選修6 Unit 3（1）

　　Unit 3　A healthy life　

　　1．a(chǎn)buse(n.& vt.)濫用；虐待

　　2．ban(vt.)禁止；取締

　　(n.)禁令；譴責(zé)

　　3．due(adj.)欠款的；預(yù)定的；到期的

　　4．quit(vt.)停止(做某事)；離開

　　5．effect(n.)結(jié)果；效力

　　6．desperate(adj.)絕望的；拼命的

　　7．a(chǎn)wkward(adj.)局促不安的；笨拙的

　　8．stress(n.)壓力；重音；(vt.)加壓力于；使緊張→stressful (adj.)產(chǎn)生壓力的；緊張的→stressed (adj.)焦慮不安的

　　9．a(chǎn)dolescent(n.)青少年；(adj.)青春期的→adolescence(n.)青春期

　　10．a(chǎn)ddicted(adj.)入了迷的；上了癮的→addiction(n.)沉溺；嗜好→addictive(adj.)使人上癮的

　　11．a(chǎn)ccustom(vt.)使習(xí)慣于→accustomed(adj.)慣常的；習(xí)慣了的

　　12．a(chǎn)utomatic(adj.)無意識(shí)的；自動(dòng)的→automatically(adv.)無意識(shí)地；自動(dòng)地

　　13．mental(adj.)精神的；智力的→mentally(adv.)精神上；智力上→physical(反義詞)身體的，肉體的

　　14．strengthen(vt.)加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng)；(vi.)變強(qiáng)→strength(n.)力氣，力量，強(qiáng)項(xiàng)

　　15．disappointed(adj.)失望的；沮喪的→disappointing(adj.)令人失望的→disappoint(vt.)使失望；使掃興→disappointment(n.)失望；沮喪

　　16．a(chǎn)shamed(adj.)感到慚愧或羞恥的→shame(n.)羞愧→shameful(adj.)可恥的→shameless(adj.)無恥的，厚顏的

　　1．due_to由于……

　　2．be_accustomed_to習(xí)慣于……

　　3．feel_like_(doing)想要(做)……

　　4．take_risks/a_risk冒險(xiǎn)

　　5．a(chǎn)t_risk處境危險(xiǎn)；遭受危險(xiǎn)

　　6．be_addicted_to對(duì)……有癮

　　7．decide_on對(duì)……作出決定

　　8．in_spite_of不顧；不管

　　9．get_into陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣)

　　10．that_is也就是說

　　11．reach_out_for接觸；夠著

　　12．manage_to_do_sth.設(shè)法完成……

　　1．I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.我的確希望這樣，因?yàn)槲蚁胱屇氵^上和我一樣長(zhǎng)壽而健康的生活。

　　名師指津：此句式為as＋adj.＋a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as...結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　例句仿寫：這個(gè)小伙子希望和他爺爺一樣過著儉樸的生活。

　　The man hopes to live as_simple_a_life as his grandpa.

　　2．Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.

　　每次你想吸煙的時(shí)候，要提醒自己你是一個(gè)不吸煙的人。

　　名師指津：every time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　例句仿寫：我每次見他，他總是隨身帶著他的筆記本電腦。

　　Every_time_I_meet_him，he always carries his notebook computer.

　　3．As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.

　　你知道，如果你反反復(fù)復(fù)地做同一件事，你就會(huì)自動(dòng)地做它。

　　名師指津：as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，意為“正如，正像”。

　　例句仿寫：正如多次強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)你們今后的職業(yè)發(fā)展非常重要。

　　As_has_been_stressed many times，learning English well is of great importance to your career development in future.

　　4．It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.

　　只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人發(fā)展成艾滋病時(shí)，他才開始看上去有病。

　　名師指津：本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

　　例句仿寫：我還記得三年前是在北京初次遇到你。

　　I still remember it_was_in_Beijing_that I first met you three years ago.

　　5．It is no good crying over spilt milk.

　　覆水難收。

　　名師指津：It is no good/use doing sth.做某事無用。

　　例句仿寫：勸說他沒用，他不會(huì)改變主意。

　　It_is_no_good/use_persuading him.He won’t change his mind.

　　stress n．重壓，逼迫，壓力；重音；重點(diǎn)；vt.加壓力于；使緊張；重讀

　　(2024·江西卷閱讀表達(dá))Fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress.釣魚是放松、快樂的，因此它可以緩解壓力。

　　(1)under stress在壓力之下

　　put sb.under great stress使某人感到沉重的壓力

　　lay/put stress on sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物

　　(2)stressed adj.焦慮不安的；心力交瘁的

　　(牛津P1997)Things can easily go wrong when people are_under_stress.人在壓力之下，辦事情容易出差錯(cuò)。

　　Cooperation or teamwork，the importance of which is often stressed，plays an important part in football matches.合作或協(xié)作，在足球比賽中起著重要作用，這一點(diǎn)經(jīng)常被強(qiáng)調(diào)。

　　(2024·江蘇書面表達(dá))It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society.不念舊惡也是一種美德，尤其是在這樣一個(gè)充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和壓力的社會(huì)里。

　　due adj.欠款的；預(yù)定的；到期的

　　教材原句P18：I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.

