedsuicide, the National Academy of Science released a two-volume report,Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies theundertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medicalprocedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as thetwin problems of end-of-life care。 　　The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train inhospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to developa Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standardsfor assessing and treating pain at the end of life。 　　Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that thesewell-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. Largenumbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients areneedlessly and predictably suffering, to the extent thatit constitutes systematic patient abuse。 He says medicallicensing boards must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively onesthat are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension。 　　36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that 　　[A]doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain。 　　[B]it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end theirlives。 　　[C]the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide。 　　[D]patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide。 　　37. Which of the following statements its true according to thetext? 　　[A]Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death。 　　[B]Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painlessrecovery。 　　[C]The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication canbe prescribed。 　　[D]A doctor s medication is no longer justified by his intentions。 　　38. According to the NAS s report, one of the problems inend-of-life care is 　　[A]prolonged medical procedures。 　　[B]inadequate treatment of pain。 　　[C]systematic drug abuse。 　　[D]insufficient hospital care。 　　39. Which of the following best defines the word aggressive ? 　　[A]Bold. 　　[B]Harmful. 　　[C]Careless. 　　[D]Desperate。 　　40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should bepunished if they 　　[A]manage their patients incompetently。 　　[B]give patients more medicine than needed。 　　[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients。 　　[D]prolong the needless suffering of the patients。 　　名師解析 　　36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that 從前三段我們得知 　　[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients pain。 　　醫(yī)生過(guò)去常常增加藥物劑量來(lái)控制病人的病痛。 　　[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end theirlives。 　　醫(yī)生幫助病危者結(jié)束生命仍然是違法的。 　　[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide。 　　最高法院強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)醫(yī)助自殺。 　　[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide。 　　病人沒(méi)有憲法賦予的自殺權(quán)利。 　　【答案】 B 　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】 本題針對(duì)第一到第三段的所有內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，選項(xiàng)[A]的相關(guān)信息可以定位到第三段，但是文中說(shuō)近幾年醫(yī)生才用這個(gè)原則為自己的行為辯護(hù)。文中無(wú)法得出過(guò)去常常的說(shuō)法。選項(xiàng)[B]可以定位到第二段，文中提到憲法沒(méi)有賦予這樣的權(quán)利。所以可以說(shuō)，本答案是正確的。選項(xiàng)[C]可以定位到第二段，但是法院是支持這樣的做法的。至于[D]，顯然是錯(cuò)的。 　　37. Which of the following statements is true according to thetext? 　　根據(jù)文章，下面哪一個(gè)說(shuō)法是正確的? 　　[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients death。 　　如果醫(yī)生冒病人生命的危險(xiǎn)，他們將被判有罪。 　　[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients inpainless recovery。 　　現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)已經(jīng)幫助晚期病人進(jìn)行無(wú)痛康復(fù)。 　　[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication canbe prescribed。 　　法院判決，醫(yī)生可以開(kāi)大劑量的鎮(zhèn)疼藥。 　　[D] A doctor s medication is no longer justified by his intentions。 　　醫(yī)生用藥是否合法不再取決于他的意圖。 　　【答案】 C 　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】 由于本題屬于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)判斷題，所以只有對(duì)每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都進(jìn)行辨析。選項(xiàng)[A]可以定位到第五段Annas的話(huà)。話(huà)中提到只要醫(yī)生不是想殺死病人，那么他們的死亡就不能被稱(chēng)為謀殺。因此可以判定[A]不正確。[B]說(shuō)病危者的無(wú)痛康復(fù)，在文中沒(méi)有提到康復(fù)問(wèn)題。[C]可以從第二段中找到，高等法院認(rèn)為只要醫(yī)生是出于好意，則可以去做。因此可以得出[C]是正確的。[D]錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)槭聦?shí)上，醫(yī)生的意圖在對(duì)于行為是否合法上面是非常重要的。 　　38. According to the NASs report, one of theproblems in end-of-life care is 　　根據(jù)國(guó)家科學(xué)院的報(bào)告，臨終護(hù)理存在的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是 　　[A]prolonged medical procedures. 延長(zhǎng)了的醫(yī)療過(guò)程。 　　[B]inadequate treatment of pain. 對(duì)病痛處理不力。 　　[C]systematic drug abuse. 一貫的藥物濫用。 　　[D]insufficient hospital care. 醫(yī)院護(hù)理不力。 　　【答案】 B 　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】 本題可以定位到第七段的第二句話(huà)中的the undertreatment of pain以及the aggressiveuse ofineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and evendishonor the period of dying。一個(gè)是對(duì)病人的疼痛治療不力。另外一個(gè)是強(qiáng)行使用無(wú)效的治療方法延長(zhǎng)生命，使得病人的晚期失去尊嚴(yán)。因此，這里的答案應(yīng)該是[C]。 　　