專題十六　主旨大意

　　A

　　(2024·鄭州第二次質量預測)

　　It’s wonderful to go to another country,complete a volunteer project and feel that you really have a positive influence.But how can you become an international volunteer?

　　*Plan practically.Contact the organization a few months before leaving and find out if there are materials which are rare and hard to attain for the project.What you often consider plentiful here,such as nails or hammers,is in great need in other parts of the world.

　　*Do the project together,not on your own.You are a guest in the community.The most successful result is not that you build something and walk away,but that you and the community build something as a team.Share skills and build together.

　　*Be flexible.Not everything is going to happen as planned.Often the country doesn’t have the right tools,manpower,transportation or funds to get all the needed work done.In a word,it lacks infrastructure(基礎設施).

　　*Connect with the people in the community.Often you will have “downtime” outside of the range of the project.Rather than retreat to the group with whom you traveled,be sure to spend time with the people of the community.Listen to the things about their lives.If you can’t speak the language,smiles work wonders.And you will be surprised—you will find a way to communicate!

　　Volunteering is a special and life-changing experience for everyone involved.Be prepared that the person who may be changed most is you.It’s a joyful,often careful experience which will encourage you to view yourself,your neighbors and your world quite differently.

　　1.When you volunteer to join in a project,you are advised to 　.?

　　A.build something and walk away

　　B.make good preparations in advance

　　C.avoid involving locals in activities

　　D.depend on yourself to solve problems

　　2.According to the author,volunteering will 　.?

　　A.reduce challenges in the world

　　B.determine the future of a volunteer

　　C. change a person’s opinion of the world

　　D.benefit volunteers most in their learning

　　3.What is this passage mainly about?

　　A.What you prepare to become a volunteer.

　　B.Where volunteers are needed most in the world.

　　C.Why volunteering is popular with young people.

　　D.How volunteers develop a relationship with local people.

　　B

　　(2024·東北三校第一次聯考)

　　Welcome to the world of multitasking—a place where the measure of a person is how many jobs they can perform at the same time.In fact,if experts are to be believed,multitasking is a disastrous idea.

　　One of the opponents of multitasking is Dr. Clifford Nass,a professor at Stanford University.“People who multitask frequently are less able to pay attention;they’re worse at managing their memory,”he said.In his opinion,the loss that we get with multitasking is harmless in some situations,for example,part of doing business in the digital world;but you can’t do serious work like writing,thinking or solving an important problem this way.You do worse even as you think you’re doing better.All the time the research points to a simple fact:the brain cannot cope.When you stop midway through composing a report to check an email,you force your brain to stop and regroup.It is like pressing the pause button during a movie,meaning the film takes longer to watch.

　　And as for Dr. Nass,the problems extend beyond the brain.Young people who frequently multitask are not as socially and emotionally healthy as those who don’t.They just feel more emotionally satisfied and the feeling is so good and they are bound to desire it again.Todd Oppenheimer,a writer said,“We’ve become a very short-term society and don’t reward people for taking a lot of time on something.”He fears we may end up losing the next generation of great thinkers.“It’s really unfortunate because the long-term challenges of our world—environmental issues,financial issues—require people to think wisely about the long-term consequences of what they do.And it’s no coincidence that the kind of people who do think long-term don’t multitask.”

　　1.According to Dr. Nass,multitasking 　.?

　　A.makes the performance emotionally affected only

　　B.contributes to memorizing various things

　　C.may result in losing the next generation of great thinkers

　　D.can be performed using digital tools

　　2.From the passage,we can tell 　.?

　　A.the loss that we get with multitasking is harmless

　　B.we mistakenly believe that we’re doing better by switching between tasks

　　C.multitasking does harm to us in every area

　　D.for every task you add to your multitasking,you can finish your goal more quickly

　　3.Which of the following is a multitasking addict?

　　A.You turn your cellphone to silence when you’re out to dine with friends.

　　B.You watch from start to finish without distraction when playing a DVD.

　　C.You have your office desk covered with paperwork from various unfinished projects.

　　D.You feel that when you try to do too much at once,the result always suffers.

　　4.The author mainly wants to tell us 　.?

