Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

　　Ⅰ.聯想記憶(根據提示寫出相應的詞匯以及相關短語)

　　1．call up給……打電話→call_off 取消；掛斷電話→call at登門拜訪

　　2．now and then偶爾→from time to time偶爾；有時

　　3．set_about著手；開始→set_out to do/get down to (doing) sth.著手做某事

　　4．convenient adj.便利的；方便的→If it_is_convenient_for sb.如果方便……

　　5．associate vt.聯想；聯系→be associated_with把……和……聯系起來

　　6．hang_on不掛斷；稍等→hang up掛斷

　　7．out of order發生故障→break_down/go wrong出故障

　　8．get_through設法聯系上；(設法)做完；通過→go through經歷；用光；花完

　　9．merciful adj.仁慈的→be at_the_mercy_of受……支配

　　10．seize vt.抓住→seize the chance抓住機會

　　11．jam n．堵塞→traffic_jam交通阻塞

　　Ⅱ.構詞記憶(根據提示寫出相應的詞匯及其派生詞)

　　1．distinguish vt. & vi.顯示……的差別→distinguished adj.出色的

　　2．mercy n．仁慈→merciful adj.仁慈的→merciless adj.無情的

　　3．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．方便

　　4．recognize vt.認出→recognition n．認出

　　5．innocent adj.清白的；無罪的→innocence n．清白

　　6．practice n．實踐→practical adj.實踐的；實用的

　　7．extend vi.延伸→extension n．擴大；延伸

　　8．competent adj.有能力的→competence n．能力

　　Ⅲ.語境填詞(根據提示用適當的單詞或短語填空)

　　1．I called_him_up(打電話給他) several times before I finally got_through(打通), but he said he would call_me_back(打回來) some time later and rang_off(掛斷).

　　2．I couldn’t bear(忍受) his pretended innocent(無辜的) look. I dived_into(迅速把手伸入) his bag and took out the pen I lost.

　　3．When he wanted to set_out(動身), he found his car out_of_order(出故障) because of the freezing(寒冷的) weather.

　　4．If you want to find a stable(穩定的) position here, you should seize(抓住) every opportunity to get the recognition(認可) of the team.

　　5．Inventions of great significance are often associated(聯系) with great persons, but actually, ordinary people also have a lot of practical(實用的) ideas to make our life easier.

　　Ⅳ.語境記憶(背誦語段，記憶單元詞匯)

　　He called up the personnel for identification，but out of his expectation，he couldn’t get through to it.He rang back again，and at last he rang off.

　　Ⅴ.課文原句背誦

　　1．But once_picked_up,_they tried to bite me.

　　但是一旦我把它們拿起來，它們就試圖咬我。

　　2．Nor_will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else’s.如果調查發現你的產品和別人的沒什么區別你也得不到專利。

　　3．The criteria are so_strict_that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.

　　(評定)專利標準是很嚴格的，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則它們很難被接受。

　　Ⅰ.單項填空

　　1．“It’s such a nice place.” Mother said as she sat at the table________for customers.

　　(2024·浙江，11)

　　A．to be reserved

　　B．having reserved

　　C．reserving

　　D．reserved

　　答案　D

　　解析　reserve和謂語動詞sat之間沒有連詞，故用非謂語，且和其邏輯主語the table構成被動關系，故用過去分詞表示被動、完成的概念，在句子中作后置定語。

　　(考查單元語法)

　　2．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional________.

　　(2011·江蘇，27)

　　A．consequence

　　B．independence

　　C．competence

　　D．intelligence

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意為：教師必須不斷更新知識來保持他們的專業能力。consequence后果，結果；independence獨立；competence能力，技能；勝任；intelligence智力，智慧，才智。由句意可知選C項。

　　(教材原句：I have got experience in designing new projects and developed good professional competence in my subjects.)

