六級沖刺備考的翻譯技巧(15)
28. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the details versus constraints distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? (5) 以下哪一個選項最有可能為文章中談到的與人類行為有關(guān)的人類行為細節(jié)相對人類受限制之間的差異,從人類形態(tài)的角度上提供了一個合適的類比?
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋:本句子在有GRE或GMAT閱讀題的題干中是最難讀懂的題干之一。本句不但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,而且用詞抽象,使得讀者如果想根據(jù)語義來搞清楚誰修飾誰,也變得極為困難。分析如下:本句的主干是Which of the following provides an analogy for the details versus constraints distinction?. Versus是一個介詞,等于against,即體育比賽中的VS。其他的有成分均是一些修飾成分。其中一個對答題最重要的限制條件是from human morphology, 說明這種類比的比較雙方比的必須是人類形態(tài)上的特征。
意群訓(xùn)練:Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the details versus constraints distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?
29. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae. (3+)
在存在大量食草動物的同時卻只有少量的水藻花粉囊,這暗示出但沒能證明食草動物已吞噬了大部分水藻。 大難句類型:插入語
解釋:本句主語很長,而且謂語suggested與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句間被插入語but did not prove隔開,造成閱讀障礙。當(dāng)suggest與but did not prove連在一起使用的時候,其意思不是建議,而是指一種基于主觀臆測的推理,中文翻譯成暗示。其英文釋義為:to call to mind by though or association the explosion suggested sabotage。GRE、GMAT及LSAT文章中,常用suggest,but do not prove來描述一種沒有真憑實據(jù)、可能有問題的理論,然后在后面的敘述中把它否定掉。 意群訓(xùn)練:A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.
30. Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net , a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
(5)可能這樣一個事實,那就是很多這樣的最初的研究只是考慮了那些能夠用網(wǎng)撈起來的大小的水藻,這樣一個忽視了更小的浮游生物(而這些浮游生物我們現(xiàn)在知道是捕食者主要的食物)的做法,導(dǎo)致了在接下來的研究中對于捕食者的作用的貶低。難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋:句子的結(jié)構(gòu)繁雜。句子的主語令人吃驚地長,在最后一個逗號后的led以前,全是主語!其實句子的主干簡單,就是the fact led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers。但是本句的主語the fact后面的修飾成分長得嚇人,先是個定語從句;定語從句中又套了一個定語從句。然后逗號后面的a practice引導(dǎo)的部分是前面的主語的同位語兼任插入語,practice后面的修飾它的一大堆東西又是定語從句套著定語從句。本句是典型的層層修飾結(jié)構(gòu)。
意群訓(xùn)練:Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net, a pratice that overlooked the smaller that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
31. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. (5)
由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)進行的研究,對自然條件下的群落捕食速率進行了估計,其手段是通過測量出實驗室內(nèi)單獨的浮游動物種類的捕食速率,然后利用已知的食草動物種群密度,計算出實地狀況下的群落捕食速率。 大難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
解釋:本句對閱讀者的閱讀能力提出了更高的要求,不但要求讀者讀清楚句子的復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),而且對讀者的詞匯能力也提出了更高的要求。
By以前結(jié)構(gòu)無需解釋,by以后有兩個作介詞賓語短語的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu),measuring和后面表示并列和順接的and then之后的computing,說的是計算方法;前一個measuring說的是先算出實驗室中浮游動物品種的單位捕食速率,后面的computing前其實省略了一個by,而且在這個動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中還包括一個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)using the known population density of grazers,用已知的捕食者的種群密度計算出其野外的群體捕食速率。整個的by以后的計算過程簡單了就是:實驗室單位速率野外密度=野外群體速率
另外本句中的詞匯也頗有迷惑性;雖然沒有太難的單詞,但是很多單詞都是同義詞和反義詞,容易讓人讀混;(斜線分隔同義詞,冒號分隔反義詞)
estimate/measure/compute; feeding rates/grazing rates; zooplankton/grazers; natureal/field; laboratory community; individuall
意群訓(xùn)練:Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.
28. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the details versus constraints distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? (5) 以下哪一個選項最有可能為文章中談到的與人類行為有關(guān)的人類行為細節(jié)相對人類受限制之間的差異,從人類形態(tài)的角度上提供了一個合適的類比?
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋:本句子在有GRE或GMAT閱讀題的題干中是最難讀懂的題干之一。本句不但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,而且用詞抽象,使得讀者如果想根據(jù)語義來搞清楚誰修飾誰,也變得極為困難。分析如下:本句的主干是Which of the following provides an analogy for the details versus constraints distinction?. Versus是一個介詞,等于against,即體育比賽中的VS。其他的有成分均是一些修飾成分。其中一個對答題最重要的限制條件是from human morphology, 說明這種類比的比較雙方比的必須是人類形態(tài)上的特征。
意群訓(xùn)練:Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the details versus constraints distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?
29. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae. (3+)
在存在大量食草動物的同時卻只有少量的水藻花粉囊,這暗示出但沒能證明食草動物已吞噬了大部分水藻。 大難句類型:插入語
解釋:本句主語很長,而且謂語suggested與that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句間被插入語but did not prove隔開,造成閱讀障礙。當(dāng)suggest與but did not prove連在一起使用的時候,其意思不是建議,而是指一種基于主觀臆測的推理,中文翻譯成暗示。其英文釋義為:to call to mind by though or association the explosion suggested sabotage。GRE、GMAT及LSAT文章中,常用suggest,but do not prove來描述一種沒有真憑實據(jù)、可能有問題的理論,然后在后面的敘述中把它否定掉。 意群訓(xùn)練:A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.
30. Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net , a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
(5)可能這樣一個事實,那就是很多這樣的最初的研究只是考慮了那些能夠用網(wǎng)撈起來的大小的水藻,這樣一個忽視了更小的浮游生物(而這些浮游生物我們現(xiàn)在知道是捕食者主要的食物)的做法,導(dǎo)致了在接下來的研究中對于捕食者的作用的貶低。難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語
解釋:句子的結(jié)構(gòu)繁雜。句子的主語令人吃驚地長,在最后一個逗號后的led以前,全是主語!其實句子的主干簡單,就是the fact led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers。但是本句的主語the fact后面的修飾成分長得嚇人,先是個定語從句;定語從句中又套了一個定語從句。然后逗號后面的a practice引導(dǎo)的部分是前面的主語的同位語兼任插入語,practice后面的修飾它的一大堆東西又是定語從句套著定語從句。本句是典型的層層修飾結(jié)構(gòu)。
意群訓(xùn)練:Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net, a pratice that overlooked the smaller that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
31. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. (5)
由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)進行的研究,對自然條件下的群落捕食速率進行了估計,其手段是通過測量出實驗室內(nèi)單獨的浮游動物種類的捕食速率,然后利用已知的食草動物種群密度,計算出實地狀況下的群落捕食速率。 大難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾
解釋:本句對閱讀者的閱讀能力提出了更高的要求,不但要求讀者讀清楚句子的復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),而且對讀者的詞匯能力也提出了更高的要求。
By以前結(jié)構(gòu)無需解釋,by以后有兩個作介詞賓語短語的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu),measuring和后面表示并列和順接的and then之后的computing,說的是計算方法;前一個measuring說的是先算出實驗室中浮游動物品種的單位捕食速率,后面的computing前其實省略了一個by,而且在這個動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中還包括一個分詞結(jié)構(gòu)using the known population density of grazers,用已知的捕食者的種群密度計算出其野外的群體捕食速率。整個的by以后的計算過程簡單了就是:實驗室單位速率野外密度=野外群體速率
另外本句中的詞匯也頗有迷惑性;雖然沒有太難的單詞,但是很多單詞都是同義詞和反義詞,容易讓人讀混;(斜線分隔同義詞,冒號分隔反義詞)
estimate/measure/compute; feeding rates/grazing rates; zooplankton/grazers; natureal/field; laboratory community; individuall
意群訓(xùn)練:Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.