大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句的六個(gè)大特點(diǎn)
四級(jí)閱讀理解難,難在長(zhǎng)難句。如何破解長(zhǎng)難句,是做好四級(jí)閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。破解長(zhǎng)難句通常采用方法是找準(zhǔn)主謂賓去除定狀補(bǔ),筆者認(rèn)為,抓住長(zhǎng)難句特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行庖丁解牛是破解四級(jí)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句的又一制勝法寶。
四級(jí)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句有以下六大特點(diǎn):
1、 主語(yǔ)拉長(zhǎng)
一般來(lái)講,漢語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)比較簡(jiǎn)短。相比之下,英語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)一旦拉長(zhǎng),就會(huì)增加讀者的理解難度。
解決方法:有效分解主謂成分,斷開之后各個(gè)擊破。例如:
The streams, lakes, meadows
時(shí)間過了37年。現(xiàn)在Stoloe致力于撰寫和編輯關(guān)于美國(guó)手語(yǔ)和聾啞人文化的書籍和雜志,以及制作相關(guān)的錄像材料。
5、并列句連用使得句子變長(zhǎng)(主謂賓都可以并列)
并列句是四級(jí)閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會(huì)把幾個(gè)成分相同的并列句子,通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的句子。
解決方法:破解這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系,補(bǔ)全成分后重新還原為幾個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子即可。例如:
To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
翻譯:對(duì)政府來(lái)說(shuō),更糟糕的是,不久得知的消息是,王妃的安哥拉之行得到過外事辦的批準(zhǔn),并且她事實(shí)上非常了解安哥拉的形勢(shì)和英國(guó)政府關(guān)于地雷的政策。
2
相當(dāng)于拆分成三個(gè)句子:
To make matters worse for the government
It soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.
It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
6、多重復(fù)合句疊加
所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加,就是說(shuō)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種句式(并列的定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)等等)。
解決方法:分清主從句,理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如:
(1)Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.
結(jié)構(gòu)圖:
★①☆①
○○
★②☆②
說(shuō)明:
○○=then there is the general, all covering apology
★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
★②= and which the person should promise never to do again
☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting
☆②= Who is apologizing
顯然,原句子是由有there be引導(dǎo)做主句,后面跟了兩個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語(yǔ)從句中有各自有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,像是一個(gè)連環(huán)套。
分解為以下幾個(gè)句子:
1.Then there is the general, all covering apology
2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting
4.And which the person
5.Who is apologizing
6.Should promise never to do again
翻譯:
1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無(wú)所不包的道歉
2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性
3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為
4.這種道歉使得人們
5.道歉的人們
6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為
句子整合翻譯:然后還有一種泛泛的無(wú)所不包的道歉,這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應(yīng)該保證以后不會(huì)再犯的具體行為
四級(jí)閱讀理解難,難在長(zhǎng)難句。如何破解長(zhǎng)難句,是做好四級(jí)閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。破解長(zhǎng)難句通常采用方法是找準(zhǔn)主謂賓去除定狀補(bǔ),筆者認(rèn)為,抓住長(zhǎng)難句特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行庖丁解牛是破解四級(jí)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句的又一制勝法寶。
四級(jí)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句有以下六大特點(diǎn):
1、 主語(yǔ)拉長(zhǎng)
一般來(lái)講,漢語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)比較簡(jiǎn)短。相比之下,英語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)一旦拉長(zhǎng),就會(huì)增加讀者的理解難度。
解決方法:有效分解主謂成分,斷開之后各個(gè)擊破。例如:
The streams, lakes, meadows
時(shí)間過了37年。現(xiàn)在Stoloe致力于撰寫和編輯關(guān)于美國(guó)手語(yǔ)和聾啞人文化的書籍和雜志,以及制作相關(guān)的錄像材料。
5、并列句連用使得句子變長(zhǎng)(主謂賓都可以并列)
并列句是四級(jí)閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會(huì)把幾個(gè)成分相同的并列句子,通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的句子。
解決方法:破解這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系,補(bǔ)全成分后重新還原為幾個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子即可。例如:
To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
翻譯:對(duì)政府來(lái)說(shuō),更糟糕的是,不久得知的消息是,王妃的安哥拉之行得到過外事辦的批準(zhǔn),并且她事實(shí)上非常了解安哥拉的形勢(shì)和英國(guó)政府關(guān)于地雷的政策。
2
相當(dāng)于拆分成三個(gè)句子:
To make matters worse for the government
It soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.
It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
6、多重復(fù)合句疊加
所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加,就是說(shuō)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種句式(并列的定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)等等)。
解決方法:分清主從句,理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如:
(1)Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.
結(jié)構(gòu)圖:
★①☆①
○○
★②☆②
說(shuō)明:
○○=then there is the general, all covering apology
★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
★②= and which the person should promise never to do again
☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting
☆②= Who is apologizing
顯然,原句子是由有there be引導(dǎo)做主句,后面跟了兩個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語(yǔ)從句中有各自有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,像是一個(gè)連環(huán)套。
分解為以下幾個(gè)句子:
1.Then there is the general, all covering apology
2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting
4.And which the person
5.Who is apologizing
6.Should promise never to do again
翻譯:
1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無(wú)所不包的道歉
2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性
3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為
4.這種道歉使得人們
5.道歉的人們
6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為
句子整合翻譯:然后還有一種泛泛的無(wú)所不包的道歉,這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應(yīng)該保證以后不會(huì)再犯的具體行為