　　3．Alexander tried to get his work________in the medical circles.(2010·遼寧，35)

　　A．to recognize

　　B．recognizing

　　C．recognize

　　D．recognized

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意為：亞歷山大努力想讓他的工作在醫學領域得到認可。get/have sth.done為固定用法，意為“使某事被……”，sth.與done之間為被動關系。故選D。此處recognize意為“認可，賞識”。

　　(考查單元語法)

　　4．I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond________.

　　(2010·安徽，25)

　　A．hearing

　　B．strength

　　C．recognition

　　D．measure

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意為：自從Sara長大后，我就一直沒見過她，我簡直認不出她來了。beyond recognition意思是“辨認不出來”。A、B、D三項不符合題意。

　　(教材原句：In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty.)

　　5．Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one________first is the library.

　　(2010·重慶，34)

　　A．repaired

　　B．being repaired

　　C．repairing

　　D．to be repaired

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意為：在這座城市里許多建筑需要整修，但是第一個要整修的是圖書館。repaired已經整修；being repaired正在整修；to be repaired將要整修。圖書館要整修但還沒有整修，也不是正在整修，因此用to be repaired。

　　(考查單元語法)

　　Ⅱ.完形、閱讀——英譯漢

　　1．You may choose any theme you like. However, you should bear in mind an essential point. The topic you choose should not be too narrow.

　　(2024·江西·閱讀表達)

　　你可以選擇任何你喜歡的主題。然而，您應該牢記一個關鍵點：選擇的題目不應過于狹窄。

　　2．China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution.

　　(2011·廣東·閱讀D)

　　比如，中國已經將其思想放在引領市場上，希望能在新的一輪全球能源革命中抓住機會。

　　3．In college, Spring Break(春假)is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends.

　　(2011·天津·閱讀表達)

　　在大學，春假通常與海灘，聚會和不眠之夜聯系起來，讓大家放松、自由并交朋友。

　　Ⅲ.書面表達——漢譯英

　　1．然而，它們也造成了一些問題，如空氣污染和交通堵塞。(jam)

　　(2011·江西·寫作)

　　However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.

　　2．然而，當事情超出我的能力，我會向我的同學或老師尋求幫助。(competence)

　　(2011·安徽·書面表達)

　　However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.

　　歷年高考熱點：competence，recognition，

　　bear，seize，associate，jam等的用法。

　　2024考點預測：distinguish，convenient，call up，

　　get through，hang on，now and then等的用法。

　　1

　　雙語釋義 v．區分；辨別；分清(recognize the difference between)；成為……的特征(be characteristic)；使有別于

　　學情診斷

　　(1)句型轉換

　　①The boy could not distinguish cotton from wool.

　　→The boy could not distinguish between cotton and wool.

　　②She distinguished herself by her coolness and bravery.

　　→She was distinguished for her coolness and bravery.

　　(2)He is color-blind and can’t ________red from green.

　　A．distinguish

　　B．discover

　　C．forecast

　　D．recognize

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意為：他是個色盲，分不清紅綠色。distinguish辨別，分清，符合句意。

　　discover發現；forecast預測；recognize認出。

　　歸納拓展

　　distinguish between...and...＝distinguish...from...

　　區分……與……；辨別……與……

　　distinguish oneself顯揚自己；使自己揚名

　　distinguished adj.杰出的；著名的

　　be distinguished for因……而著稱

　　be distinguished by以……為特征

　　be distinguished from不同于……

　　2

　　雙語釋義 adj.方便的；便利的；就近的(easy or quick to do or get to a place)

　　學情診斷

　　(1)用適當的介、副詞填空

　　①I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience.

　　②Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?

　　③Please send me an answer at your convenience.

　　(2)If it is quite________for you, we will call on our former English teacher next Sunday.

