安徽省明光英普輔導中心高考英語二輪復習精品課件:定語從句與狀語從句
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 三、幾種讓步狀語從句的用法區別 1.though, although, as引導的讓步狀語從句的區別 although引導正常語序的讓步狀語從句;though既可以引導正常語序的讓步狀語從句,也可以引導倒裝語序的讓步狀語從句;as引導倒裝語序的讓步狀語從句。 Although/ though he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. as引導讓步狀語從句時,要把作表語的形容詞、名詞,作狀語的副詞或謂語的一部分提到句首,如果是單數名詞作表語,把它提到句首時,其前不用冠詞。分為以下幾類: (1)“名詞+as+主語+其他”構成讓步狀語從句,單數名詞前不加冠詞。 Scientist as he is, he is still as modest as before, which always moves all the people who know him.(不能用although, scientist前不用冠詞) (2)“動詞+as+主語+其他”構成讓步狀語從句。 Struggle as he might, he was not able to get out.(不能用although) (3)形容詞+as+主語+其他。 Crazy though/as his ideas may sound, some people think there is something in them.(不能用although) (4)副詞+as+主語+謂語。 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.(不能用although) 2.表示“不管……還是……”用whether...or...來引導讓步狀語從句。 Whether you like the job or not, you have to do it right now. ◆拓展 其他形式的讓步狀語從句 讓步狀語從句還可以由下列的詞來引導: no matter how/what/who/when/where...這幾個短語的意思是“不論怎樣(什么,誰,什么時候,什么地方)”,相當于however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever...。 no matter how+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語=however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語,表示“無論……”。 We will solve the problem, no matter how hard it is.=We will solve the problem, however hard it is. ◆點撥 用although, though,還是as,關鍵是要看句子結構:是正常語序還是倒裝語序。 典例 (新課標卷,22)Try ________ she might, Sue couldn't get the door open. A.if
B.when C.since
D.as 解析:D 本題考查連詞的用法。句意:盡管蘇嘗試了,但她還是打不開門。根據句子結構可知,本題考查as引導的讓步狀語從句,要用倒裝語序。其結構為:動詞/名詞/形容詞/副詞+as+主語+謂語,故D項正確。 【2024浙江卷】17. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 【考點】定語從句 【答案】B 【解析】who引導非限定性定語從句,在從句中做主語,修飾先行詞Ellen(人名)。Which修行先行詞是物的定語從句;whom修飾先行詞為人,且在從句中做賓語;where修飾先行詞是地點名詞,且在從句中地點狀語,均不符合語境,故排除。 【難度】中等 【2024四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom
B. in them
C. of whom
D. of them 答案與解析】 C
本題考查定語從句。前后兩句話之間無連詞,故不能用人稱代詞them而應用關系代詞whom引導定語從句;在46個學生當中,表所屬,應用of。故答案選C。 【2024全國II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that
B. which
C. what
D. when 【答案】B 【解析】這里that evening是先行詞,其在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語,所以用which。句意:以后我將和你談起的那個晚上,我工作到了很晚?!究键c定位】考查非限制性定語從句的關系詞。 【2024重慶卷】30.—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can’t ______you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. A. until
B. before
C. to consider
D. unless 【考點】狀語從句 【答案】 C 【解析】短語語境表示“抱歉,你不能繼續訓練因為你膝蓋受的傷還沒有恢復?!庇纱丝芍?,空白處后面為原因狀語從句,C選項符合題意。因此,正確答案為C選項。 【難度】一般 【2024福建卷】30. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union. A. if B. unless C. because
D. since 【考點】考查從句的連詞 【答案】B 【解析】根據句意可知“除非有來自歐洲聯盟的更多的經濟支持,否則希臘政府很難克服目前的困難”,只能選擇unless“除非”才能使句意完整??疾闋钫Z從句的連詞題事實上非常簡單,只要找到句中的關鍵詞,然后從句意上去排除就行了,本題關鍵詞是hard和more financial support。 【難度】中等
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高考英語二輪復習:定語從句與狀語從句課件 定語從句 一、定語從句與并列句的區別 請觀察下面三個句子: 1.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ______ disappointed his mother. Z
