高考英語二輪專題復習閱讀理解極限突破測試卷(9)

　　閱讀理解-----（A）

　　Sports shoes that out whether their owner has enough exercise to warrant time in front of the television have been devised in the UK.

　　The shoes—named Square Eyes—contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. A wireless transmitter passes the information to a receiver connected to a television, and this decides how much evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day’s efforts.

　　The design was inspired by a desire to fight against the rapidly ballooning waistlines among British teenagers, says Gillian Swan, who developed Square Eyes as a final year design project at Brunel University to London, UK. “We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,” she says. “And I wanted to tackle that with my design.”

　　Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps.

　　Swan calculated how exercise should translate to television time using the recommended daily amounts of both. Health experts suggest that a child take 12,000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television. So, every 100 steps recorded by the Square Eyes shoes equals precisely one minute of TV time.

　　Existing pedometers （計步器） normally clip onto a belt or slip into a pocket and keep count of steps by measuring sudden movement. Swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat. “It is possible, but it would be a lot of effort,” she says. “That was one of my main design considerations.”

　　(

　　) 1. According to Swan, the purpose of her design project is to ________.

　　A. keep a record of the steps of the wearer

　　B. deal with overweight among teenagers

　　C. enable children to resist the temptation of TV

　　D. prevent children from being tricked by TV programs

　　(

　　) 2. Which of the following is true of Square Eyes shoes?

　　A. They regulate a child’s evening TV viewing time.

　　B. They determine a child’s daily pocket money.

　　C. They have raised the hot issue of overweight.

　　D. They contain information of the receiver.

　　(

　　) 3. What is stressed by health experts in their suggestion?

　　A. The exact number of steps to be taken.

　　B. The precise number of hours spent on TV.

　　C. The proper amount of daily exercise and TV time.

　　D. The way of changing steps into TV watching time.

　　(

　　) 4. Compared with other similar products, the new design ________.

　　A. makes it difficult for lazy teenagers to cheat

　　B. counts the wearer’s steps through shaking

　　C. records the sudden movement of the wearer

　　D. sends teenagers’ health data to the receiver

　　(

　　) 5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Smart Shoes Decide on Television Time

　　B. Smart Shoes Guarantee More Exercise

　　C. Smart Shoes Measure Time of Exercise

　　D. Smart Shoes Stop Childhood Overweight

　　71. B

　　這是一道推斷題。根據第三段“‘We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,’she says,‘And I want to tackle that with my design .’”可以推斷出這個設計是為了解決孩子超重的問題。

　　72. A

　　這是一道推斷題。根據第四段“Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps.”可知這種鞋利用走路的步數來控制孩子看電視的時間。

　　73. C

　　這是一道推斷題。根據第五段“Health experts suggest that a child take 12 000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television.”可以推斷出健康專家給出了每天合適的運動量和看電視時間。

　　74. A

　　這是一道推斷題。根據最后一段“Swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat.”可以推斷出類似產品可以用晃動來作弊,但是她設計的鞋使得懶惰的青少年很難作弊。

　　75. A

　　這是一道主旨題。本文主要介紹了一款智能運動鞋,利用孩子們每天的走步數來決定看電視的時間,起到控制體重的作用。

　　閱讀理解-----（B）

　　Pacing and Pausing

　　Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. /gaokao/beijing

　　Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara.

　　It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel. /gaokao/beijing

　　The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思維定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in--and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.

　　That's why slight differences in conversational style--tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems---even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.

　　(

　　) 1. What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?

　　A. Betty was talkative.

　　B. Betty was an interrupter.

　　C. Betty did not take her turn. /gaokao/beijing

　　D. Betty paid no attention to Sara.

　　(

　　) 2. According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?

　　A. Americans.

　　B. Israelis.

　　C. The British.

　　D. The Finns.

　　(

　　) 3. We can learn from the passage that __

　　A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing

　　B. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US

　　C. one's inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes

　　D. one should receive training to build up one's confidence

　　(

　　) 4. The underlined word "assertiveness" in the last paragraph probably means __

　　A. being willing to speak one's mind

　　B. being able to increase one's power

　　C. being ready to make one's own judgment /gaokao/beijing

　　D. being quick to express one's ideas confidently

　　64.C

　　細節題，難題。難在弄不清誰是S誰是B，耐心讀，動筆劃，從第一段得出正確答案并不難：Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation65.B

　　細節排序題，難題。還是耐心讀，動筆劃。S代表美國人，B代表英國人（加起來？），S比B期待談話間隙時間更短，又在以色列人(Israelis)說話時插不上嘴，故答案選說話嗒嗒嗒嗒的以色列人。