　　A．convenient

　　B．fair

　　C．easy

　　D．comfortable

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查形容詞辨析。句意為：如果對你來說方便，我們將在下周日拜訪我們以前的英語老師。根據下文的意思可知，此處應該是問“方便不方便”，所以用A項。be convenient for sb.對某人來說方便。

　　歸納拓展

　　convenience n.方便；便利；便利的事物?或設施?

　　sth.be convenient for sb./sth.對某人/物來說……是方便的

　　It is convenient ?for sb.? to do sth.?某人?方便做某事

　　for convenience 為了方便起見

　　at one’s convenience在某人方便時

　　for the convenience of sb.為了某人的方便

　　易錯提示

　　convenient作表語時，不能用表示人的名詞或代詞作主語，多用于“It is convenient for sb.to do sth.”及“sth.be convenient for sb.”結構中。

　　3

　　雙語釋義 給……打電話(ring up)；征召入伍(draft)；使回憶起(recall)

　　學情診斷

　　(1)同義詞語替換

　　I’ll call_the_manager_up tomorrow.ring_up_the_manager

　　(2)用適當的介、副詞填空

　　①The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood.

　　②The game was called off because of bad weather.

　　③Call out the numbers so that we can hear them at the back.

　　④Why don’t you call on my sister when you’re in Brighton?

　　⑤I’ll call for you at 8 o’clock and we’ll go there together.

　　⑥Cars with serious faults have been called in by the manufacturers.

　　歸納拓展

　　call off取消,call in召回；叫來；請來

　　call out大聲說出；下令出動

　　call for去接某人；需要

　　call on拜訪；要求；號召

　　4

　　雙語釋義 (設法)做完(manage to do or complete)；通過(be officially accepted)；接通電話(contact sb. by telephone)；度過(時間)；用完，耗盡(use up)；使某人理解(make sb. understand)

　　學情診斷

　　(1)寫出下列句子中get through的漢語意思

　　①I tried to ring my girlfriend but I couldn’t get through.接通電話

　　②We got through a fortune while we were in New York！花掉

　　③She got all her students through the exam.通過

　　(2)—Have you ________？

　　—No.I had the wrong number.

　　A．got in

　　B．got away

　　C．got off

　　D．got through

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意為：——你打通電話了？——沒有，我撥錯號碼了。get through打通電話。

　　歸納拓展

　　get across被理解；使人了解

　　get down to開始認真注意?或對待某事??to為介詞?

　　get over克服

　　get around/round到處走動；傳播出去

　　5

　　雙語釋義 不掛斷；稍等(hold on)；緊緊握住(hold tightly)；堅持，不放棄(continue doing，not give up)

　　學情診斷

　　(1)同義詞語替換

　　①Hang_on—I’m not quite ready.Hold_on

　　②Can you hang_on？I’ll see if he’s here.hold_on

　　③Hang_on_to the rope and don’t let go.Hold_on_to

　　(2)用適當的介、副詞填空

　　①There are always kids hanging about/around in the streets.

　　②I know you’re tired，but try to hang on a bit longer.

　　③Don’t hang back—go and introduce yourself.

　　④After I hung up I remembered what I’d wanted to say.

　　歸納拓展

　　hang about/around閑逛；閑蕩

　　hang back/hold back畏縮；猶豫

　　hang on to sth./hold on to sth.抓緊某物；保留，不賣掉；不放棄

　　hang up/ring off掛斷電話

　　6

　　雙語釋義 偶爾；有時(from time to time；occasionally)

　　學情診斷

　　(1)完成句子

　　①She likes to go to the cinema now_and_then.

　　她偶爾喜歡去看電影。

　　②From_now_on I’ll try to do better.

　　從現在起，我要盡量做得更好。

　　③In order to relax themselves，they go to the seaside from_time_to_time.

　　為了放松，他們不時到海邊去。

　　(2)We call each other________，even if there is not much to say.

　　A．by and by

　　B．now and then

　　C．step by step

　　D．more or less

　　答案　B

　　歸納拓展

　　from time to time有時，不時

　　?every? now and again時而，有時

　　from now on從現在開始，今后

　　just now剛才

　　by now/until now/up to now截止到現在

　　1. Follow it up， explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.

　　跟蹤下去，不斷探索，不知不覺中你就會發現某種值得思考的東西盤踞著你的頭腦。

　　學情診斷

　　(1)Make_another_effort，and you’ll succeed.