　　我想我之所以長(zhǎng)壽而且精力充沛，要?dú)w功于我的健康生活。

　　(1)be due 預(yù)定/計(jì)(做)某事 (2)(be) due to sb.應(yīng)支付/給予/歸于某人

　　(3)because of因?yàn)?較口語(yǔ)化)

　　owing to因?yàn)?較正式)

　　thanks to因?yàn)椋欢嗵澚?/p>

　　as a result of因?yàn)?/p>

　　on account of由于

　　The water shortage is severe mainly due_to_global_warming，environmental pollution and the ever-increasing population.水資源嚴(yán)重短缺主要是由全球變暖、環(huán)境污染和人口持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)造成的。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名學(xué)生要參加明天的會(huì)議。

　　Any money that is_due_to_you will be paid before the end of the month.欠你的錢將在月底之前全部支付給你。

　　Owing to our joint efforts，the task was finished ahead of time.

　　由于我們的共同努力，任務(wù)提前完成了。

　　effect n．結(jié)果；效力

　　教材原句P18：When I was young，I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking.

　　在我年輕的時(shí)候，關(guān)于吸煙的危害性我知道得并不多。

　　(1)have an effect/influence on/upon

　　對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響

　　come/go into effect生效

　　bring/carry/put...into effect實(shí)施；使生效/起作用

　　(2)effective adj.有效的；有影響的

　　(3)affect vt.影響

　　(2024·安徽卷)However，the accident had an unexpected side effect.然而，這次事故產(chǎn)生了讓人始料未及的副作用。

　　They decided to bring_the_plan_into_effect as soon as possible.

　　他們決定盡快實(shí)施這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。

　　The new law will come into effect/take effect next month.

　　這項(xiàng)新法律下個(gè)月生效。

　　What parents say and do will affect their children deeply/will have_a_deep_effect_on their children.

　　父母的言行對(duì)孩子影響非常深刻。

　　accustomed adj.習(xí)慣的，慣常的

　　(2024·福建卷閱讀理解)We’re accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things.

　　我們習(xí)慣于有把握地去做所有的事情。

　　(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表狀態(tài))

　　get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.

　　習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表不延續(xù)的動(dòng)作)

　　(2)accustom vt.使習(xí)慣于

　　accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.

　　使某人/自己習(xí)慣于……

　　Accustomed_to_climbing the steep mountain，he had no difficulty reaching the top.習(xí)慣于爬陡峭的山，他毫無困難地爬上山頂。

　　(廣東卷書面表達(dá))He quickly got accustomed to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college.

　　他很快適應(yīng)了大學(xué)里的濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍和豐富多彩的活動(dòng)。

　　(朗文P15)It took a while for me to accustom_myself_to all the new rules and regulations.

　　我經(jīng)過了一段時(shí)間后才適應(yīng)了所有新的規(guī)章制度。

　　addicted adj.入了迷的；上了癮的

　　教材原句P18：You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.你知道，當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子的時(shí)候，我也吸過煙，而且還上了癮。

　　(1)be/become/get addicted to sth./doing sth.

　　沉溺于……；專心做……

　　(2)addict vt.使沉溺；使上癮；n.有癮的人

　　addict oneself to sth.沉溺于……

　　a work addict工作狂

　　(3)addiction n．癖好

　　Teenagers who are_addicted_to_the_Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.有網(wǎng)癮的青少年更可能患憂郁癥。

　　Her son addicted himself to smoking，which had a bad effect on his health.

　　她的兒子吸煙上癮，這對(duì)他的健康有很壞的影響。

　　Addicted_to_playing computer games，the little boy has lost interest in his lessons.

　　迷戀于玩電腦游戲，這個(gè)小男孩對(duì)功課失去了興趣。

　　ashamed adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的

　　教材原句P19：If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed.如果你因意志薄弱而又吸煙了，也不要覺得難為情。

　　(1)be/feel ashamed of因……感到慚愧

　　be ashamed to do sth.恥于做某事

　　feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧

　　(2) ……真讓人遺憾

　　(3) 真可惜！

　　①I must admit to being ashamed for what had happened.

　　發(fā)生這樣的事我應(yīng)承認(rèn)我感到慚愧。

　　②It’s_a_shame that you can’t stay with us.

　　你不能留下來和我們?cè)谝黄鹛z憾了。

　　③What a shame！She should fail this round.

