1981考研英語翻譯真題及答案解析

Section VI Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following into English. (10 points)

1. 這門課我們越學越喜歡。

2. 這家工廠只能供應我們所需要的百分之三十。

3. 他們一直談到入睡。

4. 許多人以為電是燃料，但事實上并非如此。

5. 我國的社會主義現代化是一項我們必須努力完成的任務。

翻譯：

Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (10 points)

1. The more I study the subject, the more I like it.

2. The factory can only supply thirty percent of what we need.

3. They did not stop talking until they fell asleep.

4. Many people think that electricity is a fuel; but, as a matter of fact, it is not.

5. The socialist modernization of our country is an important task that we must strive to fulfill.

Section VII English-Chinese Translation

Choose one of the following three passages and translate it into Chinese. (40 points)

(1)

The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政體的) State. It is one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (the Queen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a member of the European Community.

The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位) of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in England and Wales and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a self-governing country. The six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London —with an elected chamber comprising members from English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (選舉區) —therefore represents people sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and law-making, but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs of different areas.

England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law, different court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic matters, different government departments.

(2)

As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a by-product of their machines —namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more and more insistently, that something must be done about it.

To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather that late), and finally, technical knowledge.

Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple “noise-meter”, vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter.

Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next remedy is to absorb it on its way to the ear.

Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought and courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement. But if we are going to allow fast motor-cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuously trough residential and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take part in modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will impose at its airports — and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars.

(3)

About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun. What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed. He hesitated to make his discovery known. Meanwhile other scientists noticed the same lack of solar perfection and proclaimed (宣布) the fact.

But Galileo continued his observations and was soon rewarded with another discovery. Fixing his attention on a single sunspot (太陽黑子) group, he noticed that in a few days it had moved in position, just as if the sun itself were turning. Afterwards he found a sunspot group which lived long enough to disappear from view on the western limb (邊緣) of the sun, to re-appear on its eastern limb, and finally to regain its old position. This led him to conclude that the sun itself was rotating and that the time it took to make one complete turn was about twenty-five to twenty-seven days. Actually we know from the drawings which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he had gone on making his drawings in the years that immediately followed, we know that he would almost certainly have noticed that sunspots were becoming fewer and smaller. But he became interested in other things and so he failed to recognize that there is a kind of long-term cycle in sunspot activity, the sunspots increasing and decreasing as the years go on. Later this discovery of the sunspot activity was made by one of the most patient observers in the history of science, a German chemist, Charles Schwabe.

翻譯：

Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (40 points)

(1)

聯合王國是一個君主政體的國家。它是英聯邦內獨立的國家之一(女王被承認是英聯邦的首腦)，也是歐洲共同體的成員國。

聯合王國的起源和傳統可從組成它的四個部分——英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭——的各個部分找到。英格蘭在一千年前統一為一個王國，威爾士則于中世紀時成為這王國的一個組成部分。一六〇三年，英格蘭與蘇格蘭的王位合而為一;一七〇七年兩國通過立法，規定設立一個單一的、在英格蘭和威爾士以及在蘇格蘭均享有最高權力的大不列顛國會。愛爾蘭與英格蘭王國自十三世紀起已有聯系;一八〇〇年由于愛爾蘭國會并入大不列顛國會，聯合王國的創建便告完成。一九二二年，南愛爾蘭(現在的愛爾蘭共和國)成為一個自主的國家。北愛爾蘭的六個郡已于一九二〇年被授權成立自己的、在聯合王國國會之下的議會，并投票表決留在聯合王國內。

在倫敦威斯敏斯特的聯合王國國會——它有一個選舉出來的、由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭各地選區所產生的議員組成的議院——因此代表具有十分不同的背景和傳統的人民。它具有最高的政府權力和立法權，但在行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顧不同地區的特殊需要。

