2023復習正在如火如荼的進行中，考研專家建議可以按考研題型分別進行重點復習，是考研英語中分值最高的，在線小編特地整理了2023理解模擬試題供大家模擬練習，希望大家認真做題，錯題著重看解析及譯文，經過練習閱讀理解能力必能有所提高。 　　十九、新教育體制 　　With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility. 　　In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information. 　　For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising. 　　1.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? 　　[A] Democratic ideas started with education. [B] Federalists were opposed to education. 　　[C] New education helped confirm peoples social status. [D] Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society. 　　2.The difference between gentleman-in-waiting and journeyman is that _____ . 　　[A] education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher ladders [B] journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to him 　　[C] gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social class [D] journeyman could do practically nothing without education 　　3.According to the second paragraph, land-grant College _____. 　　[A] belonged to the land-owning class [B] enlarged the scope of education 　　[C] was provided only to the poor [D] benefited all but the upper class 　　4.Which of the following was the most important for a gentleman-in-waiting? 　　[A] Manners. [B] Education. [C] Moral. [D] Personality. 　　5.The best title for the passage is _____. 　　[A] Education and Progress [B] Old and New Social Norms 　　[C] New Education: Opportunities for More [D] Demerits of Hierarchical Society 　　答案：1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 　　核心詞匯或超綱詞匯 　　extension延長，擴充;普及，推廣 　　ensue隨之發生;追求[隨] 　　confirmation證實，確認，批準 　　upward向上的;上升的;增長的;upwardly在上面地，向上地 　　mobile流動的;易變的;升降很大的 　　apprentice學徒;實習生 　　polish磨光，光澤;優雅，精良擦亮;推敲;使完美或完善 　　ostentatious裝飾表面的;賣弄的，夸耀的;ostentateostentation 　　liberality慷慨，大方;寬大，磊落 　　全文翻譯 　　隨著19世紀上半葉民主權利的擴展和接踵而至的聯邦體制的衰退，一種新的教育觀念開始浮現出來。教育不再是對先前存在的地位的確認，而成了獲得更高地位的工具。對于不斷進步的新一代學生來說，教育的目標不是培養他們在自己出生的環境中舒適地生活，而是教給他們一些新的品德和技能，從而把他們推進一個不同的更好的世界。教育變成了訓練，學生也不再是等待的紳士，而成了一些尋求提高社會地位的職業學徒。 　　在19世紀，大學教育開始被看成是躋身世界前列的一種手段。國家贈予土地的大學為那些來自非盎格魯.薩克孫血統，工人階級以及社會中下層的貧窮而有抱負的男孩們敞開了高等教育的大門。那些完成大學學業而獲得成功的窮孩子的神話驅使數百萬的窮人孩子涌入新的大學校園。隨著這種轉變，教育變得更加職業化：教育的目標是獲取實用的技術和有用的信息。 　　對于那些準紳士來說，美德首先包括高雅的風度和作風，及符合自己身份地位的表現;教育僅僅是達到優雅的一種方式。而笨拙，粗俗，無禮，招搖等都是惡行的表現。而對于那些學徒來說，美德表現在通過努力獲得的成功中。人物必備的品質不是優雅風度而是積極，決心和尋找機會的銳利的眼光。當懶散的自由化及至揮霍浪費成了紳士的特色時，節儉，自制就成了新學徒的標志。紳士的社會地位已經很高，因此不再渴望更高的社會地位，而學徒卻一直努力地向上攀登。對于學徒來說，原地不動，沒有上升就意味著失敗。

　　2023復習正在如火如荼的進行中，考研專家建議可以按考研題型分別進行重點復習，是考研英語中分值最高的，在線小編特地整理了2023理解模擬試題供大家模擬練習，希望大家認真做題，錯題著重看解析及譯文，經過練習閱讀理解能力必能有所提高。 　　十九、新教育體制 　　With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility. 　　In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information. 　　For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprentice meant standing still, not rising. 　　1.Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? 　　[A] Democratic ideas started with education. [B] Federalists were opposed to education. 　　[C] New education helped confirm peoples social status. [D] Old education had been in tune with hierarchical society. 　　2.The difference between gentleman-in-waiting and journeyman is that _____ . 　　[A] education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher ladders [B] journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to him 　　[C] gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social class [D] journeyman could do practically nothing without education 　　3.According to the second paragraph, land-grant College _____. 　　[A] belonged to the land-owning class [B] enlarged the scope of education 　　[C] was provided only to the poor [D] benefited all but the upper class 　　4.Which of the following was the most important for a gentleman-in-waiting? 　　[A] Manners. [B] Education. [C] Moral. [D] Personality. 　　5.The best title for the passage is _____. 　　[A] Education and Progress [B] Old and New Social Norms 　　[C] New Education: Opportunities for More [D] Demerits of Hierarchical Society 　　答案：1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 　　核心詞匯或超綱詞匯 　　extension延長，擴充;普及，推廣 　　ensue隨之發生;追求[隨] 　　confirmation證實，確認，批準 　　upward向上的;上升的;增長的;upwardly在上面地，向上地 　　mobile流動的;易變的;升降很大的 　　apprentice學徒;實習生 　　polish磨光，光澤;優雅，精良擦亮;推敲;使完美或完善 　　ostentatious裝飾表面的;賣弄的，夸耀的;ostentateostentation 　　liberality慷慨，大方;寬大，磊落 　　全文翻譯 　　隨著19世紀上半葉民主權利的擴展和接踵而至的聯邦體制的衰退，一種新的教育觀念開始浮現出來。教育不再是對先前存在的地位的確認，而成了獲得更高地位的工具。對于不斷進步的新一代學生來說，教育的目標不是培養他們在自己出生的環境中舒適地生活，而是教給他們一些新的品德和技能，從而把他們推進一個不同的更好的世界。教育變成了訓練，學生也不再是等待的紳士，而成了一些尋求提高社會地位的職業學徒。 　　在19世紀，大學教育開始被看成是躋身世界前列的一種手段。國家贈予土地的大學為那些來自非盎格魯.薩克孫血統，工人階級以及社會中下層的貧窮而有抱負的男孩們敞開了高等教育的大門。那些完成大學學業而獲得成功的窮孩子的神話驅使數百萬的窮人孩子涌入新的大學校園。隨著這種轉變，教育變得更加職業化：教育的目標是獲取實用的技術和有用的信息。 　　對于那些準紳士來說，美德首先包括高雅的風度和作風，及符合自己身份地位的表現;教育僅僅是達到優雅的一種方式。而笨拙，粗俗，無禮，招搖等都是惡行的表現。而對于那些學徒來說，美德表現在通過努力獲得的成功中。人物必備的品質不是優雅風度而是積極，決心和尋找機會的銳利的眼光。當懶散的自由化及至揮霍浪費成了紳士的特色時，節儉，自制就成了新學徒的標志。紳士的社會地位已經很高，因此不再渴望更高的社會地位，而學徒卻一直努力地向上攀登。對于學徒來說，原地不動，沒有上升就意味著失敗。