x
x
k 2.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and ______ disappointed his mother. 3.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination;
______ disappointed his mother. 第一句話:句中有逗號,根據句意可知,空白處的內容應該指的是前面整個句子的內容,是對前文信息的補充說明,因此,此句是非限制性定語從句,用關系代詞which; Z
x
x
k 第二句話:句中有并列連詞and,因此整個句子是一個并列句,所以可以用代詞it指代前面句子的內容。 第三句話:句中有分號,這表明整個句子是一個并列句,因此可以用代詞it指代前面句子的內容。
◆技巧Z
x
x
k 判斷是定語從句還是并列句,要注意句中的標點符號和句中的連接詞。如果句與句之間有連詞或者分號,則是并列句;如果是逗號,且逗號后的內容是對前面某一名詞的補充說明,則是非限制性定語從句,應該使用關系詞。 二、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中介詞的選擇 “介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中介詞的選擇是一個??键c,也是一個難點。請看下面三個句子,填上合適的介詞,并從中發現一些規律。 1.He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge. 2.This is the farm ______ which he worked two years ago. Z
x
x
k 3.In the dark street there was not a single person ______ whom she could turn for help. 第一句話:根據句意可知,他在一所當地的語法學校學習之后去了Cambridge,故介詞用after。此句中介詞的使用與句子的意義有關。 第二句話:把從句補充完整為he worked two years ago on the farm (“在農場”為“on the farm”),句中介詞的選用取決于先行詞的意義,即介詞跟先行詞的搭配。 第三句話:在黑暗的街道上,沒有一個她可以求助的人?!跋蚰橙饲笾边@個短語是“turn to sb. for help”,因此此處用介詞to。此句中介詞的選用取決于從句中的動詞固定搭配。 因此,考生在確定其中的介詞時,可從以下三方面入手: 1.句子的意思;2.先行詞的意義;3.從句中的動詞固定搭配。 ◆技巧 考生不妨采用還原法,把從句補充完整,建立與主句的聯系,以便判斷這個介詞與句中其他部分的關系。 ◆鏈接 注意way(方式)后接定語從句時的引導詞。 先行詞是way,當引導詞在從句中作狀語時,用關系詞in which, that或者省略;當引導詞在從句中作主語或賓語時,用that/which引導(作賓語時,引導詞也可以省略)。比較: The way(that/which) he explained to us was quite simple. (把從句補充完整:he explained the way to us,可以看出引導詞在從句中作explained的賓語) The way(that/in which) he explained the sentence was simple.(把從句補充完整:he explained the sentence in the way,可以看出引導詞在從句中作狀語) 三、引導詞as, which的區別 1.引導非限制性定語從句,指代整個主句內容時的區別: (1)表達“正如”之意時,用as,如果僅指代整個主句內容而沒有“正如”之意,則用which。 He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國了,這讓大家感到很意外。 She is a good doctor, as her mother used to be. 她是一個很出色的醫生,和她母親當年一樣。 (2)當從句位于主句前面時,只用as。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 2.限制性定語從句中有such, the same時,其后常用as引導定語從句(the same后也可用that,但意義不一樣)。 He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect. This is the same pen as I lost. 3.as引導非限制性定語從句時,只能指代整個主句內容,而which既可以指代整個主句內容,又可以指代先行詞。 The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 這條流經倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as) 4.as常與從句中的know, see, hear, expect等動詞連用,也常用于as often happens, as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。 He was absent from school, as is often the case. 他缺課了,這是常事。 ◆鏈接 分隔定語從句 一般情況下,定語從句緊跟先行詞,可是有的時候,先行詞與定語從句之間插入了另外一些內容,這樣就把先行詞與定語從句分隔開了,這類定語從句叫分隔定語從句。這類句子應特別注意:不要誤把插入部分當先行詞。 I was the only person in my office who was invited.(先行詞是person而不是office) 典例 (天津卷,10) The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A.whenB.that C.where
