第 12 講

　　狀語從句

　　1. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______ my daughter heard cries for help. (2011浙江卷)

　　A. after

　　B. while

　　C. since

　　D. when　

　　【答案及解析】1. D　考查狀語從句的連詞。題干的前面是一個完整的句子。we were packing to leave for a weekend away為主句，時態(tài)為過去進行時，故排除選項A、C；連詞后面的句子一定是從句，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故排除B。

　　【答案及解析】意思是“……當我女兒聽到呼救聲時，我們正在打包準備外出度周末。”本題也可以從when的用法去分析：when作并列連詞時，其意義為“就在那時，這時”，相當于and at this/that time，常用于下列句型中： Sb. was doing sth.

　　Sb. was about to do sth. Sb. had just done sth. when sth. happened.

　　2. — How about camping this weekend, just for a change?

　　— OK, ______ you want. (2010浙江卷)

　　A. whichever

　　B. however

　　C. whatever

　　D. whoever

　　【答案及解析】2. C　本題考查讓步狀語從句的引導詞。句意：“這個周末野營怎么樣，來點新鮮的？”“好啊，按你的意思辦吧！”句子缺少賓語，故用whatever。原句相當于：Whatever you want, I will do it.

　　在句子中修飾謂語(或其他動詞)、形容詞、副詞或是整個句子的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句可以用來表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。 表示時間的狀語從句的引導詞很多，根據(jù)意義和主從句之間的時間關系，又可分類如下： 1. 表示同時性， 即主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。 其連詞有：when (當……的時候), while(當……的時候), as(當……的時候), as soon as(一……就……), once(一旦……)等。 時間狀語從句

　　2. 表示先時或后時，即主句的謂語動作發(fā)生在從句之前或之后。 主要連詞有：after (在……后), before (在……之前), when (＝after)等。 3. 表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性，即從句描述的不是一次性動作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習慣性動作。 主要連詞有every time(每次), each time(每次), whenever(每當)等。 時間狀語從句

　　4. 表示持續(xù)性或瞬間性。 主要連詞有：since(自從), ever since(自從), until(直到……才/為止), till(直到……才/為止)等。 時間狀語從句

　　5. 有些單詞或詞組也可引導時間狀語從句。 the time(當……的時刻), the moment(當……的時刻), by the time(到……時候為止), next time(下次), the first time(第一次……的時候), the last time(上次……的時候)，immediately(一……就……), instantly(一……就……), directly(一……就……)等詞或詞組以及hardly /scarcely…when…（剛……就……), no sooner…than…(剛……就……)。 時間狀語從句

　　例句:When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.

　　He started as_soon_as he received the news.

　　Once you see him, you will never forget him.

　　No_sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.

　　時間狀語從句

　　原因狀語從句表示原因或理由。表示原因的狀語從句可以由as(由于), because(因為), since(既然), now (that)(既然), considering that(顧及到), seeing that(由于)等連詞引導。

　　He is disappointed because_he didn't get the position.

　　As it is raining, I will not go out.

　　Now_that you mention it, I do remember.

　　原因狀語從句

　　引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。 Sit wherever you like.

　　Make a mark where you have a question.

　　地點狀語從句 引導目的狀語從句最常用的詞(組)是so, so that, in order that, in case(以防，以免), for fear that(以便)等， 從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。 Speak clearly, so_that they may understand you.

　　目的狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。引導結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that, so that(從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞), so…that…(如此……以致……), such…that…(如此……以致……)等。 She was ill, so_that she didn't attend the meeting.

　　She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.

　　結(jié)果狀語從句

　　表示條件的狀語從句可以由if(如果), unless(除非), in case(萬一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(條件是……), suppose(假設), supposing(假設)(僅用在問句中)等詞或詞組引導。一般情況下當主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 條件狀語從句

　　注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。 If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.

　　You can go swimming on_condition_that ( ＝ if ) you don't go too far away from the river bank.

　　If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.

　　條件狀語從句 讓步狀語從句由although(盡管), though(盡管), however(無論怎樣), whatever(無論什么), whoever(無論誰), whomever(無論誰), whichever(無論哪個), whenever(無論何時), wherever(無論哪里), whether(是否), no matter (who, what, where, when, etc.) (無論……), even if(即使), even though(即使)等詞引導。

　　讓步狀語從句

　　注意：as引導的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。 Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　Whatever_(_＝_No_matter_what_) you say, I'll never change my mind.