39. Which of the following best defines the wordaggressive? 　　以下哪一個(gè)單詞最好的解釋了單詞aggressive的意思? 　　[A]Bold. 大膽的。 　　[B]Harmful. 有害的。 　　[C]Careless. 粗心的。 　　[D]Desperate. 絕望的。 　　【答案】 A 　　【考點(diǎn)】 詞義題。 　　【分析】 這個(gè)單詞的所在句Itidentifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectualand forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period ofdyingas the twin problems of end-of-life care。中，說(shuō)的是對(duì)病痛處理不力和大膽使用無(wú)效而強(qiáng)制性的醫(yī)療程序，這些程序可能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)死亡期，甚至?xí)屗劳銎陔y堪。對(duì)這種醫(yī)療程序的使用必須是aggressive的，是一般的方法不會(huì)用的。所以這個(gè)單詞的意思就是bold。 　　40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should bepunished if they 　　喬治安納斯可能認(rèn)為醫(yī)生應(yīng)該受到懲罰，如果他們 　　[A]manage their patients incompetently. 不勝任地治療病人。 　　[B]give patients more medicine than needed. 給病人的藥物超量。 　　[C]reduce drug dosages for their patients. 為病人減藥。 　　[D]prolong the needless suffering of the patients。延長(zhǎng)病人不必要的痛苦。 　　【答案】 D 　　【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】 本題的答題依據(jù)是文章的最后一段。在這一段中，Annas對(duì)大量的醫(yī)生置病人的痛苦于不顧，無(wú)端地延長(zhǎng)病人不必要的痛苦這種行為提出了批評(píng)，認(rèn)為這種行為構(gòu)成了虐待病人，并認(rèn)為這樣的醫(yī)生應(yīng)該予以吊銷(xiāo)行醫(yī)執(zhí)照。因此可以判斷[D]選項(xiàng)是正確的。 　　難句解析： 　　1. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right tophysician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principleof double effect， a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having twoeffectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenispermissible if the actor intends only the good effect。 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是although引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句后面加一個(gè)主句。although從句中有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。本句的主句是the court supported the medical principle ofdoubleeffect，后面是一個(gè)對(duì)double effect進(jìn)行說(shuō)明的同位語(yǔ)。 　　2. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends thatthe principle will shield doctors whountil now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediationto control their pain if that might hasten death。 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主語(yǔ)是Nancy Dubler，后面有一個(gè)修飾它的同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是contends，后面有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，其中從句的賓語(yǔ)又有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，而且從句中有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)狀語(yǔ)從句。 　　3. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge thatthe assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patientsfor whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying。 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】該句的主句是many acknowledge ，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying來(lái)修飾前面的patients。 　　全文翻譯： 　　最高法庭關(guān)于醫(yī)助自殺的裁決，對(duì)于醫(yī)學(xué)界如何尋求減輕病危者的痛苦和折磨這個(gè)問(wèn)題來(lái)說(shuō)，具有重要的意義。 　　盡管裁決認(rèn)為，憲法沒(méi)有賦予醫(yī)生幫助病人自殺的權(quán)利，然而最高法庭實(shí)際上卻認(rèn)可了醫(yī)療界的雙效原則，這個(gè)存在了好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的道德原則認(rèn)為，如果某種行為具有雙重效果希望達(dá)到的好效果和可以預(yù)見(jiàn)得到的壞效果如果行為人只是想達(dá)到好的效果，這個(gè)行為就是可以被允許的。 　　盡管不斷增加的劑量最終會(huì)殺死病人，近年來(lái)，醫(yī)生們一直在借用這項(xiàng)原則，為自己替病危患者注射大劑量的嗎啡鎮(zhèn)痛的做法提供辯護(hù)。 　　蒙特非奧里醫(yī)療中心主任南希都博勒認(rèn)為，這項(xiàng)原則將會(huì)保護(hù)部分醫(yī)生，因?yàn)檫@些醫(yī)生直到現(xiàn)在都一直堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，如果給病人大量的藥品可能加速病人的死亡的話(huà)，他們就無(wú)法給病人足夠的藥來(lái)控制他們的疼痛。 　　波士頓大學(xué)健康法律系主任喬治安納斯堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，只要醫(yī)生是出于合理的醫(yī)療目的開(kāi)藥，那么即使服用此藥會(huì)加速病人的死亡，醫(yī)生的行為也沒(méi)有違法。這就像做手術(shù)，他說(shuō)，我們不能稱(chēng)那些死亡為謀殺是因?yàn)獒t(yī)生并沒(méi)有想殺死病人，盡管他們敢冒病人死亡的危險(xiǎn)。假定你是一名醫(yī)生，只要你并沒(méi)有想讓病人自殺，你就可以去冒你的病人自殺的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 　　另一層面上，許多醫(yī)療界人士承認(rèn)，致使醫(yī)助自殺這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論升溫的部分原因是由于病人們的絕望情緒，對(duì)這些病人來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長(zhǎng)了臨終前肉體的痛苦。 　　就在最高法庭對(duì)醫(yī)助自殺進(jìn)行裁決的前三周，全國(guó)科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)公布了一份長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩卷的報(bào)告《臨近死亡：完善臨終護(hù)理》。報(bào)告指出了醫(yī)院臨終關(guān)懷護(hù)理中存在的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：對(duì)病痛處理不力和大膽使用無(wú)效而強(qiáng)制性的醫(yī)療程序，這些程序可能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)死亡期，甚至?xí)尣∪嗽谒劳銎谥凶饑?yán)受到傷害。 　　醫(yī)療行業(yè)正在采取行動(dòng)，使得年輕醫(yī)生去晚期病人休養(yǎng)所培訓(xùn)，對(duì)各種大膽的鎮(zhèn)痛療法方面的知識(shí)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，為醫(yī)院護(hù)理制定一份符合美國(guó)醫(yī)療保障方案的付款條例，以及為評(píng)估和治療臨終痛苦制定新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 　　安納斯說(shuō)，律師可以在要求把醫(yī)療界的這些善意的行為變成更好的護(hù)理行動(dòng)方面發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。不少醫(yī)生對(duì)病人所遭受的毫無(wú)必要的，可預(yù)見(jiàn)的痛苦無(wú)動(dòng)于衷，乃至于已構(gòu)成蓄意虐待病人。他說(shuō)，行醫(yī)資格理事會(huì)必須明確表明病人痛苦地死亡，可以推定，是醫(yī)生管理死亡病人不能勝任的表現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該據(jù)此吊銷(xiāo)其營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照。