省略和倒裝考點(diǎn)歸納

　　省略

　　考點(diǎn)一、狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

　　(1) 當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同(或從句主語(yǔ)為it)，并且從句謂語(yǔ)中含be動(dòng)詞，常將從句主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省略，構(gòu)成省略形式。

　　(2) as / than引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句通常使用省略形式。如：He earns less than his wife (does).

　　When _____ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2024安徽)

　　A. asking

　　B. asked

　　C. having asked

　　D. to be asked

　　解析：BWhen引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，When he was asked for his views about his teaching job。

　　考點(diǎn)二、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略

　　(1)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后接不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)將不定式符號(hào)to省略。

　　【考例】

　　The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting.

　　A. picked up

　　B. picks up

　　C. pick up

　　D. picking up

　　解析： C。句 中had是使役動(dòng)詞，to。

　　(2) 在同一句話或同一情景對(duì)話中，當(dāng)同一動(dòng)作再次出現(xiàn)在后面的不定式位置上時(shí)，可以只保留不定式符號(hào)to。

　　【考例】

　　The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _____. (2024課標(biāo)1)

　　A. not to do

　　B. not to

　　C. not do

　　D. do not

　　解析：B “在路邊停車”這一動(dòng)作前面已經(jīng)提到，：… but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.

　　[] 句式would have done sth, should have done sth, ought to have done sth, needn’t have done sth, used to be...等省略形式為 would have, should have, ought to have, needn’t have, used to be。要保留不定式后的have或be。如：

　　—Are you a sailor?

　　—No, but I used to be (a sailor).

　　so / not

　　英語(yǔ)中常用so / not等來(lái)代替省略的肯定內(nèi)容或否定內(nèi)容，I’m afraid / I hope / I think / I guess / I believe / I expect / I suppose等開頭的答語(yǔ)中，： if so / if not

　　【考例1】

　　—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?

　　—_____ Wait till you are old enough, dear. (2010全國(guó)I)

　　A. Will you?

　　B. Why not?

　　C. I hope so.

　　D. I’m afraid not.

　　解析： D，： I don’t think so. = I think not. I don’t expect so. = I expect not.

　　2】

　　—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?

　　—_____.

　　A. I guess not so

　　B. I don’t guess

　　C. I don’t guess so

　　D. I guess not

　　解析：DI guess not 中的not 并不是否定動(dòng)詞guess的，，： (that) the boys are not doing a good job at all. ， I guess not“我不這么猜想”，“我想是的”或“我看他們干得不好”。

　　考點(diǎn)四、情景交際中的省略

　　在情景對(duì)話中，常常省略大家都知道的內(nèi)容或不會(huì)引起歧義的部分，只保留主干部分或關(guān)鍵詞。

　　【考例】

　　—Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.

　　—Sure. _____. (2024四川)

　　A. I did

　　B. I do

　　C. I shall

　　D. I will

　　解析：D。答語(yǔ)句意：當(dāng)然，我會(huì)的。I will后面省略了come back again sometime。

　　倒裝

　　考點(diǎn)一、完全倒裝

　　(一)在here, there, now, then, away, down, in, up, off, out等副詞開頭的句子中(主語(yǔ)一般為名詞，be, come, go, run等)，

　　【考例】

　　Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____. (2009上海)

　　A. fleeing the thief

　　B. was fleeing the thief

　　C. the thief was fleeing

　　D. fled the thief

　　解析：D。句意：一聽到狗叫得厲害，小偷趕緊逃走了。副詞away位于句頭，使用完全倒裝。

　　(二) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為名詞且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞(如lie, stand, sit等)，常使用完全倒裝句式。

　　【考例】

　　At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____, one of the ten largest cities in China.

　　A. lies Chongqing

　　B. Chongqing lies

　　C. does lie Chongqing

　　D. does Chongqing lie

　　解析：A。句意：At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them. (2024遼寧)

　　A. they actually broke

　　B. do they actually break

　　C. did they actually break

　　D. they had actually broken

　　解析：COnly with the greatest of luck _____ to escape from the rising flood waters. (2024上海)

　　A. managed she

　　B. she managed

　　C. did she manage

　　D. she did manage

　　解析：C。句意：她最終逃脫了上漲的洪水，只是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)氣極佳。

　　(三) 在so…that句型中，如果so引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首，則主句要使用部分倒裝。

　　【考例】

　　So sudden _____ that the enemy had no time to escape.