英格蘭和威爾士以及蘇格蘭兩者各有不同的法律制度，不同的法院系統，不同的教育制度，不同的地方政府制度，并且設有不同的政府部門來處理大部分的內部事務。

(2)

隨著更多的人住得更近，隨著他們使用各種機器而獲得閑暇，他們發現他們的空暇，甚至他們的工作時間都受到他們機器的一個副產品——即噪音——的嚴重影響。現在資訊報導中經常談論噪音;它已取得了政治地位，公眾輿論也越來越堅持要求采取一定措施來對付噪音。

要控制噪音就得要求很大程度的自我約束(使人煩惱的事常常是由于缺乏普通的禮貌引起的)，一種均衡感(如果要制止噪音，通常會引起利害沖突)，化錢(早化錢比晚化錢經濟得多)，最后還有技術知識。

技術往往是由于問題的主客觀性質引起的。你可以根據速度計上指針所指的讀數來確定一輛汽車的超速。可是，你能用同樣的方法來確定超量的噪音嗎?你會發現，被認為噪音相同的車輛，在任何現有的簡單“噪音計”上顯示的讀數可能大不相同。

雖然消除噪音的最理想方法是產生的根源處消滅它，但在很多情況下，這也許是不可能的。其次的補救辦法是將混音在它到達耳朵的過程中吸收掉。

家里的噪音或許可能通過事先的考慮與謙讓加以控制，工業噪音則可能通過良好的規劃與技術的改進加以控制。但是，如果我們允許高速摩托車與重型內燃機卡車經常不斷地通過住宅區與商業區，那么這些地區的全體居民就必須決定他們需要實行的控制措施，因為從長遠的觀點來看，他們必須為些付出代價。如果一個國家要有現代化的空中運輸，它必須參加國際噪音控制措施協定，這些措施它必須責成它的機場予以執行——而在這個問題上，任何真正控制措施的費用要以百萬美元來計算。

(3)

大約在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了臺望遠鏡，并用它來觀察太陽。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃驚又害怕，因為他看到太陽上有一些黑點，這使他立刻聯想到上帝創造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。他猶豫不決，不敢把他的發現公布于世。與此同時，其他的科學家也注意到太陽的這個缺陷，并宣布了這個事實。

但是，伽利略繼續進行觀測，不久，他的努力獲得了另一發現。他把注意力集中在一群太陽黑子上，他發現，在幾天內，這群黑子的位置起了變化，宛如太陽本身在轉動。后來，他發現有一群黑子在太陽西部的邊緣上停留了一段時間才消失，然后在太陽的東部邊緣上最后回復原位。此種現象導致他得出這樣的結論：太陽本身在旋轉，旋轉一周約需二十五到二十七天。直，我們從伽利略所畫的太陽黑子圖中知道，在一六一一和一六一二年他觀察太陽期間，一定曾出現過大量的太陽黑子。如果在隨后的幾年中，他繼續把這些太陽黑子描畫下來，我們相信，他大概一定會發現太陽黑子正在變得愈來愈少和愈來愈小。可是，那時候，他卻對其他事物發生的興趣，因此，他看不到在太陽黑子的活動中存在著一種長期的周期，隨著歲月的消逝，太陽黑子會時多時少。后來，發現太陽黑子活動周期的是人是科學史上最有耐心的觀察者之一——德國化學家查爾斯·許偉勃。

1981考研英語翻譯真題及答案解析

Section VI Chinese-English Translation

Translate the following into English. (10 points)

1. 這門課我們越學越喜歡。

2. 這家工廠只能供應我們所需要的百分之三十。

3. 他們一直談到入睡。

4. 許多人以為電是燃料，但事實上并非如此。

5. 我國的社會主義現代化是一項我們必須努力完成的任務。

翻譯：

Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (10 points)

1. The more I study the subject, the more I like it.

2. The factory can only supply thirty percent of what we need.

3. They did not stop talking until they fell asleep.

4. Many people think that electricity is a fuel; but, as a matter of fact, it is not.

5. The socialist modernization of our country is an important task that we must strive to fulfill.

Section VII English-Chinese Translation

Choose one of the following three passages and translate it into Chinese. (40 points)

(1)

The United Kingdom is a monarchical (君主政體的) State. It is one of the independent members of the Commonwealth (the Queen is recognized as head of the Commonwealth), and a member of the European Community.