D.which 解析:A。本題考查定語從句的引導詞。從句主體結構完整,故排除B、D兩項;where指地點,與句意不符;故A項正確,引導的定語從句修飾先行詞the days。句意:完全靠體力勞動謀生的日子已一去不復返了。 四、關系代詞和關系副詞的區別 當先行詞為表示時間、地點的詞時,引導詞用關系代詞還是關系副詞是定語從句學習中的一個難點。要確定引導詞在從句中所作的成分(如果引導詞在從句中作狀語,則用why, when或where,否則用that或which),考生可以采用“補全法”,即依據句意把從句補充完整(補上去的部分在從句中所作的成分就是引導詞在從句中所作的成分),這樣就可以很容易地判斷出引導詞在從句中所作的成分。 1.Do you still remember the chicken farm ______ we visited three months ago? 分析:把從句補充完整為“we visited the chicken farm three months ago”,考生據此可以判斷出引導詞在從句中作賓語,因此填關系代詞that/which。 2.In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. 分析:把從句補充完整為“the places would have taken our ancestors days to reach”,考生據此可以判斷出引導詞在從句中作主語,因此填關系代詞that/which。 3.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ______ they learn simple games and songs. 分析:把從句補充完整為“in (at) the day care center they learn simple games and songs”,據此可以判斷出引導詞在從句中作地點狀語,因此用where/in(at) which。 ◆技巧 遇到時間和地點,判斷成分是關鍵;主語、賓語用關代,狀語才能用關副。(關代:關系代詞;關副:關系副詞) ◆精析 在考查定語從句時,有時命題人故意在空格處設置一些插入語等干擾信息迷惑考生。解題時,考生可以將其忽略,從而排除干擾。 —Is that the small town you often refer to? —Right, just the one ______ you know I used to work for years. 分析:空白處應填where。此題很容易受you know的影響而誤填關系代詞。其實you know是插入語,解題時可以將其忽略,簡化句子結構:just the one ______ I used to work for years,這樣考生就很容易判斷出引導詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用關系副詞where。 ◆探究 表示時間、地點的先行詞的模糊化。研究高考試題后,考生會發現近幾年高考試題中表示時間、地點的先行詞有些已經不是一個明顯的表示時間、地點的詞語,如:period, ten years ago, the street, the museum,而是已經模糊化的詞語,如:activity, business, occasion, point, case等。解題時考生要弄清這些詞匯在句中的意義,并結合其在從句中所作的成分選用恰當的引導詞。 ◆警示 point, situation, case后的定語從句的引導詞并非總是由where來引導,只有當引導詞在從句中作狀語時,才用關系副詞where,否則用關系代詞。 狀語從句 一、連詞when, while, as的用法區別 1.下列情況下只能用when (1)作并列連詞,意思是“在這時”(at this time),常用于下列句型: ①be doing...when...某事正在進行,這時發生了另外一件事 We were walking along the river when I heard a cry of help. ②be about to do...when...即將做某事,這時發生了另外一件事 I was just about to leave when I saw him running towards me with a bag in his hand. ③had(not)+過去分詞...when...某事剛發生,就發生了另外一件事;某件事情還沒有持續多長時間,就發生了另外一件事 We had just sat down when someone knocked at the door. We hadn't been asleep for long when we heard a terrible noise. (2)表示“既然”。 How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me? (3)表示“雖然”,位于句中。 He walks when he could take a taxi. 2.下列情況下只能用while (1)表示對比或比較,意為“然而,可是”。 He likes dancing while his brother likes singing. (2)表示“盡管”,用于句首。 While she is a top student, she has some shortcomings. 3.表示發展、變化的情況時,只能用as As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. ◆拓展 when, while, as的用法共同點 在說明事情發生的背景時,when, while, as都可以使用。 He broke his leg when/while/ as he was playing football. ◆拓展 表示“當……的時候”,可以使用when,也可以使用while。when從句中的謂語動詞可以是延續性的,也可以是非延續性的,而while從句中的動詞必須是延續性的。請比較: 1.It was nine o'clock when I got home.(非延續性動詞) 2.He was reading a newspaper while he was waiting for a bus.(延續性動詞) 二、“It+be+時間+從句”中連詞的選擇 “It+be+時間+從句”句型是高考考查的熱點,其中連詞的選擇是個難點。突破這個難點的關鍵是要把握好句意,根據句意的需要選擇合適的連詞: 1.表示“再過多長時間某事才會發生”,用“It will be+時間段+before從句”。 It will be three weeks before we have the next exam. 再過三個星期我們才會進行下次考試。 2.表示“自從……以來有多長時間了”用“It be+時間段+since從句”,be動詞如果用一般現在時,則從句用一般過去時,如果be動詞用一般過去時,則從句用過去完成時。 It is three years since he joined the army. He said it was three years since he had joined the army.
