2023考研英語閱讀菲亞特和意大利
Fiat and Italy
菲亞特和意大利
Arrivederci, Italia?
拜拜，意大利?
Italy worries that its biggest manufacturer mayleave
意大利擔心它最大的制造企業可能離開
Will they drum Fiat out of Italy?
他們抗議的鼓聲會讓菲亞特搬出意大利嗎?
DUTY, history, and responsibility are what keep Fiat, Italy s biggest private-sectoremployer, based at home.
義務、歷史和責任是讓菲亞特，這個意大利最大的私營企業雇主留在意大利的原因。
Running counter to such fine notions, said the carmaker s boss, Sergio Marchionne, earlierthis year, is Fiat s need to make decisions rationally.
這家汽車制造商的老板馬爾喬內今年早些時候說，菲亞特需要背離這些良好信念從而做出理性抉擇。
It has lost money in Italy for years.
菲亞特在意國內虧損已經有些年了。
It expects things to get worse as sales slump at home.
隨著本土銷量萎縮，它預計情況還會更糟。
Small wonder that the countryregularly goes into hysteria over whether Fiat will stay.
小部分人感嘆在菲亞特去留的問題上該國經常抓狂。
Its takeover of Chrysler, an American carmaker, is one reason to worry.
菲亞特對美國汽車企業克萊斯勒的收購是擔心的一個原因。
Fiat has not decided whether the combined group s headquarters will be in Turin or Detroit.
菲亞特還沒決定合并后的公司總部設在都靈還是底特律。
That may involve little more than a plaque on the wall, as the company argues.
該公司聲稱這事就同如何在墻上掛牌匾一樣無關宏旨。
But Fiat s manufacturing presence in Italy is under threat too.
但其在意大利的制造部門也面臨威脅。
Despite earning two-thirds of its revenues abroad, it still has almost half its employees and40% of its plants in Italy.
盡管2/3的營收來自國外，菲亞特仍有半數的員工和40%的工廠在意大利。
Mr Marchionne has repeatedly threatened to shutter Italian capacity if he cannot make itproductive.
馬爾喬內已經很多次威脅說如果不能使其充分發揮效率，他就要縮減在意大利的產能。
On October 20th Consob, Italy s stockmarket regulator, demanded details of a 2010 plancalled Fabbrica Italia, in which Fiat promised to invest 16 billion in its Italian plants over fouryears in return for new agreements on working conditions.
10月20日，意大利證監機構 Consob 索要了2010年一份叫做意大利制造的計劃的詳細資料，這份計劃中菲亞特承諾4年內向其意大利工廠投資160億歐元，以換取新的工作狀況的協議。
As part of this plan, it is repatriating production of the Panda, a small car, from Poland.
作為計劃的一部分，菲亞特將把一款小車Panda從波蘭搬回國內生產。
But Fiat has also changed some elements:
但它也改了一些內容：
two prestigious models it was going to bring to its Mirafiori plant in Turin will be replacedwith smaller cars.
原打算在都靈Mirafiori工廠生產的兩款受歡迎的車型將被較小的車型取代。
Fiat rejected Consob s demands for more detail on the plan and attacked the regulator forasking for it publicly.
菲亞特拒絕了Consob提出的提供更多該計劃細節的要求，并對此其公開索要的行為進行抨擊。
Maurizio Landini, secretary-general of Fiom-Cgil, a metalworkers union which has foughthard against Fiat s new working conditions, says his main fear is that Fabbrica Italia onlyexists on paper.
五金工人聯合會Fiom-Cgil強烈反對菲亞特的新工作狀況，該組織秘書長Landini說他主要擔心意大利制造將只是一紙空文。
He claims that Fiat is basing the development of its most innovative future projects, such ashybrid and electric cars, in America.
他聲稱菲亞特正把其最有創造力的未來項目，如混合動力和電動車，的發展放在美國。
Fiat s Italian plants are 15-20% less efficient than those of competitors elsewhere in Europe.
菲亞特意大利工廠比歐洲其它競爭對手的效率低15-20%。
Its Polish, Serbian and Turkish plants run at more than 70% of their capacity, whereasItalian ones run at 33%.
其在波蘭、塞爾維亞和土耳其的工廠的生產率超過產能的70%，而意大利的工廠只有33%。
Flexibility has been the firm s main problem.
靈活性成了該公司最大的問題。
For example, if a car on one production line sold badly and a model on another line sold wellFiat could not move workers across under the old rules.
舉例來說，如果一條生產線的車型銷量不佳而另一條線的車型暢銷的話，在舊模式下菲亞特無法進行工人的調配。
The firm s employees proved this year that they are ready to compete.