　　讓步狀語從句

　　方式狀語從句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導。 You must do the exercise as I show you.

　　He acted as_if nothing had happened.

　　方式狀語從句 比較狀語從句常用than, so (as)…as…， the more… the more…等引導。 I have made a lot more mistakes than_you have.

　　The_busier he is, the_happier he feels.

　　比較狀語從句

　　使用狀語從句時要注意的幾個問題

　　1．時態(tài)問題

　　在時間和條件(有時也在方式、讓步等)從句中，主句是一般將來時，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。

　　We'll go outing if it doesn't_rain tomorrow.

　　易錯易混點

　　2．狀語從句的省略

　　有些時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致(或雖不一致，是it)，從句的謂語又包含動詞be，就可省略從句中的“主語 ＋ be”部分。

　　When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.

　　If (you are) asked you may come in.

　　If (it is) necessary I'll explain to you again.

　　易錯易混點

　　3．注意區(qū)分不同從句

　　引導的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判斷。以where為例，能引導多種從句。

　　You are to find it where you left it. (地點狀語從句)

　　Tell me the address where he lives. (定語從句，句中有先行詞)

　　I don't know where he came from. (賓語從句)

　　Where he has gone is not known yet. (主語從句)

　　This place is where they once hid. (表語從句)

　　易錯易混點

　　4. before的幾種用法

　　It will be a year before we meet again. (才……) (一段時間＋before)

　　The boy had left before I could thank him. (還來不及……就……)

　　5. when, while, as

　　(1)while 表時間，從句需用延續(xù)性動詞，不用瞬間動詞；

　　(2)when 表時間，從句既可用延續(xù)性動詞，又可以用瞬間動詞；

　　易錯易混點

　　(3)as 表時間，與when 相似，但側(cè)重強調(diào)主、從句動作同點或同段進行，可用延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去式表示過去進行時。

　　(4)when, while 后還可以接分詞短語。when 作并列連詞，表示一個動作在發(fā)生時，另一個動作接著發(fā)生，這時就不能用while, as。

　　I was walking on the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder.

　　(5)while 作并列連詞，表示兩種情況對比。

　　He was playing the guitar while his sister was watching TV.

　　易錯易混點

　　第 12 講

　　狀語從句

　　1. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away ______ my daughter heard cries for help. (2011浙江卷)

　　A. after

　　B. while

　　C. since

　　D. when　

　　【答案及解析】1. D　考查狀語從句的連詞。題干的前面是一個完整的句子。we were packing to leave for a weekend away為主句，時態(tài)為過去進行時，故排除選項A、C；連詞后面的句子一定是從句，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故排除B。

　　【答案及解析】意思是“……當我女兒聽到呼救聲時，我們正在打包準備外出度周末。”本題也可以從when的用法去分析：when作并列連詞時，其意義為“就在那時，這時”，相當于and at this/that time，常用于下列句型中： Sb. was doing sth.

　　Sb. was about to do sth. Sb. had just done sth. when sth. happened.

　　2. — How about camping this weekend, just for a change?

　　— OK, ______ you want. (2010浙江卷)

　　A. whichever

　　B. however

　　C. whatever

　　D. whoever

　　【答案及解析】2. C　本題考查讓步狀語從句的引導詞。句意：“這個周末野營怎么樣，來點新鮮的？”“好啊，按你的意思辦吧！”句子缺少賓語，故用whatever。原句相當于：Whatever you want, I will do it.

　　在句子中修飾謂語(或其他動詞)、形容詞、副詞或是整個句子的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句可以用來表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。 表示時間的狀語從句的引導詞很多，根據(jù)意義和主從句之間的時間關系，又可分類如下： 1. 表示同時性， 即主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。 其連詞有：when (當……的時候), while(當……的時候), as(當……的時候), as soon as(一……就……), once(一旦……)等。 時間狀語從句

　　2. 表示先時或后時，即主句的謂語動作發(fā)生在從句之前或之后。 主要連詞有：after (在……后), before (在……之前), when (＝after)等。 3. 表示習慣性、經(jīng)常性，即從句描述的不是一次性動作，而是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習慣性動作。 主要連詞有every time(每次), each time(每次), whenever(每當)等。 時間狀語從句

　　4. 表示持續(xù)性或瞬間性。 主要連詞有：since(自從), ever since(自從), until(直到……才/為止), till(直到……才/為止)等。 時間狀語從句

　　5. 有些單詞或詞組也可引導時間狀語從句。 the time(當……的時刻), the moment(當……的時刻), by the time(到……時候為止), next time(下次), the first time(第一次……的時候), the last time(上次……的時候)，immediately(一……就……), instantly(一……就……), directly(一……就……)等詞或詞組以及hardly /scarcely…when…（剛……就……), no sooner…than…(剛……就……)。 時間狀語從句

　　例句:When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.