3.It be+時間狀語+that+其他,構成強調句型,意思是“就是在某一時間發生了某事”。 It was at six o'clock that we got home. 4.It be+時間點+when從句,表示“某事發生在什么時間”,it指代時間。 It was six o'clock when we got home. ◆技巧 區分“It be+時間狀語+that+其他”(強調句型)和“It be+時間點+when從句” 妙招:采用還原法,將it be和that去掉,如果能夠還原成一個完整的句子,就是強調句型,否則就不是強調句型。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 三、幾種讓步狀語從句的用法區別 1.though, although, as引導的讓步狀語從句的區別 although引導正常語序的讓步狀語從句;though既可以引導正常語序的讓步狀語從句,也可以引導倒裝語序的讓步狀語從句;as引導倒裝語序的讓步狀語從句。 Although/ though he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. as引導讓步狀語從句時,要把作表語的形容詞、名詞,作狀語的副詞或謂語的一部分提到句首,如果是單數名詞作表語,把它提到句首時,其前不用冠詞。分為以下幾類: (1)“名詞+as+主語+其他”構成讓步狀語從句,單數名詞前不加冠詞。 Scientist as he is, he is still as modest as before, which always moves all the people who know him.(不能用although, scientist前不用冠詞) (2)“動詞+as+主語+其他”構成讓步狀語從句。 Struggle as he might, he was not able to get out.(不能用although) (3)形容詞+as+主語+其他。 Crazy though/as his ideas may sound, some people think there is something in them.(不能用although) (4)副詞+as+主語+謂語。 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.(不能用although) 2.表示“不管……還是……”用whether...or...來引導讓步狀語從句。 Whether you like the job or not, you have to do it right now. ◆拓展 其他形式的讓步狀語從句 讓步狀語從句還可以由下列的詞來引導: no matter how/what/who/when/where...這幾個短語的意思是“不論怎樣(什么,誰,什么時候,什么地方)”,相當于however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever...。 no matter how+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語=however+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語,表示“無論……”。 We will solve the problem, no matter how hard it is.=We will solve the problem, however hard it is. ◆點撥 用although, though,還是as,關鍵是要看句子結構:是正常語序還是倒裝語序。 典例 (新課標卷,22)Try ________ she might, Sue couldn't get the door open. A.if
B.when C.since
D.as 解析:D 本題考查連詞的用法。句意:盡管蘇嘗試了,但她還是打不開門。根據句子結構可知,本題考查as引導的讓步狀語從句,要用倒裝語序。其結構為:動詞/名詞/形容詞/副詞+as+主語+謂語,故D項正確。 【2024浙江卷】17. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 【考點】定語從句 【答案】B 【解析】who引導非限定性定語從句,在從句中做主語,修飾先行詞Ellen(人名)。Which修行先行詞是物的定語從句;whom修飾先行詞為人,且在從句中做賓語;where修飾先行詞是地點名詞,且在從句中地點狀語,均不符合語境,故排除。 【難度】中等 【2024四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom
B. in them
C. of whom
D. of them 答案與解析】 C
本題考查定語從句。前后兩句話之間無連詞,故不能用人稱代詞them而應用關系代詞whom引導定語從句;在46個學生當中,表所屬,應用of。故答案選C。 【2024全國II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that
B. which
C. what
D. when 【答案】B 【解析】這里that evening是先行詞,其在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語,所以用which。句意:以后我將和你談起的那個晚上,我工作到了很晚?!究键c定位】考查非限制性定語從句的關系詞。 【2024重慶卷】30.—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can’t ______you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. A. until
B. before
C. to consider
D. unless 【考點】狀語從句 【答案】 C 【解析】短語語境表示“抱歉,你不能繼續訓練因為你膝蓋受的傷還沒有恢復。”由此可知,空白處后面為原因狀語從句,C選項符合題意。因此,正確答案為C選項。 【難度】一般 【2024福建卷】30. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union. A. if B. unless C. because
D. since 【考點】考查從句的連詞 【答案】B 【解析】根據句意可知“除非有來自歐洲聯盟的更多的經濟支持,否則希臘政府很難克服目前的困難”,只能選擇unless“除非”才能使句意完整??疾闋钫Z從句的連詞題事實上非常簡單,只要找到句中的關鍵詞,然后從句意上去排除就行了,本題關鍵詞是hard和more financial support。 【難度】中等
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高考英語二輪復習:定語從句與狀語從句課件 定語從句 一、定語從句與并列句的區別 請觀察下面三個句子: 1.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination, ______ disappointed his mother. Z
