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高考英語第二輪語法專題復習教案一:冠詞

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高考英語第二輪語法專題復習教案一:冠詞

  高考英語第二輪語法專題復習一

  冠詞The Article

  知識要點:

  冠詞是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞(The Indefinite Article)和定冠詞(The definite Article)兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞,a用在輔音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting

  book等。the是定冠詞。

  一、不定冠詞的用法

  1、指人或事物的某一種類(泛指)。這是不定冠詞a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.

  2、指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.

  A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。

  3、表示數量,有“一”的意思,但數的概念沒有one強烈。如:

  I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.

  4、用于某些固定詞組中。如:

  a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。

  5、用在抽象名詞前,表具體的介紹——a + 抽象名詞,起具體化的作用。如:

  This little girl is a joy to her parents. 這女孩對她父母來說是一個樂趣。

  It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交談真是一件愉快的事情。

  It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 參加這個會,對我來說是一種榮譽。

  二、定冠詞的用法:

  1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。這是定冠詞the的基本用法。如:

  Beijing is the capital of China.

  The pen on the desk is mine.

  2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如:

  Where is the teacher?

  Open the window, please.

  3、指上文提過的人或事物(第二次出現)。如:

  There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.

  The baby was thin.

  4、用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:

  the earth, the moon, the sun.

  5、用在序數詞和形容詞最高級前。(副詞最高級前的定冠詞可省略)如:

  He is always the first to come to school.

  Bob is the tallest in his class.

  6、用在某些專有名詞前(由普通名詞構成的專用名詞)。如:

  the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。

  7、用在一些習慣用語中。如:

  on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。

  8、用在江河湖海、山脈前。如:

  the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas

  9、用在報刊、雜志前。如:

  the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士報。

  10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如:

  The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。

  11、用在形容詞前,表某一類人。如:

  the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。

  12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內部的某處。如:

  The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).

  三、零冠詞(即不用冠詞):

  1、專用名詞和不可數名詞前。如:

  China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。

  2、名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞。如:

  Go down this street.

  3、復數名詞表示一類人或事物時。如:

  We are students.

  I like reading stories.

  4、節日、日期、月份、季節前。如:

  Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。

  Today is New Year’s Day.

  It is Sunday.

  March 8 is Women’s Day.

  5、在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前,尤其作表語、賓補時。如:

  What’s the matter, Granny?

  We elected him monitor.

  6、在某些習慣用語中的名詞前。如:

  at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。

  7、在三餐飯和球類運動前。如:

  She goes to school after breakfast every morning.

  We are going to play football.

  We usually have lunch at school.

  8、科目前不加。如:

  We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.

  【專項訓練】:

  1、 We can’t live withoutair.

  A.an

  B.×

  C.the

  D.some

  2、——Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning.

  ——Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.

  A.a; the

  B.the; the

  C.the; a

  D.a; a

  3、I’ve been waiting for him forhour andhalf.

  A.×; ×

  B.the; a

  C.a; the

  D.an; a

  4、Whatfine weather we have today!

  A.a

  B.×

  C.some

  D.an

  5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?

  A.a tree

  B.such tree

  C.an tree

  D.tree

  6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.

  A.×; the

  B.a; an

  C.the; ×

  D.the; the

  7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.

  A.×; the;×

  B.The; the; the

  C.A; a; a

  D.×;×;×

  8、They each have__book. Li Hua’s is aboutwriter. Wang Lin’s is on science.

  A.a; a; ×

  B.the; ×; the

  C.×; the; ×

  D.a; the; a

  9、Physics isscience of matter and energy.

  A.The; ×

  B.×; ×

  C.×; the

  D.A; a

  10、sun rises ineast and sets inwest.

  A.A; an; a

  B.The;×;×

  C.The; the; the

  D.A; the; a

  11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.

  A.a;×

  B.the; an

  C.the; the

  D.×; the

  12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad

  temper.A.×;a

  B.A;×

  C.The; the

  D.A; a

  13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one.