　　66.C

　　變態細節題，較難題。A不符原文，B無中生有，D無中生有，C關鍵要理解culturally determined，由文化決定或者受文化影響。

　　67.A

　　詞義猜測題，較難。難點在于A選項的干擾作用。原文說那位MM的inability to speak up注意別人認為她沒能力，不是說她不愿意。所以D比A好，此處用反義對比方法。Passage Nine(Holmes’ Knowledge) His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system. ? “You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.” ? “But the Solar System! ” I protested. ? “What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently. ? One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it. ? Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer. ? “From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ” ? This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it. 1.What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes? [A]Praising. Critical. [C]Ironical. [D]Distaste. 2.What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness? [A]By deduction. By explanation. [C]By contrast. [D]By analysis. 3.What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning? [A]Learning what every body learned. Learning what was useful to you. [C]Learning whatever you came across. [D]Learning what was different to you. 4.What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about? [A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation. One may become rather critical through observation and analysis. [C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis. [D]One may become practical through observation and analysis. Vocabulary 1.Thomas Carlyle ? ? ? ? ? 托馬斯?卡萊爾 1795-1881美國作家、歷史家、哲學家 2.jumble (up) ? ? ? ? ? 搞亂，使混亂 3.lay hand on (upon) sth. ?抓住，找到 4.at best ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? 最好的情況下 5.elbow out (off) ? ? ? ? ? 用胳膊肘擠出，推出 6.deuce = devil ? ? ? ? ?what the deuce is it to me? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 這里表示福爾摩斯的厭惡心理。 ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 義：這倒霉的詞兒與我有什么關系？ ? ? ? ? ? ? 7.while away the time ? ? ? ? ?消磨/打發時間 8.shrewdness ? ? ? ? ?機敏，敏銳，犀利 9.far-fetched ? ? ? ? ?牽強附會，不自然 10.fathom ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?看穿/透，推測，探索 11.infallible ? ? ? ? ?一貫正確 12.uninitiated ? ? ? ? 對某事無知的 13.Euclid ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 歐幾里德（古希臘數學家） 14.necromancer ? ? ? ? 巫師 難句譯注 1.A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. 【結構簡析】主從句結構，主句A fool … 后跟lumber的定從that he comes across。從句so that 中有一knowledge的定從which; or鏈接前后兩個分詞crowded out 與jumbled up;但第一個so that 從句又是后面so that 的主句。 【參考譯文】蠢人把他碰到的每種木材（制家具）都拿進來。這樣，可能對他有用的知識都被擠出去；最好的情況下，也是和其他種種事情混在一起，所以他就很難抓住知識。 2.Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. 【結構簡析】并列句，連詞and后的句中有賓從how much…。 【參考譯文】這片文章稍有炫耀的標題是“生命之書”。它想證明一個善于觀察的人通過對他經歷到的一切事情都進行真正地系統地考察可以學到多少東西。 3.So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer. 【結構簡析】復合主從句，so that句型。So句是倒裝。正常句型應為：His results would appear so startling to the uninitiated that…，that句中又是主從句，從句用until連接，中插by which定語從句修飾 the processes。 【參考譯文】他的結論對無知的人來說是那么驚人，所以他們很可能認為他是個巫師，除非他們學會了他用以得出結論的過程。 4.Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. 【結構簡析】并列句，nor連接。前一句中有定語從句which修飾one，后一句nor為否定詞。 【參考譯文】像所有的其他藝術一樣，演繹分析科學是一種通過長期默默的研究，可以習得的學問，而我們的生命并不長得足以使任何凡人都能在這一領域取得可能是臻美的成就。 寫作方法與文章大意 這是一篇“傳記”，作者采用以反襯正的對比手法寫出了福爾摩斯之驚人才華。第一句話開明宗旨“他的無知和他的有知一樣卓越驚人”，接著就是種種無知，達到突出其有知的成就。兩方面表達，一是福爾摩斯對無知的解釋：不能照單全收；二是作者的反對見解襯托福之才華超人，能一滴水見大海。 答案詳解 1.A 贊揚。作者以無知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反對批評觀點來證明人物的正確。否定及所謂機刺旨在鋪墊。正反對比贊揚福之精明強悍，才智超人，洞察力強。 2.C 作者采用對比手法。 3.B 學習對你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把頭腦比作一個小小的空屋，不能隨意選擇家具（知識）塞滿空間，應選擇“有用之才”，免得填滿了廢物，把有用之才擠出去。 4.C 通過觀察和分析人會變得很敏銳。最后二段都是講福所寫文章的內容。善于觀察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本質，一點水能知大西洋。這種一葉知秋的本領是通過長期觀察、分析研究而得。也就是說，通過觀察分析，人可以變得敏感聰慧，因為萬物都有聯系。

　　高考英語二輪專題復習閱讀理解極限突破測試卷(9)

　　閱讀理解-----（A）

　　Sports shoes that out whether their owner has enough exercise to warrant time in front of the television have been devised in the UK.

