《閱讀理解特訓：3真2模含解析》2024屆高三英語二輪突破15

　　C7 [2024·江蘇卷]

　　B

　　We've considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票販子)，or purchasing line－cutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)．

　　Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主義的)appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.

　　The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it's the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.

　　Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.

　　But don't take the recorded message too seriously.Today, some people's calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.

　　Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non－market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queue－jumping schemes we've considered—at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors' offices，and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.

　　58．According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come，first served”？

　　A．Taking buses.

　　B．Buying houses.

　　C．Flying with an airline.

　　D．Visiting amusement parks.

　　59．The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates

　　________．

　　A．the necessity of patience in queuing

　　B．the advantage of modern technology

　　C．the uncertainty of allocation principle

　　D．the fairness of telephonic services

　　60．The passage is meant to

　　________．

　　A．justify paying for faster services

　　B．discuss the morals of allocating things

　　C．analyze the reason for standing in line

　　D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping

　　【要點綜述】 本文是一篇議論文，主要講述的是生活中購物買票等的插隊問題。作者通過舉例、道理分析來解讀道德和市場的平衡問題，要想得到快速的服務，就要額外付出更多的費用，由此對在道德和市場競爭之間產生的矛盾進行探討。

　　58．A　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“First come, first served…”和第三段“The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知選A項。

　　59．C　細節判斷題。根據第四段“Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有時分配的原則是不斷變化的，也就是說分配原則的不確定性，故選C項。

　　60．B　作者意圖題。本文主要闡述了如何進行分配，討論了基于分配原則的可變性的道德標準，故選B項。

　　C7 [2024·江西卷]

　　B

　　When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (確保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.

　　More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.

　　Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build－up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.

　　61．According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?

　　A.

　　By solving the cost problems.

　　B. By solving the transportation problems.

　　C.

　　By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.

　　D.

　　By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.

　　62．What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?

　　A. Providing food is vital.

　　B. Learning to fish is helpful.

　　C. Teaching skills is essential.

　　D. Looking after others is important.

　　63．The second paragraph is developed mainly________．

　　A. by example

　　B. by process

　　C. by comparison

　　D. by contrast

　　64．Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?

　　A. A medical team.

　　B. An exchange program.

　　C. A water plant.

　　D. Financial support.

　　65．What can we infer about international aid from the passage?

　　A. It is facing difficulties.

　　B. It is unnecessary during normal times.

　　C. It should be given in the form of materials.

　　D. It has gained support from developed countries.

　　【要點綜述】 本文主要就給他國提供援助一事，提議“授人以魚，不如授人以漁”，建議不如與他國分享知識及技術。

　　61. C　考查細節理解。由第一段最后一句“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.”可知作者認為聯合國可在每個國家設立一個捐助機構。

　　62. C　考查推理判斷。由畫線句后面的內容“If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another.”可知我們要教會欠發達國家的人們照顧他們自己，在畫線句子中，作者試圖要表達的是教給他們技能是重要的。

　　63. A　考查推理判斷。由第二段第三句后“For example…”后的內容可知，本段通過舉例子來說明“授人以魚，不如授人以漁”這一觀點。

　　64. D　考查細節理解。由最后一段倒數第二句“Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run…”可知經濟的支持是暫時的。

　　65. A　考查推理判斷。根據第一段的內容“When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (確保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple…Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time.”可推出國際援助要到達受助人手中不容易，涉及開銷以及時間等問題，由此可推斷國際援助正面臨著困難。

　　C7 [2024·遼寧卷]

　　B

　　Going green seems to be a fad(時尚) for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad, we can't really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.

　　On April 22，2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.

　　With the idea of going green every single day for a year, Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.

　　Over the course of Our Green Year, we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic(有機的) stores.We consume less meat, choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we don't need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home－made fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.

　　Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.

　　60．What might be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Going Green

　　B．Protecting the Planet

　　C．Keeping Open－Minded

　　D．Celebrating Our Green Year

　　61．It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because

　　________．

　　A．they were expected to follow the green fad

　　B．they didn't know how to educate other people

　　C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy

　　D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks

　　62．What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?

　　A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits.

　　B．They ignored others' ungreen behavior.

　　C．They chose better chemical cleaners.

　　D．They sold their home－made food.

　　63．What can we infer from the last paragraph?

　　A．The government will give support to the green project.

　　B．The couple may continue their project in the future.

　　C．Some people disagree with the couple's green ideas.

　　D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign.

　　【要點綜述】 本文是記敘文，主要講一對夫婦在一年時間里做不同支持環保的事情，保護環境和地球。

　　60．A　主旨大意題。文章第一段提出本文主題“對我們來說，支持環保 (Going green)不是時尚而是生活方式”，所以選A。

　　61．D　細節理解題。第二段第二句“這意味著做365件不同的環保事情”，說明他們困難的原因是需要做不同的環保任務，所以選D。

　　62．A　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段第一句“我們完全改變了生活習慣”及倒數第二段剩下的內容可知選A。

　　63．B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中描述“我們思想已經在改變，我們相信我們的確有能力改變，幫助這個星球”，說明這對夫婦將來還會繼續他們的計劃。

　　C7 [2024·山東卷]

　　D

　　Sparrow is a fast－food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.

　　Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast－food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.

　　Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain's owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy's restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers' spending power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.

　　The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast－food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intension was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.

　　Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (營業額)．

　　These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast－food chains in the regions where it operated.

　　71．Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?

　　A. The number of its customers was declining.

　　B. Its customers found the food unhealthy.

　　C. It was in need of financial support.

　　D. Most of its restaurants were closed.

　　72．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A．Customers of Sparrow restaurants.

　　B．Sparrow restaurants.

　　C．Customers of other fast－food chains.

　　D．Other fast－food chains.

　　73．For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?

　　A．To build a good relationship with the public.

　　B．To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.

　　C．To learn about customers' spending power.

　　D．To meet the challenge from Marcy's restaurants.

　　74．The TV ads of Sparrow ________．

　　A．changed people's views on pop stars