  A.a; the

  B.×;×

  C.×;a

  D.a; a

  14、what kind of car do you want to buy?

  A.×

  B.the

  C.a

  D.an

  15、Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.

  A.×; the

  B.×;×

  C.the; ×

  D.the; the

  16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing butspace.

  A.the; ×

  B.×; the

  C.×;×

  D.the; the

  17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.

  A.×

  B.a

  C.the

  D.one

  18、——Where’s Jack?

  ——I think he’s still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom.

  A.×;×

  B.the; the

  C.the; ×

  D.×; the

  19、Many people are still inhabit of writing silly things inpublic places.

  A.the; the

  B.×;×

  C.the; ×

  D.×; the

  20、——I’d likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.

  ——Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.

  A.some; a

  B.an; some

  C.some; some

  D.an; a

  【答案】:

  1、B

  air是不可數名詞。

  2、D

  此題為97年高考題。根據句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出現;第二空仍是泛指,且表數量“-”。

  3、D

  元音前用an。

  4、B

  weather是不可數名詞。

  5、A

  此題為85年高考題。泛指。

  6、A

  go to school是固定短語。

  7、B

  山脈、形容詞最高級及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。

  8、A

  第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可數名詞。

  9、C

  第一空,科目前不加冠詞;第二空特指,有定語。

  10、C

  11、A

  第一空,a + 不可數名詞表具體的介紹;第二空,trade不可數。

  12、D

  第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時候來訪。(括號里說明,我們倆都不認識這個人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短語,情緒不好。

  13、C

  第一空at dinner正在吃飯,固定短語。

  14、A

  泛指

  15、C

  此題是89年高考題:樂器前加定冠詞;music是不可數名詞。

  16、A

  此題是90年高考題:stars前應加定冠詞;space不可數。

  17、C

  此題是91年高考題:發明應是特指。

  18、D

  此題是92年高考題。in bed是固定短語,不加冠詞。

  19、C

  此題是93年高考題。第一空后有定語,固是特指。第二空, public places,公共場所,泛指。

  20、A

  此題是95年高考題。information是不可數名詞;have a word with sb.是固定短語。

  高考英語第二輪語法專題復習一

  冠詞The Article

  知識要點:

  冠詞是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞(The Indefinite Article)和定冠詞(The definite Article)兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞,a用在輔音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting

  book等。the是定冠詞。

  一、不定冠詞的用法

  1、指人或事物的某一種類(泛指)。這是不定冠詞a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.

  2、指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.

  A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。

  3、表示數量,有“一”的意思,但數的概念沒有one強烈。如:

  I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.

  4、用于某些固定詞組中。如:

  a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。

  5、用在抽象名詞前,表具體的介紹——a + 抽象名詞,起具體化的作用。如:

  This little girl is a joy to her parents. 這女孩對她父母來說是一個樂趣。

  It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交談真是一件愉快的事情。

  It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 參加這個會,對我來說是一種榮譽。

  二、定冠詞的用法:

  1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。這是定冠詞the的基本用法。如:

  Beijing is the capital of China.

  The pen on the desk is mine.

  2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如:

  Where is the teacher?

  Open the window, please.

  3、指上文提過的人或事物(第二次出現)。如:

  There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.

  The baby was thin.

  4、用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:

  the earth, the moon, the sun.

  5、用在序數詞和形容詞最高級前。(副詞最高級前的定冠詞可省略)如:

  He is always the first to come to school.

  Bob is the tallest in his class.

  6、用在某些專有名詞前(由普通名詞構成的專用名詞)。如:

  the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。

  7、用在一些習慣用語中。如:

  on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。

  8、用在江河湖海、山脈前。如:

  the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas

  9、用在報刊、雜志前。如:

  the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士報。

  10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如:

  The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。

  11、用在形容詞前,表某一類人。如:

  the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。

  12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內部的某處。如:

  The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).

  三、零冠詞(即不用冠詞):

  1、專用名詞和不可數名詞前。如:

  China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。

  2、名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞。如:

  Go down this street.

  3、復數名詞表示一類人或事物時。如:

  We are students.