　　He started as_soon_as he received the news.

　　Once you see him, you will never forget him.

　　No_sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.

　　時間狀語從句

　　原因狀語從句表示原因或理由。表示原因的狀語從句可以由as(由于), because(因為), since(既然), now (that)(既然), considering that(顧及到), seeing that(由于)等連詞引導。

　　He is disappointed because_he didn't get the position.

　　As it is raining, I will not go out.

　　Now_that you mention it, I do remember.

　　原因狀語從句

　　引導地點狀語從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。 Sit wherever you like.

　　Make a mark where you have a question.

　　地點狀語從句 引導目的狀語從句最常用的詞(組)是so, so that, in order that, in case(以防，以免), for fear that(以便)等， 從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can, could, may, might, should等。 Speak clearly, so_that they may understand you.

　　目的狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。引導結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that, so that(從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞), so…that…(如此……以致……), such…that…(如此……以致……)等。 She was ill, so_that she didn't attend the meeting.

　　She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.

　　結(jié)果狀語從句

　　表示條件的狀語從句可以由if(如果), unless(除非), in case(萬一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(條件是……), suppose(假設), supposing(假設)(僅用在問句中)等詞或詞組引導。一般情況下當主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 條件狀語從句

　　注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。 If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.

　　You can go swimming on_condition_that ( ＝ if ) you don't go too far away from the river bank.

　　If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.

　　條件狀語從句 讓步狀語從句由although(盡管), though(盡管), however(無論怎樣), whatever(無論什么), whoever(無論誰), whomever(無論誰), whichever(無論哪個), whenever(無論何時), wherever(無論哪里), whether(是否), no matter (who, what, where, when, etc.) (無論……), even if(即使), even though(即使)等詞引導。

　　讓步狀語從句

　　注意：as引導的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。 Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　Whatever_(_＝_No_matter_what_) you say, I'll never change my mind.

　　讓步狀語從句

　　方式狀語從句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導。 You must do the exercise as I show you.

　　He acted as_if nothing had happened.

　　方式狀語從句 比較狀語從句常用than, so (as)…as…， the more… the more…等引導。 I have made a lot more mistakes than_you have.

　　The_busier he is, the_happier he feels.

　　比較狀語從句

　　使用狀語從句時要注意的幾個問題

　　1．時態(tài)問題

　　在時間和條件(有時也在方式、讓步等)從句中，主句是一般將來時，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。

　　We'll go outing if it doesn't_rain tomorrow.

　　易錯易混點

　　2．狀語從句的省略

　　有些時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句主語一致(或雖不一致，是it)，從句的謂語又包含動詞be，就可省略從句中的“主語 ＋ be”部分。

　　When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.

　　If (you are) asked you may come in.

　　If (it is) necessary I'll explain to you again.

　　易錯易混點

　　3．注意區(qū)分不同從句

　　引導的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判斷。以where為例，能引導多種從句。

　　You are to find it where you left it. (地點狀語從句)

　　Tell me the address where he lives. (定語從句，句中有先行詞)

　　I don't know where he came from. (賓語從句)

　　Where he has gone is not known yet. (主語從句)

　　This place is where they once hid. (表語從句)

　　易錯易混點

　　4. before的幾種用法

　　It will be a year before we meet again. (才……) (一段時間＋before)

　　The boy had left before I could thank him. (還來不及……就……)

　　5. when, while, as

　　(1)while 表時間，從句需用延續(xù)性動詞，不用瞬間動詞；

　　(2)when 表時間，從句既可用延續(xù)性動詞，又可以用瞬間動詞；

　　易錯易混點

　　(3)as 表時間，與when 相似，但側(cè)重強調(diào)主、從句動作同點或同段進行，可用延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去式表示過去進行時。

　　(4)when, while 后還可以接分詞短語。when 作并列連詞，表示一個動作在發(fā)生時，另一個動作接著發(fā)生，這時就不能用while, as。

　　I was walking on the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder.

　　(5)while 作并列連詞，表示兩種情況對比。

　　He was playing the guitar while his sister was watching TV.

　　易錯易混點