Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for academic mobility is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world， and debated in the corridors of Europe， but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy， the most effective medicine， the likeliest road to gold.

　　Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas， their transference across frontiers， their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it， whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a starling discovery， or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines， and that one was not quite alone， confronted by inquisition， ridicule or neglect.

　　In the twentieth century， and particularly in the last 20 years， the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane， making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible， and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.

　　Apart from the vehicle itself， it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention： there are far more centres of learning， and a far greater number of scholars and students.

　　In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines， particularly in the sciences， which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above.

　　1.It can be concluded from the passage thatacademic mobility_____.

　　A.means the friendship formed by scholars on the trip

　　B.is a program initiated by governments

　　C.has been put great emphasis on in the world

　　D.means going abroad in search of the best teacher

　　2.The word eccentric in the second paragraph most probably means_____.

　　A.a rather strange person

　　B.a person of no exceptional ability

　　C.an ambitious person

　　D.peculiar or unusual

　　3.In the eyes of the author，what happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues？

　　A.He risks his ideas being stolen.

　　B.He gains recognition for his achievement

　　C.He is considered as an eccentric.

　　D.He is credited with a startling discovery.

　　4.According to the passage，the recent growth in air travel has meant that_____.

　　A.travel around the world becomes realistic and affordable

　　B.more students from remote areas can attend universities

　　C.all kinds of information can be shared by more people

　　D.scholars can meet each other more easily

　　5.The author thinks that its important for scholars to be able to travel because_____.

　　A.their laboratories ate in remote places

　　B.there is too much stress at universities

　　C.their fellow experts are scattered around the world

　　D.there are so many people working in similar fields

　　文章摘要

　　議論文。本文主要論述了學(xué)術(shù)流動的諸多現(xiàn)象和引起學(xué)術(shù)流動的因素。斟詞酌句

　　1.in search of 尋找

　　Newton，the great scientist，spent his whole life in search of truth. 偉大的科學(xué)家牛頓一生都要尋求真理。

　　2.stimulating adj. 刺激的，有刺激性的

　　To win a prize is always stimulating. 獲獎總是令人激動的。

　　3.simultaneous adj. 同時發(fā)生的，同時存在的，同步的

　　The two simultaneous shots sounded like one. 同時發(fā)出的兩聲槍響聽起來像一聲。

　　4.reassure vt. 使放心

　　When the child was afraid in the storm，his parents reassured him. 孩子害怕風(fēng)暴時，他的父母安慰他。

　　指點迷津

　　1.It must also have been reassuring to know ［that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines］， and ［that one was not quite alone， confronted by inquisition， ridicule or neglect］。在本句中，兩個方括號里that引導(dǎo)的從句都是know賓語。

　　2.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines， particularly in the sciences， ［which （by widening the total area of advanced studies） has produced an enormous number of specialists （whose particular interests are precisely defined）］。在本句中，方括號里which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾thevery considerable multiplication of disciplines該從句的謂語動詞是has produced該從句中還包含了一個由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾specialists。

　　試題精析

　　1.選C。本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。第一段第二句說academic mobility is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world，由此可知，人們認(rèn)為學(xué)術(shù)流動非常重要，C選項與其意思一致;D選項為干擾項，由第一段可推斷going abroad in search of the best teacher只是學(xué)術(shù)流動的表現(xiàn)之一，并不是它的含義。

　　2.選A。本題為詞義推斷題。eccentric在文中作名詞，指古怪的人;有怪癖的人，所以A選項為正確的答案。

　　3.選B。本題為觀點態(tài)度推斷題。從第二段最后一句可推斷，當(dāng)一位學(xué)者和他的同事分享其想法觀點時，他知道one was not quite alone，他會得到對他的成就的認(rèn)可。

　　4.選D。本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。第三段最后一句說the aeroplane， making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible，D選項與其意思一致。

　　5.選C。本題為觀點態(tài)度推斷題。文章最后一句說These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.，所以C選項為正確答案。