　　A. did the attack

　　B. the attack did

　　C. was the attack

　　D. the attack was

　　解析：C。句意：這次襲擊非常突然以至于敵人沒(méi)有時(shí)間逃跑。sudden是形容詞，在句中作表語(yǔ)，故動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。

　　(四) as或though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)引起的部分倒裝(although不能引導(dǎo)倒裝)。其倒裝句型是：表語(yǔ)(形容詞或單個(gè)名詞)/ 狀語(yǔ) / 謂語(yǔ)中的行為動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞原形)＋as / though＋主語(yǔ)＋…。

　　【考例】

　　Hot _____ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. (2024陜西)

　　A. although B. as

　　C. while

　　D. however

　　解析：BHot as the night air was盡管夜晚的空氣很熱。

　　(五) so / neither / nor位于句首表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物， so 用于肯定情況，neither / nor用于否定情況。其句型是： so / neither / nor＋ / 系動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋

　　【考例】

　　Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _____.

　　A. I was neither

　　B. neither was I

　　C. I was either

　　D. either was I

　　解析：B，neither構(gòu)成倒裝。

　　注：(1) “neither／nor＋助動(dòng)詞／系動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也表示連續(xù)的否定。如：

　　1】

　　The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _____ it a thought.

　　A. does he even give

　　B. he even gives

　　C. will he even give

　　D. he will even give

　　解析：C。句意：校長(zhǎng)不會(huì)允許課程中有改變，他甚至不會(huì)考慮這事。句子前半部分中使用助動(dòng)詞will，后面應(yīng)與其保持一致。

　　【考例2】

　　This is not my story, nor _____ the whole story. My story plays out differently.

　　A. is there

　　B. there is

　　C. is it

　　D. it is

　　解析：Cit代指前面的This，nor

　　(2) neither…nor…連接并列成分，neither和nor放于句首，Neither does he work hard, nor is he interested in math.

　　Neither he nor I am a student.

　　(3) 表示對(duì)對(duì)方所說(shuō)的話加以肯定或贊同時(shí)，不用倒裝語(yǔ)序，意為“的確，真的”。如 ：

　　—John is very polite. 約翰很有禮貌。—So he is. 他確實(shí)如此。

　　(4) 當(dāng)前面有兩個(gè)(或兩個(gè)以上)不同動(dòng)作也適用于后者時(shí)，常用“so + it + be + with + sb”結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　(六) hardly…when / no sooner…than / not until等連接復(fù)合句時(shí)，如果hardly, no sooner, not until放于句首，主句使用部分倒裝，從句不倒裝； not only…but also連接并列分句時(shí)，如果not only放于句首, 前一個(gè)分句使用部分倒裝，后一個(gè)分句不倒裝。

　　【考例1】

　　Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _____ having a holiday abroad.

　　A. he had considered B. had he considered

　　C. he considered

　　D. did he consider

　　解析：DNot until位于句首時(shí)，，

　　【考例2】

　　The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _____, but students became more interested in the lessons.

　　A. saved was teachers’ energy

　　B. was teachers’ energy saved

　　C. teachers’ energy was saved

　　D. was saved teachers’ energy

　　解析：Bnot only…but also…連接并列分句，not only

　　【考例3】

　　—Did Linda see the traffic accident?

　　—No, no sooner _____ than it happened.

　　A. had she gone

　　B. she had gone

　　C. has she gone

　　D. she has gone

　　解析：Ano sooner…than句型，no sooner位于句首時(shí)，： Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.

　　1. —How about going for a walk?

　　—_____ great. Let’s get going.

　　A. Sound

　　B. Sounding

　　C. To sound

　　D. Sounds

　　2. —I didn’t go to the party yesterday.

　　—Oh, but you _____.

　　A. ought to

　　B. should have

　　C. must have

　　D. should

　　3. — Can you still catch the last bus?

　　— I’m afraid _____. It left ten minutes ago.

　　A. so

　　B. not to

　　C. not

　　D. that not

　　4. _____ word by word, needless to say, the passage will be difficult to understand.

