職稱英語理工類詞匯復(fù)習(xí)資料
非謂語動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)名詞
1.定義:動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語轉(zhuǎn)換而成的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),其構(gòu)成的形式是在動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語的動(dòng)詞后面加上ing
2.動(dòng)能:
動(dòng)名詞在句中起名詞的作用,可用作主語、表語、賓語和定語等。
1.作主語
e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)像跑那么快。
e.g.Talking about it is no use./談?wù)摯耸虏o用處。
2.作表語
e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我們的任務(wù)是編計(jì)算機(jī)程序。
3.作賓語
e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他們上周開始學(xué)習(xí)心理學(xué)了。
e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/請(qǐng)等一會(huì)兒好嗎?
4.作定語
e.gThese dialogues may be used as listening materials./這些對(duì)話可用作聽力材料。
3.考點(diǎn):
動(dòng)名詞在職稱英語中往往不是不直接進(jìn)行考察,而是把動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)放在英語的句子中,然后考察考生對(duì)句含動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的這個(gè)句子的句意的準(zhǔn)確了解。所以,考生在復(fù)習(xí)中主要需要弄清楚動(dòng)名詞在英語句子中的四種語法功能。
4.與分詞的區(qū)別:定語
現(xiàn)在分詞由原形動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成,如designing,leaving,stopping等現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí),表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)狀。由此可見現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在形上相似??忌枰軈^(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和動(dòng)名詞作定語的情況。
Give the note to theloudly-speakingman/請(qǐng)把便條交給坐在正在高聲說話的人。
I,d like to buy a washingmaching./我想要一臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)。
小結(jié):動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示所修飾的名詞的功能/用語,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
5.常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
6.動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法:
be busy/active doinz sth.
句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggledoing sth.
Its no good/use doing sth.
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/gooddoing sth.
cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth.
不定式
1.單個(gè)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語,謂語用單數(shù)的形式,但是并列的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù),如:
To go to schoolis his dream.上學(xué)是他的夢(mèng)想。
To go to school and to stay away from his cruel fatherale were what he expected-他期望能去上學(xué),遠(yuǎn)離他殘忍的父親。
2.跟在名詞后面作定語,如:
the ability to operate the machine操作機(jī)器的能力the firstpeople to speak第一個(gè)發(fā)育的人
3.跟在be動(dòng)詞的后面作表語,如:
What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeingaround Be.jing.我想做的是在北京觀光旅行。
4.跟在及物動(dòng)詞的后面作其賓語
I enjoy talking to you.能和你談話我真高興。
They dont permit smokingin the public places.他們不允許在公眾場(chǎng)合吸煙。
5.對(duì)賓語的性質(zhì),特征等進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明,作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如:
We have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一我們已經(jīng)說服他接受了我們的建議。
在使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的后面常帶不to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:
havesb.do sthhelp sb.do sth.
6.作狀語。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中通常充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語和目的狀語。如:
He spent much time on his studies to be a top student.一為了成為班上的優(yōu)等生,他在學(xué)習(xí)上花了很多的時(shí)間He came there to find his friends had left.他到了那里結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他的朋友已經(jīng)走了。
7.作為主語補(bǔ)足語,補(bǔ)充說明主語的性質(zhì),特征等,如:
He is supposed to come heretomorrow.他應(yīng)該明天到這里。
He is said to have great talent for art.據(jù)說他在藝術(shù)方面很有才華。
8.常接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞:
agree,afford,aim,arrange,appear,ask,attempt,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine.expect,fail,guarantee,hope,endeavor,intend,long,mean,manage,offer,,plan,pledge,pretend,promise,proceed,prove,resolve,refuse,request,swear,tend,try,wait,wish
9.不定式的習(xí)慣用法:
句型:cannot choose but docanl help but
can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do
might as wellwould rather
難點(diǎn)解析
1.接不定式或動(dòng)名詞在意思上有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞:
fmean to do想要propose to do打算
mean doing意味propose doing建議
fforget to do忘記remember to do記得
forget doing忘記remember doing記得
regret to do遺憾go on to do繼而
regret doing后悔go on doing繼續(xù)
fstop to do停下來去做另一件事
stop doing停止正在做的事
2.下列動(dòng)詞短語中的to是介詞,后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞或名詞:
object to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to.be ex.
posed to,be subjected to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to.be contrary to
非謂語動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)名詞
1.定義:動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語轉(zhuǎn)換而成的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),其構(gòu)成的形式是在動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語的動(dòng)詞后面加上ing
2.動(dòng)能:
動(dòng)名詞在句中起名詞的作用,可用作主語、表語、賓語和定語等。
1.作主語
e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)像跑那么快。
e.g.Talking about it is no use./談?wù)摯耸虏o用處。
2.作表語
e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我們的任務(wù)是編計(jì)算機(jī)程序。
3.作賓語
e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他們上周開始學(xué)習(xí)心理學(xué)了。
e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/請(qǐng)等一會(huì)兒好嗎?