The origins and traditions of the United Kingdom are to be found in each of the four parts that make up the country: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England was united as a kingdom a thousand years ago, and Wales became part of the kingdom during the middle ages. The thrones (王位) of England and Scotland were united in 1603, and in 1707 legislation passed in the two countries provided for the establishment of a single Parliament of Great Britain with supreme authority both in England and Wales and in Scotland. Ireland had had links with the kingdom of England since the thirteenth century, and in 1800 the creation of the United Kingdom was completed by a union joining the Irish Parliament to that of Great Britain. In 1922 Southern Ireland (now the Irish Republic) became a self-governing country. The six counties of Northern Ireland had in 1920 been given their own subordinate Parliament, and voted to remain within the United Kingdom.

The United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster in London —with an elected chamber comprising members from English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland constituencies (選舉區) —therefore represents people sharing very varied backgrounds and traditions. It has ultimate authority for government and law-making, but administrative arrangements have developed in such a way as to take account of the particular needs of different areas.

England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland on the other have different systems of law, different court systems, different education systems, different systems of local government and, for most domestic matters, different government departments.

(2)

As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a by-product of their machines —namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more and more insistently, that something must be done about it.

To control noise is to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather that late), and finally, technical knowledge.

Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motor-car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? You find that with any existing simple “noise-meter”, vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy may show considerable difference on the meter.

Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next remedy is to absorb it on its way to the ear.

Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought and courtesy, and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement. But if we are going to allow fast motor-cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuously trough residential and business districts, the community must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take part in modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will impose at its airports — and here the cost of any real control is to be measured in millions of dollars.

(3)

About 350 years ago Galileo made a telescope and looked through it at the sun. What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed. He hesitated to make his discovery known. Meanwhile other scientists noticed the same lack of solar perfection and proclaimed (宣布) the fact.

But Galileo continued his observations and was soon rewarded with another discovery. Fixing his attention on a single sunspot (太陽黑子) group, he noticed that in a few days it had moved in position, just as if the sun itself were turning. Afterwards he found a sunspot group which lived long enough to disappear from view on the western limb (邊緣) of the sun, to re-appear on its eastern limb, and finally to regain its old position. This led him to conclude that the sun itself was rotating and that the time it took to make one complete turn was about twenty-five to twenty-seven days. Actually we know from the drawings which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he had gone on making his drawings in the years that immediately followed, we know that he would almost certainly have noticed that sunspots were becoming fewer and smaller. But he became interested in other things and so he failed to recognize that there is a kind of long-term cycle in sunspot activity, the sunspots increasing and decreasing as the years go on. Later this discovery of the sunspot activity was made by one of the most patient observers in the history of science, a German chemist, Charles Schwabe.

翻譯：

Section VIII: English-Chinese Translation (40 points)

(1)

聯合王國是一個君主政體的國家。它是英聯邦內獨立的國家之一(女王被承認是英聯邦的首腦)，也是歐洲共同體的成員國。

聯合王國的起源和傳統可從組成它的四個部分——英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭——的各個部分找到。英格蘭在一千年前統一為一個王國，威爾士則于中世紀時成為這王國的一個組成部分。一六〇三年，英格蘭與蘇格蘭的王位合而為一;一七〇七年兩國通過立法，規定設立一個單一的、在英格蘭和威爾士以及在蘇格蘭均享有最高權力的大不列顛國會。愛爾蘭與英格蘭王國自十三世紀起已有聯系;一八〇〇年由于愛爾蘭國會并入大不列顛國會，聯合王國的創建便告完成。一九二二年，南愛爾蘭(現在的愛爾蘭共和國)成為一個自主的國家。北愛爾蘭的六個郡已于一九二〇年被授權成立自己的、在聯合王國國會之下的議會，并投票表決留在聯合王國內。