　　真可惜！這一輪她竟然敗下來了。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．People__________________________(禁止吸煙) in many public places in England.

　　答案：　are banned from smoking

　　2．Some government officials in that country were arrested for________________________(濫用權(quán)力) to get benefit for themselves and their relatives.

　　答案：　abusing their power

　　3．By the way，we often feel discouraged，which________________(有很壞的影響) our study.

　　答案：　has a very bad effect on

　　4．I________________________(很慚愧) that I have not finished the task on time.

　　答案：　feel quite ashamed

　　5．We all agreed on an idea to____________________(加強(qiáng)合作) between our parties.

　　答案：　strengthen the cooperation

　　Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空

　　1．(2024·福建質(zhì)量檢測(cè))—When is the next train arriving?

　　—It’s________at 7∶30.

　　A．due B．normal

　　C．straight D．convenient

　　解析：　考查形容詞辨析。句意為：——下一班火車什么時(shí)候到？——預(yù)計(jì)是7∶30。due意為“預(yù)期，預(yù)計(jì)”。根據(jù)句意可知，選A項(xiàng)。

　　答案：　A

　　2．(2024·寧夏銀川一中第四次考試)Often organized outdoors or at big venues________their popularity，music festivals provide one day or even several days of non-stop entertainment.

　　A．due to B．in spite of

　　C．in honor of D．a(chǎn)part from

　　解析：　考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意為：因?yàn)槭軞g迎，音樂節(jié)經(jīng)常在戶外或大的場(chǎng)地舉行，它們提供一天甚至幾天不停的娛樂。due to由于；in spite of盡管；in honor of為了表示對(duì)……的崇敬；apart from除……之外。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

　　答案：　A

　　3．(2024·長(zhǎng)沙市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三聯(lián)考)Accustomed to________in the beautiful country，Bead found it difficult to live in the crowded city.

　　A．living B．live

　　C．having lived D．have lived

　　解析：　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。be accustomed to doing sth.表示“習(xí)慣做某事”，其中to是介詞，后面應(yīng)用v.-ing形式，故選A項(xiàng)。

　　答案：　A

　　4．(2024·安徽蕪湖市模擬)To our great surprise，the city girl became________to country life very quickly.

　　A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．devoted

　　C．a(chǎn)ccustomed D．involved

　　解析：　考查形容詞辨析。句意為：令我們大為驚訝的是，那個(gè)城市女孩很快習(xí)慣了(accustomed)鄉(xiāng)村生活。accessible易接近的，可進(jìn)入的，可理解的；devoted獻(xiàn)身的，忠誠(chéng)的；involved有關(guān)的，卷入的，復(fù)雜的，均不符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案：　C

　　5．(2024·四級(jí)英語(yǔ))We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son’s illness had put him under great________.

　　A．emotion B．excitement

　　C．crisis D．stress

　　解析：　句意為：我們?cè)徚怂膲钠猓驗(yàn)槲覀冎浪麅鹤拥牟∈顾艿胶艽蟮膲毫Αut sb.under (great) stress使某人處境(非常)緊張，使某人受(很大)壓力。

　　答案：　D

　　6．He felt________of cheating in the exam，deciding never to do such things again.

　　A．shame B．a(chǎn)shamed

　　C．sorry D．shameful

　　解析：　be/feel ashamed of因……而羞愧，符合題意。shame不用于此結(jié)構(gòu)；sorry應(yīng)與介詞for連用；shameful用來形容事物，令人感到可恥的。

　　答案：　B

　　7．The price of houses has continued to fall in big cities thanks to the________of the government to control it.

　　A．efforts B．effect

　　C．influence D．management

　　解析：　句意為：由于政府努力控制，大城市里的房?jī)r(jià)持續(xù)降低。effort努力，符合句意。

　　答案：　A

　　8．(2024·太原模擬)The new survey shows that the number of students________computer games has been on the increase in recent years.

　　A．devoted to B．related to

　　C．connected to D．a(chǎn)ddicted to

　　解析：　be devoted to致力于；be related to與……有聯(lián)系；be connected to與……相關(guān)聯(lián)；be addicted to對(duì)……上癮的。addicted to是分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾“students”；指“對(duì)電腦游戲上癮的學(xué)生”，因此D項(xiàng)正確。

　　答案：　D

　　take risks/a risk冒險(xiǎn)教材原句P20：He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.

　　他覺得每一步都得作出決定而不是冒險(xiǎn)。

　　(1)at risk有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

　　at the risk of...冒著……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

　　take/run the risk of doing sth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事

　　take risks (a risk) to do冒險(xiǎn)做……

　　(2)risk doing sth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事

　　risk one’s life to do sth.冒著生命危險(xiǎn)做某事