4.作定語
e.gThese dialogues may be used as listening materials./這些對(duì)話可用作聽力材料。
3.考點(diǎn):
動(dòng)名詞在職稱英語中往往不是不直接進(jìn)行考察,而是把動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)放在英語的句子中,然后考察考生對(duì)句含動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的這個(gè)句子的句意的準(zhǔn)確了解。所以,考生在復(fù)習(xí)中主要需要弄清楚動(dòng)名詞在英語句子中的四種語法功能。
4.與分詞的區(qū)別:定語
現(xiàn)在分詞由原形動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成,如designing,leaving,stopping等現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí),表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)狀。由此可見現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在形上相似??忌枰軈^(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞作定語和動(dòng)名詞作定語的情況。
Give the note to theloudly-speakingman/請(qǐng)把便條交給坐在正在高聲說話的人。
I,d like to buy a washingmaching./我想要一臺(tái)洗衣機(jī)。
小結(jié):動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示所修飾的名詞的功能/用語,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
5.常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
6.動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法:
be busy/active doinz sth.
句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggledoing sth.
Its no good/use doing sth.
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/gooddoing sth.
cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth.
不定式
1.單個(gè)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語,謂語用單數(shù)的形式,但是并列的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù),如:
To go to schoolis his dream.上學(xué)是他的夢(mèng)想。
To go to school and to stay away from his cruel fatherale were what he expected-他期望能去上學(xué),遠(yuǎn)離他殘忍的父親。
2.跟在名詞后面作定語,如:
the ability to operate the machine操作機(jī)器的能力the firstpeople to speak第一個(gè)發(fā)育的人
3.跟在be動(dòng)詞的后面作表語,如:
What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeingaround Be.jing.我想做的是在北京觀光旅行。
4.跟在及物動(dòng)詞的后面作其賓語
I enjoy talking to you.能和你談話我真高興。
They dont permit smokingin the public places.他們不允許在公眾場(chǎng)合吸煙。
5.對(duì)賓語的性質(zhì),特征等進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明,作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如:
We have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一我們已經(jīng)說服他接受了我們的建議。
在使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的后面常帶不to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:
havesb.do sthhelp sb.do sth.
6.作狀語。不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中通常充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語和目的狀語。如:
He spent much time on his studies to be a top student.一為了成為班上的優(yōu)等生,他在學(xué)習(xí)上花了很多的時(shí)間He came there to find his friends had left.他到了那里結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他的朋友已經(jīng)走了。
7.作為主語補(bǔ)足語,補(bǔ)充說明主語的性質(zhì),特征等,如:
He is supposed to come heretomorrow.他應(yīng)該明天到這里。
He is said to have great talent for art.據(jù)說他在藝術(shù)方面很有才華。
8.常接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞:
agree,afford,aim,arrange,appear,ask,attempt,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine.expect,fail,guarantee,hope,endeavor,intend,long,mean,manage,offer,,plan,pledge,pretend,promise,proceed,prove,resolve,refuse,request,swear,tend,try,wait,wish
9.不定式的習(xí)慣用法:
句型:cannot choose but docanl help but
can do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to do
might as wellwould rather
難點(diǎn)解析
1.接不定式或動(dòng)名詞在意思上有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞:
fmean to do想要propose to do打算
mean doing意味propose doing建議
fforget to do忘記remember to do記得
forget doing忘記remember doing記得
regret to do遺憾go on to do繼而
regret doing后悔go on doing繼續(xù)
fstop to do停下來去做另一件事
stop doing停止正在做的事
2.下列動(dòng)詞短語中的to是介詞,后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞或名詞:
object to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed to.be ex.
posed to,be subjected to,be devoted to,be dedicated to,be opposed to,be reconciled to.be contrary to