　　A.the less you switch,the better you do

　　B.it is more efficient to do things all in a mixed way

　　C.it takes longer for us to become a great thinker

　　D.we shouldn’t be lazy if we want to accomplish many tasks

　　##

　　A

　　【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文,主要介紹了要當一名國際志愿者應該具備的素質。

　　1.B　細節理解題。文章第二段說,在出發前的幾個月聯系好志愿服務機構,并了解志愿服務項目缺少的材料,你覺得很充足的東西比如釘子或錘子,在你要去的地方就可能會很稀缺,因此選B項,要事先做好準備。

　　2.C　細節理解題。由文章最后一段中的“Volunteering is a special and life-changing experience for everyone involved.”及“encourage you to view yourself,your neighbors and your world quite differently”可知應選C項,志愿活動改變一個人的世界觀。

　　3.A　主旨大意題。全文圍繞去當志愿者之前必須做的準備工作展開敘述,并闡述了志愿者工作的意義,因此本文的主題是A項,當一名志愿者需要做的準備工作。

　　B

　　【語篇導讀】這是一篇科普文。研究人員發現,同時做很多事情的人做事不專一,不僅會導致事倍功半,而且還會影響人們的社交與情感健康。

　　1.D　細節理解題。關于同時做很多事,第二段說在有些情況下,比如在數碼領域里做生意(doing business in the digital world)是無害的,因此選D項。文章說同時做很多事會影響我們在人際交往和情感方面的健康(A項錯),會使我們記性更差(B項錯),一位叫Todd的作家說這樣可能會使我們失去一位未來一代偉大的思想家(C項錯)。

　　2.B　推理判斷題。由第一段第二句可知,這個想法實際上害人不淺,因此B項正確;從第二段可知A、C兩項錯誤,因為multitasking有時是無害的,有時則會妨礙我們;第二段最后一句通過打比方的方式告訴我們,這樣會使事情做得更慢(D項錯)。

　　3.C　推理判斷題。從本題四個選項的陳述看,A、B、D三項都是專心做一件事,C項說辦公桌上放著各種沒有完工的項目的文件,這里的various unfinished projects屬于multitasking。故選C項。

　　4.A　主旨大意題。全文通過斯坦福大學一位教授的話告訴我們,同時做很多事不僅不能提高工作效率,反而對我們的健康不利,因此A項“角色轉換越少,做得就越好”是本文的主題。

　　專題十六　主旨大意

　　A

　　(2024·鄭州第二次質量預測)

　　It’s wonderful to go to another country,complete a volunteer project and feel that you really have a positive influence.But how can you become an international volunteer?

　　*Plan practically.Contact the organization a few months before leaving and find out if there are materials which are rare and hard to attain for the project.What you often consider plentiful here,such as nails or hammers,is in great need in other parts of the world.

　　*Do the project together,not on your own.You are a guest in the community.The most successful result is not that you build something and walk away,but that you and the community build something as a team.Share skills and build together.

　　*Be flexible.Not everything is going to happen as planned.Often the country doesn’t have the right tools,manpower,transportation or funds to get all the needed work done.In a word,it lacks infrastructure(基礎設施).

　　*Connect with the people in the community.Often you will have “downtime” outside of the range of the project.Rather than retreat to the group with whom you traveled,be sure to spend time with the people of the community.Listen to the things about their lives.If you can’t speak the language,smiles work wonders.And you will be surprised—you will find a way to communicate!

　　Volunteering is a special and life-changing experience for everyone involved.Be prepared that the person who may be changed most is you.It’s a joyful,often careful experience which will encourage you to view yourself,your neighbors and your world quite differently.

　　1.When you volunteer to join in a project,you are advised to 　.?

　　A.build something and walk away

　　B.make good preparations in advance

　　C.avoid involving locals in activities

　　D.depend on yourself to solve problems

　　2.According to the author,volunteering will 　.?

　　A.reduce challenges in the world

　　B.determine the future of a volunteer

　　C. change a person’s opinion of the world

　　D.benefit volunteers most in their learning

　　3.What is this passage mainly about?

　　A.What you prepare to become a volunteer.

　　B.Where volunteers are needed most in the world.

　　C.Why volunteering is popular with young people.

　　D.How volunteers develop a relationship with local people.

　　B

　　(2024·東北三校第一次聯考)

　　Welcome to the world of multitasking—a place where the measure of a person is how many jobs they can perform at the same time.In fact,if experts are to be believed,multitasking is a disastrous idea.