　　全文翻譯

　　學(xué)者和學(xué)生一致都是偉大的旅行者。在全世界，人們現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常稱學(xué)術(shù)流動為經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會進(jìn)步的必備基礎(chǔ)，但顯然，這已不是什么新事物了。認(rèn)真的學(xué)生時刻準(zhǔn)備著出過，以尋求最棒的老師和最著名的學(xué)府，尋求最純粹的哲學(xué)，最有效的醫(yī)學(xué)和最有可能找到金礦的道路。

　　這種流動也是思想的流動，它們穿越國界，同事影響著各種不同的人群。學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵在于分享不管是和學(xué)生還是和同事分享。有人認(rèn)為只有偏執(zhí)狂才對由驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)或一項新技術(shù)帶來的榮譽(yù)感感興趣。但是要知道，在世界上的其他地方有其他人和我們有同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)或是以同樣的方式思考著。雖然我們面臨質(zhì)問、譏諷和漠視，但我們并不孤獨。這一點會讓人寬慰不少。

　　在20世紀(jì)，特別是在最后20年里，那些漫游流浪的學(xué)者們以前走的小路已經(jīng)變成了寬廣的大陸。當(dāng)然，是飛機(jī)這種交通工具讓這成為可能，它讓遠(yuǎn)隔重洋的學(xué)者們迅速取得聯(lián)系，為知識的迅速傳播提供條件。

　　除了交通工具這個因素，要確認(rèn)引起最近學(xué)術(shù)運動大爆炸的因素也是比較容易的。有一些僅僅只是數(shù)量上的，不需要更多的關(guān)注：更多的學(xué)習(xí)中心，和比以前多得多的學(xué)者和學(xué)生。

　　另外，我們必須承認(rèn)，學(xué)科門類以相當(dāng)快的速度增加，特別是在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。通過拓寬整個高深研究的領(lǐng)域，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了大量研究興趣嚴(yán)格限定的專家學(xué)者。如果這些專輯不和其他國家同樣鼓勵的群體保持聯(lián)系，他們會在一種與世隔絕的狀態(tài)工作。

　　Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for academic mobility is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world， and debated in the corridors of Europe， but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy， the most effective medicine， the likeliest road to gold.

　　Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas， their transference across frontiers， their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it， whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a starling discovery， or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines， and that one was not quite alone， confronted by inquisition， ridicule or neglect.

　　In the twentieth century， and particularly in the last 20 years， the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane， making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible， and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.

　　Apart from the vehicle itself， it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention： there are far more centres of learning， and a far greater number of scholars and students.

　　In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines， particularly in the sciences， which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.

　　Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above.

　　1.It can be concluded from the passage thatacademic mobility_____.

　　A.means the friendship formed by scholars on the trip

　　B.is a program initiated by governments

　　C.has been put great emphasis on in the world

　　D.means going abroad in search of the best teacher

　　2.The word eccentric in the second paragraph most probably means_____.

　　A.a rather strange person

　　B.a person of no exceptional ability

　　C.an ambitious person

　　D.peculiar or unusual

　　3.In the eyes of the author，what happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues？

　　A.He risks his ideas being stolen.

　　B.He gains recognition for his achievement

　　C.He is considered as an eccentric.

　　D.He is credited with a startling discovery.

　　4.According to the passage，the recent growth in air travel has meant that_____.

　　A.travel around the world becomes realistic and affordable

　　B.more students from remote areas can attend universities

　　C.all kinds of information can be shared by more people

　　D.scholars can meet each other more easily

　　5.The author thinks that its important for scholars to be able to travel because_____.