  I like reading stories.

  4、節日、日期、月份、季節前。如:

  Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。

  Today is New Year’s Day.

  It is Sunday.

  March 8 is Women’s Day.

  5、在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前,尤其作表語、賓補時。如:

  What’s the matter, Granny?

  We elected him monitor.

  6、在某些習慣用語中的名詞前。如:

  at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。

  7、在三餐飯和球類運動前。如:

  She goes to school after breakfast every morning.

  We are going to play football.

  We usually have lunch at school.

  8、科目前不加。如:

  We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.

  【專項訓練】:

  1、 We can’t live withoutair.

  A.an

  B.×

  C.the

  D.some

  2、——Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning.

  ——Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.

  A.a; the

  B.the; the

  C.the; a

  D.a; a

  3、I’ve been waiting for him forhour andhalf.

  A.×; ×

  B.the; a

  C.a; the

  D.an; a

  4、Whatfine weather we have today!

  A.a

  B.×

  C.some

  D.an

  5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?

  A.a tree

  B.such tree

  C.an tree

  D.tree

  6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.

  A.×; the

  B.a; an

  C.the; ×

  D.the; the

  7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.

  A.×; the;×

  B.The; the; the

  C.A; a; a

  D.×;×;×

  8、They each have__book. Li Hua’s is aboutwriter. Wang Lin’s is on science.

  A.a; a; ×

  B.the; ×; the

  C.×; the; ×

  D.a; the; a

  9、Physics isscience of matter and energy.

  A.The; ×

  B.×; ×

  C.×; the

  D.A; a

  10、sun rises ineast and sets inwest.

  A.A; an; a

  B.The;×;×

  C.The; the; the

  D.A; the; a

  11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.

  A.a;×

  B.the; an

  C.the; the

  D.×; the

  12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad

  temper.A.×;a

  B.A;×

  C.The; the

  D.A; a

  13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one.

  A.a; the

  B.×;×

  C.×;a

  D.a; a

  14、what kind of car do you want to buy?

  A.×

  B.the

  C.a

  D.an

  15、Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.

  A.×; the

  B.×;×

  C.the; ×

  D.the; the

  16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing butspace.

  A.the; ×

  B.×; the

  C.×;×

  D.the; the

  17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.

  A.×

  B.a

  C.the

  D.one

  18、——Where’s Jack?

  ——I think he’s still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom.

  A.×;×

  B.the; the

  C.the; ×

  D.×; the

  19、Many people are still inhabit of writing silly things inpublic places.

  A.the; the

  B.×;×

  C.the; ×

  D.×; the

  20、——I’d likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.

  ——Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.

  A.some; a

  B.an; some

  C.some; some

  D.an; a

  【答案】:

  1、B

  air是不可數名詞。

  2、D

  此題為97年高考題。根據句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出現;第二空仍是泛指,且表數量“-”。

  3、D

  元音前用an。

  4、B

  weather是不可數名詞。

  5、A

  此題為85年高考題。泛指。

  6、A

  go to school是固定短語。

  7、B

  山脈、形容詞最高級及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。

  8、A

  第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可數名詞。

  9、C

  第一空,科目前不加冠詞;第二空特指,有定語。

  10、C

  11、A

  第一空,a + 不可數名詞表具體的介紹;第二空,trade不可數。

  12、D

  第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時候來訪。(括號里說明,我們倆都不認識這個人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短語,情緒不好。

  13、C

  第一空at dinner正在吃飯,固定短語。

  14、A

  泛指

  15、C

  此題是89年高考題:樂器前加定冠詞;music是不可數名詞。

  16、A

  此題是90年高考題:stars前應加定冠詞;space不可數。

  17、C

  此題是91年高考題:發明應是特指。

  18、D

  此題是92年高考題。in bed是固定短語,不加冠詞。

  19、C

  此題是93年高考題。第一空后有定語,固是特指。第二空, public places,公共場所,泛指。

  20、A

  此題是95年高考題。information是不可數名詞;have a word with sb.是固定短語。

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