在倫敦威斯敏斯特的聯合王國國會——它有一個選舉出來的、由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭各地選區所產生的議員組成的議院——因此代表具有十分不同的背景和傳統的人民。它具有最高的政府權力和立法權，但在行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顧不同地區的特殊需要。

英格蘭和威爾士以及蘇格蘭兩者各有不同的法律制度，不同的法院系統，不同的教育制度，不同的地方政府制度，并且設有不同的政府部門來處理大部分的內部事務。

(2)

隨著更多的人住得更近，隨著他們使用各種機器而獲得閑暇，他們發現他們的空暇，甚至他們的工作時間都受到他們機器的一個副產品——即噪音——的嚴重影響。現在資訊報導中經常談論噪音;它已取得了政治地位，公眾輿論也越來越堅持要求采取一定措施來對付噪音。

要控制噪音就得要求很大程度的自我約束(使人煩惱的事常常是由于缺乏普通的禮貌引起的)，一種均衡感(如果要制止噪音，通常會引起利害沖突)，化錢(早化錢比晚化錢經濟得多)，最后還有技術知識。

技術往往是由于問題的主客觀性質引起的。你可以根據速度計上指針所指的讀數來確定一輛汽車的超速。可是，你能用同樣的方法來確定超量的噪音嗎?你會發現，被認為噪音相同的車輛，在任何現有的簡單“噪音計”上顯示的讀數可能大不相同。

雖然消除噪音的最理想方法是產生的根源處消滅它，但在很多情況下，這也許是不可能的。其次的補救辦法是將混音在它到達耳朵的過程中吸收掉。

家里的噪音或許可能通過事先的考慮與謙讓加以控制，工業噪音則可能通過良好的規劃與技術的改進加以控制。但是，如果我們允許高速摩托車與重型內燃機卡車經常不斷地通過住宅區與商業區，那么這些地區的全體居民就必須決定他們需要實行的控制措施，因為從長遠的觀點來看，他們必須為些付出代價。如果一個國家要有現代化的空中運輸，它必須參加國際噪音控制措施協定，這些措施它必須責成它的機場予以執行——而在這個問題上，任何真正控制措施的費用要以百萬美元來計算。

(3)

大約在三百五十年前，伽利略制造了臺望遠鏡，并用它來觀察太陽。他所看到的景象使他感到既吃驚又害怕，因為他看到太陽上有一些黑點，這使他立刻聯想到上帝創造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美。他猶豫不決，不敢把他的發現公布于世。與此同時，其他的科學家也注意到太陽的這個缺陷，并宣布了這個事實。

但是，伽利略繼續進行觀測，不久，他的努力獲得了另一發現。他把注意力集中在一群太陽黑子上，他發現，在幾天內，這群黑子的位置起了變化，宛如太陽本身在轉動。后來，他發現有一群黑子在太陽西部的邊緣上停留了一段時間才消失，然后在太陽的東部邊緣上最后回復原位。此種現象導致他得出這樣的結論：太陽本身在旋轉，旋轉一周約需二十五到二十七天。直，我們從伽利略所畫的太陽黑子圖中知道，在一六一一和一六一二年他觀察太陽期間，一定曾出現過大量的太陽黑子。如果在隨后的幾年中，他繼續把這些太陽黑子描畫下來，我們相信，他大概一定會發現太陽黑子正在變得愈來愈少和愈來愈小。可是，那時候，他卻對其他事物發生的興趣，因此，他看不到在太陽黑子的活動中存在著一種長期的周期，隨著歲月的消逝，太陽黑子會時多時少。后來，發現太陽黑子活動周期的是人是科學史上最有耐心的觀察者之一——德國化學家查爾斯·許偉勃。