　　A.their laboratories ate in remote places

　　B.there is too much stress at universities

　　C.their fellow experts are scattered around the world

　　D.there are so many people working in similar fields

　　文章摘要

　　議論文。本文主要論述了學(xué)術(shù)流動的諸多現(xiàn)象和引起學(xué)術(shù)流動的因素。斟詞酌句

　　1.in search of 尋找

　　Newton，the great scientist，spent his whole life in search of truth. 偉大的科學(xué)家牛頓一生都要尋求真理。

　　2.stimulating adj. 刺激的，有刺激性的

　　To win a prize is always stimulating. 獲獎總是令人激動的。

　　3.simultaneous adj. 同時發(fā)生的，同時存在的，同步的

　　The two simultaneous shots sounded like one. 同時發(fā)出的兩聲槍響聽起來像一聲。

　　4.reassure vt. 使放心

　　When the child was afraid in the storm，his parents reassured him. 孩子害怕風(fēng)暴時，他的父母安慰他。

　　指點迷津

　　1.It must also have been reassuring to know ［that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines］， and ［that one was not quite alone， confronted by inquisition， ridicule or neglect］。在本句中，兩個方括號里that引導(dǎo)的從句都是know賓語。

　　2.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines， particularly in the sciences， ［which （by widening the total area of advanced studies） has produced an enormous number of specialists （whose particular interests are precisely defined）］。在本句中，方括號里which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾thevery considerable multiplication of disciplines該從句的謂語動詞是has produced該從句中還包含了一個由whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾specialists。

　　試題精析

　　1.選C。本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。第一段第二句說academic mobility is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world，由此可知，人們認(rèn)為學(xué)術(shù)流動非常重要，C選項與其意思一致;D選項為干擾項，由第一段可推斷going abroad in search of the best teacher只是學(xué)術(shù)流動的表現(xiàn)之一，并不是它的含義。

　　2.選A。本題為詞義推斷題。eccentric在文中作名詞，指古怪的人;有怪癖的人，所以A選項為正確的答案。

　　3.選B。本題為觀點態(tài)度推斷題。從第二段最后一句可推斷，當(dāng)一位學(xué)者和他的同事分享其想法觀點時，他知道one was not quite alone，他會得到對他的成就的認(rèn)可。

　　4.選D。本題為主要細(xì)節(jié)正誤題。第三段最后一句說the aeroplane， making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible，D選項與其意思一致。

　　5.選C。本題為觀點態(tài)度推斷題。文章最后一句說These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.，所以C選項為正確答案。

　　全文翻譯

　　學(xué)者和學(xué)生一致都是偉大的旅行者。在全世界，人們現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常稱學(xué)術(shù)流動為經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會進(jìn)步的必備基礎(chǔ)，但顯然，這已不是什么新事物了。認(rèn)真的學(xué)生時刻準(zhǔn)備著出過，以尋求最棒的老師和最著名的學(xué)府，尋求最純粹的哲學(xué)，最有效的醫(yī)學(xué)和最有可能找到金礦的道路。

　　這種流動也是思想的流動，它們穿越國界，同事影響著各種不同的人群。學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)鍵在于分享不管是和學(xué)生還是和同事分享。有人認(rèn)為只有偏執(zhí)狂才對由驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)或一項新技術(shù)帶來的榮譽(yù)感感興趣。但是要知道，在世界上的其他地方有其他人和我們有同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)或是以同樣的方式思考著。雖然我們面臨質(zhì)問、譏諷和漠視，但我們并不孤獨。這一點會讓人寬慰不少。

　　在20世紀(jì)，特別是在最后20年里，那些漫游流浪的學(xué)者們以前走的小路已經(jīng)變成了寬廣的大陸。當(dāng)然，是飛機(jī)這種交通工具讓這成為可能，它讓遠(yuǎn)隔重洋的學(xué)者們迅速取得聯(lián)系，為知識的迅速傳播提供條件。

　　除了交通工具這個因素，要確認(rèn)引起最近學(xué)術(shù)運動大爆炸的因素也是比較容易的。有一些僅僅只是數(shù)量上的，不需要更多的關(guān)注：更多的學(xué)習(xí)中心，和比以前多得多的學(xué)者和學(xué)生。

　　另外，我們必須承認(rèn)，學(xué)科門類以相當(dāng)快的速度增加，特別是在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。通過拓寬整個高深研究的領(lǐng)域，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了大量研究興趣嚴(yán)格限定的專家學(xué)者。如果這些專輯不和其他國家同樣鼓勵的群體保持聯(lián)系，他們會在一種與世隔絕的狀態(tài)工作。