x
x
k 2.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination and ______ disappointed his mother. 3.Wang Hong failed in the College Entrance Examination;
______ disappointed his mother. 第一句話:句中有逗號,根據句意可知,空白處的內容應該指的是前面整個句子的內容,是對前文信息的補充說明,因此,此句是非限制性定語從句,用關系代詞which; Z
x
x
k 第二句話:句中有并列連詞and,因此整個句子是一個并列句,所以可以用代詞it指代前面句子的內容。 第三句話:句中有分號,這表明整個句子是一個并列句,因此可以用代詞it指代前面句子的內容。
◆技巧Z
x
x
k 判斷是定語從句還是并列句,要注意句中的標點符號和句中的連接詞。如果句與句之間有連詞或者分號,則是并列句;如果是逗號,且逗號后的內容是對前面某一名詞的補充說明,則是非限制性定語從句,應該使用關系詞。 二、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中介詞的選擇 “介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中介詞的選擇是一個??键c,也是一個難點。請看下面三個句子,填上合適的介詞,并從中發現一些規律。 1.He was educated at a local grammar school, ______ which he went on to Cambridge. 2.This is the farm ______ which he worked two years ago. Z
x
x
k 3.In the dark street there was not a single person ______ whom she could turn for help. 第一句話:根據句意可知,他在一所當地的語法學校學習之后去了Cambridge,故介詞用after。此句中介詞的使用與句子的意義有關。 第二句話:把從句補充完整為he worked two years ago on the farm (“在農場”為“on the farm”),句中介詞的選用取決于先行詞的意義,即介詞跟先行詞的搭配。 第三句話:在黑暗的街道上,沒有一個她可以求助的人。“向某人求助”這個短語是“turn to sb. for help”,因此此處用介詞to。此句中介詞的選用取決于從句中的動詞固定搭配。 因此,考生在確定其中的介詞時,可從以下三方面入手: 1.句子的意思;2.先行詞的意義;3.從句中的動詞固定搭配。 ◆技巧 考生不妨采用還原法,把從句補充完整,建立與主句的聯系,以便判斷這個介詞與句中其他部分的關系。 ◆鏈接 注意way(方式)后接定語從句時的引導詞。 先行詞是way,當引導詞在從句中作狀語時,用關系詞in which, that或者省略;當引導詞在從句中作主語或賓語時,用that/which引導(作賓語時,引導詞也可以省略)。比較: The way(that/which) he explained to us was quite simple. (把從句補充完整:he explained the way to us,可以看出引導詞在從句中作explained的賓語) The way(that/in which) he explained the sentence was simple.(把從句補充完整:he explained the sentence in the way,可以看出引導詞在從句中作狀語) 三、引導詞as, which的區別 1.引導非限制性定語從句,指代整個主句內容時的區別: (1)表達“正如”之意時,用as,如果僅指代整個主句內容而沒有“正如”之意,則用which。 He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出國了,這讓大家感到很意外。 She is a good doctor, as her mother used to be. 她是一個很出色的醫生,和她母親當年一樣。 (2)當從句位于主句前面時,只用as。 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 2.限制性定語從句中有such, the same時,其后常用as引導定語從句(the same后也可用that,但意義不一樣)。 He is such a good teacher as we all love and respect. This is the same pen as I lost. 3.as引導非限制性定語從句時,只能指代整個主句內容,而which既可以指代整個主句內容,又可以指代先行詞。 The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 這條流經倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as) 4.as常與從句中的know, see, hear, expect等動詞連用,也常用于as often happens, as is often the case(常有的事)等句子中。 He was absent from school, as is often the case. 他缺課了,這是常事。 ◆鏈接 分隔定語從句 一般情況下,定語從句緊跟先行詞,可是有的時候,先行詞與定語從句之間插入了另外一些內容,這樣就把先行詞與定語從句分隔開了,這類定語從句叫分隔定語從句。這類句子應特別注意:不要誤把插入部分當先行詞。 I was the only person in my office who was invited.(先行詞是person而不是office) 典例 (天津卷,10) The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A.whenB.that C.where