公司員工今年證明他們已經準備好進行競爭。
A majority at three Italian plants voted to accept new working practices and, apart fromFiom-Cgil, all unions signed the deal.
3家意大利工廠的大多數工人投票接受新的工作準則，并且除了Fiom-Cgil之外，其他公會都已簽了協議。
At a long-shuttered plant near Turin that Fiat has bought from another carmaker, 89% of theidled workers voted for the changes despite Fiom-Cgil s strong presence.
在都靈附近的菲亞特從另一家汽車企業收購的長期停產的工廠，盡管有Fiom-Cgil的強勢存在，仍有89%懶散的工人投票贊成變革。
So it can bargain directly with workers at factory level, Fiat has also decided to quitConfindustria, Italy s main employers lobby, after it offered the unions national chiefs a finalsay on pay deals.
菲亞特還決定退出Condindustria這個意大利最大的雇主聯合團體，在向公會全國主席提供了一份最終的工資方案后，它可以直接在工廠層面和工人討價還價。
Fiat has thus made two big breaks with Italy s collective-bargaining tradition, says RobertoPedersini, a labour-relations expert.
勞資問題專家Pedersini說菲亞特這樣做打破了兩項意大利重要的勞資談判傳統。
First, it has repudiated industry-wide, national labour standards.
首先，它拒絕承認了行業性的全國勞動標準。
Second, it is taking away labour protections when company-level agreements usually givemore rights to workers.
其次，它移除了工人的保護傘，而公司層面的協議一般給予了工人們更多權益。
To be rational, Fiat s Italianit has to be less dutiful.
理性的說，菲亞特身上的意大利特質讓其顯得不是那么負責任。
詞語解釋
1.responsibility n.責任;職責
It s my responsibility to lock the doors.
我負責鎖門。
2.slump n.暴跌;低潮狀態
Sales have slumped in the last month.
上月銷售量驟降。
3.hysteria n.歇斯特里癥;不正常的興奮
The abnormal, spasmodic swallowing of air, especially as a symptom of hysteria.
吞氣癥異常的痙攣性吞氣，特指歇斯底里的癥狀。
4.combine v.聯合;使結合
Two parties will combine to defeat the third.
兩黨派將聯合以擊敗第三黨。
5.revenue n.稅收;收入
National tax revenue grew by a large margin every year.
國家稅收連年大幅度增長。
Fiat and Italy
菲亞特和意大利
Arrivederci, Italia?
拜拜，意大利?
Italy worries that its biggest manufacturer mayleave
意大利擔心它最大的制造企業可能離開
Will they drum Fiat out of Italy?
他們抗議的鼓聲會讓菲亞特搬出意大利嗎?
DUTY, history, and responsibility are what keep Fiat, Italy s biggest private-sectoremployer, based at home.
義務、歷史和責任是讓菲亞特，這個意大利最大的私營企業雇主留在意大利的原因。
Running counter to such fine notions, said the carmaker s boss, Sergio Marchionne, earlierthis year, is Fiat s need to make decisions rationally.
這家汽車制造商的老板馬爾喬內今年早些時候說，菲亞特需要背離這些良好信念從而做出理性抉擇。
It has lost money in Italy for years.
菲亞特在意國內虧損已經有些年了。
It expects things to get worse as sales slump at home.
隨著本土銷量萎縮，它預計情況還會更糟。
Small wonder that the countryregularly goes into hysteria over whether Fiat will stay.
小部分人感嘆在菲亞特去留的問題上該國經常抓狂。
Its takeover of Chrysler, an American carmaker, is one reason to worry.
菲亞特對美國汽車企業克萊斯勒的收購是擔心的一個原因。
Fiat has not decided whether the combined group s headquarters will be in Turin or Detroit.
菲亞特還沒決定合并后的公司總部設在都靈還是底特律。
That may involve little more than a plaque on the wall, as the company argues.
該公司聲稱這事就同如何在墻上掛牌匾一樣無關宏旨。
But Fiat s manufacturing presence in Italy is under threat too.
但其在意大利的制造部門也面臨威脅。
Despite earning two-thirds of its revenues abroad, it still has almost half its employees and40% of its plants in Italy.
盡管2/3的營收來自國外，菲亞特仍有半數的員工和40%的工廠在意大利。
Mr Marchionne has repeatedly threatened to shutter Italian capacity if he cannot make itproductive.
馬爾喬內已經很多次威脅說如果不能使其充分發揮效率，他就要縮減在意大利的產能。
On October 20th Consob, Italy s stockmarket regulator, demanded details of a 2010 plancalled Fabbrica Italia, in which Fiat promised to invest 16 billion in its Italian plants over fouryears in return for new agreements on working conditions.