　　A. If translating

　　B. Having translated C. If translated

　　D. To translate

　　5. I like this red bike better than that black one, but it costs almost twice _____.

　　A. as much

　　B. as many

　　C. so much

　　D. so many

　　6. He has been out of work for half a year. Do you know the difficulty he has _____ the family?

　　A. supported

　　B. supporting

　　C. to support

　　D. support

　　7. It’s recommended that the plan he put forward _____ discussed at the next meeting.

　　A. be

　　B. would be

　　C. was

　　D. must be

　　8. Mary opened the door. There _____ she had never seen before.

　　A. a boy did stand

　　B. a boy stood

　　C. did a boy stand

　　D. stood a boy

　　9. Under the tree _____ of about ten, who was waiting for his mother to come back.

　　A. a boy sat

　　B. did a boy sit

　　C. sat a boy

　　D. a boy did sit

　　10. I’m very sorry. _____ you are a vegetarian (吃素的人), I wouldn’t have cooked this pork for you.

　　A. Had I known

　　B. Did I know

　　C. I had known D. I knew

　　11. —Will Peter go to the party?

　　—If Mary doesn’t go, _____.

　　A. so will he

　　B. neither will he C. neither he does

　　D. so he will

　　12. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _____ his aunt.

　　A. So it is

　　B. So is it with

　　C. So is it

　　D. So it is with

　　13. Never in my life _____ such delicious food. Can you tell me how you cooked it?

　　A. I have had

　　B. had I

　　C. have I had

　　D. I had

　　14. —May I have permission to leave the table?

　　—Not until _____ their food.

　　A. has everyone finished

　　B. everyone has finished

　　C. will everyone finish

　　D. everyone will finish

　　15. As far as I know, not only is he interested in science, but also _____ a gift for music.

　　A. has he

　　B. does he have C. does have he

　　D. he has

　　16. It’s years since we last saw each other. So much _____ that I can hardly recognize him.

　　A. has he changed

　　B. he has changed

　　C. he does change D. he changes

　　17. Only when you have learned a lesson from failure _____ greater progress.

　　A. can you make

　　B. you can make

　　C. you will make D. you make

　　18. _____, she couldn’t work out the maths problem. So she turned to her teacher for help.

　　A. Might she as try

　　B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Try as she might

　　19. The customer said that no sooner _____ the computer than it stopped working.

　　A. he had started

　　B. had he started

　　C. has he started D. he started

　　20. No matter how _____ outside, he insisted on going to the railway station to meet his friend.

　　A. heavily was it raining

　　B. it was raining heavily

　　C. heavily it was raining

　　D. was it raining heavily

　　21. As far as we know, Tom spends at least as much time chatting on line as he _____ his homework.

　　A. does doing

　　B. does

　　C. doing

　　D. does to do

　　22. I’m sorry I hurt you. I didn’t mean _____.

　　A. to do

　　B. to

　　C. doing

　　D. doing so

　　23. —Is Peter coming with us？

　　—I hope _____. He is really interesting.

　　A. that B. it

　　C. not

　　D. so

　　24. Hardly _____ our walk when it began to rain.

　　A. we began

　　B. we had begun C. had we begun D. have we begun

　　25. Mr. Black was teaching math in a college last year and he still _____ now.

　　A. does

　　B. do

　　C. was

　　D. is

　　參考答案及解析:

　　1-5 DBCCA

　　6-10 BADCA11-15 BDCBD 16-20 AADBC 21-25 ABDCD

　　1. D。句中省略主語(yǔ)。Sounds great.=It sounds great. 聽起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。

　　2. B。根據(jù)上句可知是談?wù)撨^(guò)去的情況，故應(yīng)該用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)。句子采用省略形式“should have”。

　　3. C。英語(yǔ)中常用so / not等來(lái)代替省略的肯定內(nèi)容或否定內(nèi)容。I’m afraid not補(bǔ)全為：I’m afraid I can’t catch the last bus.

　　4. C。If translated= If it is translated. 當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)相同(或從句主語(yǔ)為it)，并且從句謂語(yǔ)中含be動(dòng)詞，常將從句主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省略。