　　The shoes—named Square Eyes—contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. A wireless transmitter passes the information to a receiver connected to a television, and this decides how much evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day’s efforts.

　　The design was inspired by a desire to fight against the rapidly ballooning waistlines among British teenagers, says Gillian Swan, who developed Square Eyes as a final year design project at Brunel University to London, UK. “We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,” she says. “And I wanted to tackle that with my design.”

　　Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps.

　　Swan calculated how exercise should translate to television time using the recommended daily amounts of both. Health experts suggest that a child take 12,000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television. So, every 100 steps recorded by the Square Eyes shoes equals precisely one minute of TV time.

　　Existing pedometers （計步器） normally clip onto a belt or slip into a pocket and keep count of steps by measuring sudden movement. Swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat. “It is possible, but it would be a lot of effort,” she says. “That was one of my main design considerations.”

　　(

　　) 1. According to Swan, the purpose of her design project is to ________.

　　A. keep a record of the steps of the wearer

　　B. deal with overweight among teenagers

　　C. enable children to resist the temptation of TV

　　D. prevent children from being tricked by TV programs

　　(

　　) 2. Which of the following is true of Square Eyes shoes?

　　A. They regulate a child’s evening TV viewing time.

　　B. They determine a child’s daily pocket money.

　　C. They have raised the hot issue of overweight.

　　D. They contain information of the receiver.

　　(

　　) 3. What is stressed by health experts in their suggestion?

　　A. The exact number of steps to be taken.

　　B. The precise number of hours spent on TV.

　　C. The proper amount of daily exercise and TV time.

　　D. The way of changing steps into TV watching time.

　　(

　　) 4. Compared with other similar products, the new design ________.

　　A. makes it difficult for lazy teenagers to cheat

　　B. counts the wearer’s steps through shaking

　　C. records the sudden movement of the wearer

　　D. sends teenagers’ health data to the receiver

　　(

　　) 5. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Smart Shoes Decide on Television Time

　　B. Smart Shoes Guarantee More Exercise

　　C. Smart Shoes Measure Time of Exercise

　　D. Smart Shoes Stop Childhood Overweight

　　71. B

　　這是一道推斷題。根據第三段“‘We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,’she says,‘And I want to tackle that with my design .’”可以推斷出這個設計是為了解決孩子超重的問題。

　　72. A

　　這是一道推斷題。根據第四段“Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps.”可知這種鞋利用走路的步數來控制孩子看電視的時間。

　　73. C

　　這是一道推斷題。根據第五段“Health experts suggest that a child take 12 000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television.”可以推斷出健康專家給出了每天合適的運動量和看電視時間。

　　74. A

　　這是一道推斷題。根據最后一段“Swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat.”可以推斷出類似產品可以用晃動來作弊,但是她設計的鞋使得懶惰的青少年很難作弊。

　　75. A

　　這是一道主旨題。本文主要介紹了一款智能運動鞋,利用孩子們每天的走步數來決定看電視的時間,起到控制體重的作用。

　　閱讀理解-----（B）

　　Pacing and Pausing

　　Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing. /gaokao/beijing

　　Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara.

　　It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel. /gaokao/beijing

　　The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思維定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in--and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.

　　That's why slight differences in conversational style--tiny little things like microseconds of pause-can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems---even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.

　　(

　　) 1. What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?

　　A. Betty was talkative.

　　B. Betty was an interrupter.

　　C. Betty did not take her turn. /gaokao/beijing

　　D. Betty paid no attention to Sara.

　　(

　　) 2. According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?

　　A. Americans.

　　B. Israelis.

　　C. The British.

　　D. The Finns.

　　(

　　) 3. We can learn from the passage that __

　　A. communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing

　　B. women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US

　　C. one's inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes

　　D. one should receive training to build up one's confidence

　　(

　　) 4. The underlined word "assertiveness" in the last paragraph probably means __

　　A. being willing to speak one's mind

　　B. being able to increase one's power

　　C. being ready to make one's own judgment /gaokao/beijing

　　D. being quick to express one's ideas confidently

　　64.C

　　細節題，難題。難在弄不清誰是S誰是B，耐心讀，動筆劃，從第一段得出正確答案并不難：Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation65.B

　　細節排序題，難題。還是耐心讀，動筆劃。S代表美國人，B代表英國人（加起來？），S比B期待談話間隙時間更短，又在以色列人(Israelis)說話時插不上嘴，故答案選說話嗒嗒嗒嗒的以色列人。