　　One of the opponents of multitasking is Dr. Clifford Nass,a professor at Stanford University.“People who multitask frequently are less able to pay attention;they’re worse at managing their memory,”he said.In his opinion,the loss that we get with multitasking is harmless in some situations,for example,part of doing business in the digital world;but you can’t do serious work like writing,thinking or solving an important problem this way.You do worse even as you think you’re doing better.All the time the research points to a simple fact:the brain cannot cope.When you stop midway through composing a report to check an email,you force your brain to stop and regroup.It is like pressing the pause button during a movie,meaning the film takes longer to watch.

　　And as for Dr. Nass,the problems extend beyond the brain.Young people who frequently multitask are not as socially and emotionally healthy as those who don’t.They just feel more emotionally satisfied and the feeling is so good and they are bound to desire it again.Todd Oppenheimer,a writer said,“We’ve become a very short-term society and don’t reward people for taking a lot of time on something.”He fears we may end up losing the next generation of great thinkers.“It’s really unfortunate because the long-term challenges of our world—environmental issues,financial issues—require people to think wisely about the long-term consequences of what they do.And it’s no coincidence that the kind of people who do think long-term don’t multitask.”

　　1.According to Dr. Nass,multitasking 　.?

　　A.makes the performance emotionally affected only

　　B.contributes to memorizing various things

　　C.may result in losing the next generation of great thinkers

　　D.can be performed using digital tools

　　2.From the passage,we can tell 　.?

　　A.the loss that we get with multitasking is harmless

　　B.we mistakenly believe that we’re doing better by switching between tasks

　　C.multitasking does harm to us in every area

　　D.for every task you add to your multitasking,you can finish your goal more quickly

　　3.Which of the following is a multitasking addict?

　　A.You turn your cellphone to silence when you’re out to dine with friends.

　　B.You watch from start to finish without distraction when playing a DVD.

　　C.You have your office desk covered with paperwork from various unfinished projects.

　　D.You feel that when you try to do too much at once,the result always suffers.

　　4.The author mainly wants to tell us 　.?

　　A.the less you switch,the better you do

　　B.it is more efficient to do things all in a mixed way

　　C.it takes longer for us to become a great thinker

　　D.we shouldn’t be lazy if we want to accomplish many tasks

　　##

　　A

　　【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文,主要介紹了要當一名國際志愿者應該具備的素質。

　　1.B　細節理解題。文章第二段說,在出發前的幾個月聯系好志愿服務機構,并了解志愿服務項目缺少的材料,你覺得很充足的東西比如釘子或錘子,在你要去的地方就可能會很稀缺,因此選B項,要事先做好準備。

　　2.C　細節理解題。由文章最后一段中的“Volunteering is a special and life-changing experience for everyone involved.”及“encourage you to view yourself,your neighbors and your world quite differently”可知應選C項,志愿活動改變一個人的世界觀。

　　3.A　主旨大意題。全文圍繞去當志愿者之前必須做的準備工作展開敘述,并闡述了志愿者工作的意義,因此本文的主題是A項,當一名志愿者需要做的準備工作。

　　B

　　【語篇導讀】這是一篇科普文。研究人員發現,同時做很多事情的人做事不專一,不僅會導致事倍功半,而且還會影響人們的社交與情感健康。

　　1.D　細節理解題。關于同時做很多事,第二段說在有些情況下,比如在數碼領域里做生意(doing business in the digital world)是無害的,因此選D項。文章說同時做很多事會影響我們在人際交往和情感方面的健康(A項錯),會使我們記性更差(B項錯),一位叫Todd的作家說這樣可能會使我們失去一位未來一代偉大的思想家(C項錯)。

　　2.B　推理判斷題。由第一段第二句可知,這個想法實際上害人不淺,因此B項正確;從第二段可知A、C兩項錯誤,因為multitasking有時是無害的,有時則會妨礙我們;第二段最后一句通過打比方的方式告訴我們,這樣會使事情做得更慢(D項錯)。

　　3.C　推理判斷題。從本題四個選項的陳述看,A、B、D三項都是專心做一件事,C項說辦公桌上放著各種沒有完工的項目的文件,這里的various unfinished projects屬于multitasking。故選C項。

　　4.A　主旨大意題。全文通過斯坦福大學一位教授的話告訴我們,同時做很多事不僅不能提高工作效率,反而對我們的健康不利,因此A項“角色轉換越少,做得就越好”是本文的主題。