10月20日，意大利證監機構 Consob 索要了2010年一份叫做意大利制造的計劃的詳細資料，這份計劃中菲亞特承諾4年內向其意大利工廠投資160億歐元，以換取新的工作狀況的協議。
As part of this plan, it is repatriating production of the Panda, a small car, from Poland.
作為計劃的一部分，菲亞特將把一款小車Panda從波蘭搬回國內生產。
But Fiat has also changed some elements:
但它也改了一些內容：
two prestigious models it was going to bring to its Mirafiori plant in Turin will be replacedwith smaller cars.
原打算在都靈Mirafiori工廠生產的兩款受歡迎的車型將被較小的車型取代。
Fiat rejected Consob s demands for more detail on the plan and attacked the regulator forasking for it publicly.
菲亞特拒絕了Consob提出的提供更多該計劃細節的要求，并對此其公開索要的行為進行抨擊。
Maurizio Landini, secretary-general of Fiom-Cgil, a metalworkers union which has foughthard against Fiat s new working conditions, says his main fear is that Fabbrica Italia onlyexists on paper.
五金工人聯合會Fiom-Cgil強烈反對菲亞特的新工作狀況，該組織秘書長Landini說他主要擔心意大利制造將只是一紙空文。
He claims that Fiat is basing the development of its most innovative future projects, such ashybrid and electric cars, in America.
他聲稱菲亞特正把其最有創造力的未來項目，如混合動力和電動車，的發展放在美國。
Fiat s Italian plants are 15-20% less efficient than those of competitors elsewhere in Europe.
菲亞特意大利工廠比歐洲其它競爭對手的效率低15-20%。
Its Polish, Serbian and Turkish plants run at more than 70% of their capacity, whereasItalian ones run at 33%.
其在波蘭、塞爾維亞和土耳其的工廠的生產率超過產能的70%，而意大利的工廠只有33%。
Flexibility has been the firm s main problem.
靈活性成了該公司最大的問題。
For example, if a car on one production line sold badly and a model on another line sold wellFiat could not move workers across under the old rules.
舉例來說，如果一條生產線的車型銷量不佳而另一條線的車型暢銷的話，在舊模式下菲亞特無法進行工人的調配。
The firm s employees proved this year that they are ready to compete.
公司員工今年證明他們已經準備好進行競爭。
A majority at three Italian plants voted to accept new working practices and, apart fromFiom-Cgil, all unions signed the deal.
3家意大利工廠的大多數工人投票接受新的工作準則，并且除了Fiom-Cgil之外，其他公會都已簽了協議。
At a long-shuttered plant near Turin that Fiat has bought from another carmaker, 89% of theidled workers voted for the changes despite Fiom-Cgil s strong presence.
在都靈附近的菲亞特從另一家汽車企業收購的長期停產的工廠，盡管有Fiom-Cgil的強勢存在，仍有89%懶散的工人投票贊成變革。
So it can bargain directly with workers at factory level, Fiat has also decided to quitConfindustria, Italy s main employers lobby, after it offered the unions national chiefs a finalsay on pay deals.
菲亞特還決定退出Condindustria這個意大利最大的雇主聯合團體，在向公會全國主席提供了一份最終的工資方案后，它可以直接在工廠層面和工人討價還價。
Fiat has thus made two big breaks with Italy s collective-bargaining tradition, says RobertoPedersini, a labour-relations expert.
勞資問題專家Pedersini說菲亞特這樣做打破了兩項意大利重要的勞資談判傳統。
First, it has repudiated industry-wide, national labour standards.
首先，它拒絕承認了行業性的全國勞動標準。
Second, it is taking away labour protections when company-level agreements usually givemore rights to workers.
其次，它移除了工人的保護傘，而公司層面的協議一般給予了工人們更多權益。
To be rational, Fiat s Italianit has to be less dutiful.
理性的說，菲亞特身上的意大利特質讓其顯得不是那么負責任。
詞語解釋
1.responsibility n.責任;職責
It s my responsibility to lock the doors.
我負責鎖門。
2.slump n.暴跌;低潮狀態
Sales have slumped in the last month.
上月銷售量驟降。
3.hysteria n.歇斯特里癥;不正常的興奮
The abnormal, spasmodic swallowing of air, especially as a symptom of hysteria.
吞氣癥異常的痙攣性吞氣，特指歇斯底里的癥狀。
4.combine v.聯合;使結合
Two parties will combine to defeat the third.
兩黨派將聯合以擊敗第三黨。
5.revenue n.稅收;收入
National tax revenue grew by a large margin every year.
國家稅收連年大幅度增長。