　　66.C

　　變態細節題，較難題。A不符原文，B無中生有，D無中生有，C關鍵要理解culturally determined，由文化決定或者受文化影響。

　　67.A

　　詞義猜測題，較難。難點在于A選項的干擾作用。原文說那位MM的inability to speak up注意別人認為她沒能力，不是說她不愿意。所以D比A好，此處用反義對比方法。Passage Nine(Holmes’ Knowledge) His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system. ? “You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.” ? “But the Solar System! ” I protested. ? “What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently. ? One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it. ? Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer. ? “From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ” ? This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it. 1.What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes? [A]Praising. Critical. [C]Ironical. [D]Distaste. 2.What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness? [A]By deduction. By explanation. [C]By contrast. [D]By analysis. 3.What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning? [A]Learning what every body learned. Learning what was useful to you. [C]Learning whatever you came across. [D]Learning what was different to you. 4.What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about? [A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation. One may become rather critical through observation and analysis. [C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis. [D]One may become practical through observation and analysis. Vocabulary 1.Thomas Carlyle ? ? ? ? ? 托馬斯?卡萊爾 1795-1881美國作家、歷史家、哲學家 2.jumble (up) ? ? ? ? ? 搞亂，使混亂 3.lay hand on (upon) sth. ?抓住，找到 4.at best ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? 最好的情況下 5.elbow out (off) ? ? ? ? ? 用胳膊肘擠出，推出 6.deuce = devil ? ? ? ? ?what the deuce is it to me? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 這里表示福爾摩斯的厭惡心理。 ? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 義：這倒霉的詞兒與我有什么關系？ ? ? ? ? ? ? 7.while away the time ? ? ? ? ?消磨/打發時間 8.shrewdness ? ? ? ? ?機敏，敏銳，犀利 9.far-fetched ? ? ? ? ?牽強附會，不自然 10.fathom ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?看穿/透，推測，探索 11.infallible ? ? ? ? ?一貫正確 12.uninitiated ? ? ? ? 對某事無知的 13.Euclid ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 歐幾里德（古希臘數學家） 14.necromancer ? ? ? ? 巫師 難句譯注 1.A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. 【結構簡析】主從句結構，主句A fool … 后跟lumber的定從that he comes across。從句so that 中有一knowledge的定從which; or鏈接前后兩個分詞crowded out 與jumbled up;但第一個so that 從句又是后面so that 的主句。 【參考譯文】蠢人把他碰到的每種木材（制家具）都拿進來。這樣，可能對他有用的知識都被擠出去；最好的情況下，也是和其他種種事情混在一起，所以他就很難抓住知識。 2.Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. 【結構簡析】并列句，連詞and后的句中有賓從how much…。 【參考譯文】這片文章稍有炫耀的標題是“生命之書”。它想證明一個善于觀察的人通過對他經歷到的一切事情都進行真正地系統地考察可以學到多少東西。 3.So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer. 【結構簡析】復合主從句，so that句型。So句是倒裝。正常句型應為：His results would appear so startling to the uninitiated that…，that句中又是主從句，從句用until連接，中插by which定語從句修飾 the processes。 【參考譯文】他的結論對無知的人來說是那么驚人，所以他們很可能認為他是個巫師，除非他們學會了他用以得出結論的過程。 4.Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. 【結構簡析】并列句，nor連接。前一句中有定語從句which修飾one，后一句nor為否定詞。 【參考譯文】像所有的其他藝術一樣，演繹分析科學是一種通過長期默默的研究，可以習得的學問，而我們的生命并不長得足以使任何凡人都能在這一領域取得可能是臻美的成就。 寫作方法與文章大意 這是一篇“傳記”，作者采用以反襯正的對比手法寫出了福爾摩斯之驚人才華。第一句話開明宗旨“他的無知和他的有知一樣卓越驚人”，接著就是種種無知，達到突出其有知的成就。兩方面表達，一是福爾摩斯對無知的解釋：不能照單全收；二是作者的反對見解襯托福之才華超人，能一滴水見大海。 答案詳解 1.A 贊揚。作者以無知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反對批評觀點來證明人物的正確。否定及所謂機刺旨在鋪墊。正反對比贊揚福之精明強悍，才智超人，洞察力強。 2.C 作者采用對比手法。 3.B 學習對你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把頭腦比作一個小小的空屋，不能隨意選擇家具（知識）塞滿空間，應選擇“有用之才”，免得填滿了廢物，把有用之才擠出去。 4.C 通過觀察和分析人會變得很敏銳。最后二段都是講福所寫文章的內容。善于觀察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本質，一點水能知大西洋。這種一葉知秋的本領是通過長期觀察、分析研究而得。也就是說，通過觀察分析，人可以變得敏感聰慧，因為萬物都有聯系。