D.which 解析:A。本題考查定語從句的引導詞。從句主體結構完整,故排除B、D兩項;where指地點,與句意不符;故A項正確,引導的定語從句修飾先行詞the days。句意:完全靠體力勞動謀生的日子已一去不復返了。 四、關系代詞和關系副詞的區別 當先行詞為表示時間、地點的詞時,引導詞用關系代詞還是關系副詞是定語從句學習中的一個難點。要確定引導詞在從句中所作的成分(如果引導詞在從句中作狀語,則用why, when或where,否則用that或which),考生可以采用“補全法”,即依據句意把從句補充完整(補上去的部分在從句中所作的成分就是引導詞在從句中所作的成分),這樣就可以很容易地判斷出引導詞在從句中所作的成分。 1.Do you still remember the chicken farm ______ we visited three months ago? 分析:把從句補充完整為“we visited the chicken farm three months ago”,考生據此可以判斷出引導詞在從句中作賓語,因此填關系代詞that/which。 2.In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. 分析:把從句補充完整為“the places would have taken our ancestors days to reach”,考生據此可以判斷出引導詞在從句中作主語,因此填關系代詞that/which。 3.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ______ they learn simple games and songs. 分析:把從句補充完整為“in (at) the day care center they learn simple games and songs”,據此可以判斷出引導詞在從句中作地點狀語,因此用where/in(at) which。 ◆技巧 遇到時間和地點,判斷成分是關鍵;主語、賓語用關代,狀語才能用關副。(關代:關系代詞;關副:關系副詞) ◆精析 在考查定語從句時,有時命題人故意在空格處設置一些插入語等干擾信息迷惑考生。解題時,考生可以將其忽略,從而排除干擾。 —Is that the small town you often refer to? —Right, just the one ______ you know I used to work for years. 分析:空白處應填where。此題很容易受you know的影響而誤填關系代詞。其實you know是插入語,解題時可以將其忽略,簡化句子結構:just the one ______ I used to work for years,這樣考生就很容易判斷出引導詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用關系副詞where。 ◆探究 表示時間、地點的先行詞的模糊化。研究高考試題后,考生會發現近幾年高考試題中表示時間、地點的先行詞有些已經不是一個明顯的表示時間、地點的詞語,如:period, ten years ago, the street, the museum,而是已經模糊化的詞語,如:activity, business, occasion, point, case等。解題時考生要弄清這些詞匯在句中的意義,并結合其在從句中所作的成分選用恰當的引導詞。 ◆警示 point, situation, case后的定語從句的引導詞并非總是由where來引導,只有當引導詞在從句中作狀語時,才用關系副詞where,否則用關系代詞。 狀語從句 一、連詞when, while, as的用法區別 1.下列情況下只能用when (1)作并列連詞,意思是“在這時”(at this time),常用于下列句型: ①be doing...when...某事正在進行,這時發生了另外一件事 We were walking along the river when I heard a cry of help. ②be about to do...when...即將做某事,這時發生了另外一件事 I was just about to leave when I saw him running towards me with a bag in his hand. ③had(not)+過去分詞...when...某事剛發生,就發生了另外一件事;某件事情還沒有持續多長時間,就發生了另外一件事 We had just sat down when someone knocked at the door. We hadn't been asleep for long when we heard a terrible noise. (2)表示“既然”。 How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me? (3)表示“雖然”,位于句中。 He walks when he could take a taxi. 2.下列情況下只能用while (1)表示對比或比較,意為“然而,可是”。 He likes dancing while his brother likes singing. (2)表示“盡管”,用于句首。 While she is a top student, she has some shortcomings. 3.表示發展、變化的情況時,只能用as As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening. ◆拓展 when, while, as的用法共同點 在說明事情發生的背景時,when, while, as都可以使用。 He broke his leg when/while/ as he was playing football. ◆拓展 表示“當……的時候”,可以使用when,也可以使用while。when從句中的謂語動詞可以是延續性的,也可以是非延續性的,而while從句中的動詞必須是延續性的。請比較: 1.It was nine o'clock when I got home.(非延續性動詞) 2.He was reading a newspaper while he was waiting for a bus.(延續性動詞) 二、“It+be+時間+從句”中連詞的選擇 “It+be+時間+從句”句型是高考考查的熱點,其中連詞的選擇是個難點。突破這個難點的關鍵是要把握好句意,根據句意的需要選擇合適的連詞: 1.表示“再過多長時間某事才會發生”,用“It will be+時間段+before從句”。 It will be three weeks before we have the next exam. 再過三個星期我們才會進行下次考試。 2.表示“自從……以來有多長時間了”用“It be+時間段+since從句”,be動詞如果用一般現在時,則從句用一般過去時,如果be動詞用一般過去時,則從句用過去完成時。 It is three years since he joined the army. He said it was three years since he had joined the army.
3.It be+時間狀語+that+其他,構成強調句型,意思是“就是在某一時間發生了某事”。 It was at six o'clock that we got home. 4.It be+時間點+when從句,表示“某事發生在什么時間”,it指代時間。 It was six o'clock when we got home. ◆技巧 區分“It be+時間狀語+that+其他”(強調句型)和“It be+時間點+when從句” 妙招:采用還原法,將it be和that去掉,如果能夠還原成一個完整的句子,就是強調句型,否則就不是強調句型。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *