高考英語第二輪語法專題復習教案一:冠詞
高考英語第二輪語法專題復習一
冠詞The Article
知識要點:
冠詞是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞(The Indefinite Article)和定冠詞(The definite Article)兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞,a用在輔音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting
book等。the是定冠詞。
一、不定冠詞的用法
1、指人或事物的某一種類(泛指)。這是不定冠詞a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
2、指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.
A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。
3、表示數量,有“一”的意思,但數的概念沒有one強烈。如:
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4、用于某些固定詞組中。如:
a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名詞前,表具體的介紹——a + 抽象名詞,起具體化的作用。如:
This little girl is a joy to her parents. 這女孩對她父母來說是一個樂趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交談真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 參加這個會,對我來說是一種榮譽。
二、定冠詞的用法:
1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。這是定冠詞the的基本用法。如:
Beijing is the capital of China.
The pen on the desk is mine.
2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如:
Where is the teacher?
Open the window, please.
3、指上文提過的人或事物(第二次出現)。如:
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
The baby was thin.
4、用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:
the earth, the moon, the sun.
5、用在序數詞和形容詞最高級前。(副詞最高級前的定冠詞可省略)如:
He is always the first to come to school.
Bob is the tallest in his class.
6、用在某些專有名詞前(由普通名詞構成的專用名詞)。如:
the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
7、用在一些習慣用語中。如:
on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、用在江河湖海、山脈前。如:
the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
9、用在報刊、雜志前。如:
the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士報。
10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如:
The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容詞前,表某一類人。如:
the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內部的某處。如:
The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
三、零冠詞(即不用冠詞):
1、專用名詞和不可數名詞前。如:
China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
2、名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞。如:
Go down this street.
3、復數名詞表示一類人或事物時。如:
We are students.
I like reading stories.
4、節日、日期、月份、季節前。如:
Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
Today is New Year’s Day.
It is Sunday.
March 8 is Women’s Day.
5、在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前,尤其作表語、賓補時。如:
What’s the matter, Granny?
We elected him monitor.
6、在某些習慣用語中的名詞前。如:
at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐飯和球類運動前。如:
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.
We are going to play football.
We usually have lunch at school.
8、科目前不加。如:
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
【專項訓練】:
1、 We can’t live withoutair.
A.an
B.×
C.the
D.some
2、——Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning.
——Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A.a; the
B.the; the
C.the; a
D.a; a
3、I’ve been waiting for him forhour andhalf.
A.×; ×
B.the; a
C.a; the
D.an; a
4、Whatfine weather we have today!
A.a
B.×
C.some
D.an
5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?
A.a tree
B.such tree
C.an tree
D.tree
6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.
A.×; the
B.a; an
C.the; ×
D.the; the
7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.
A.×; the;×
B.The; the; the
C.A; a; a
D.×;×;×
8、They each have__book. Li Hua’s is aboutwriter. Wang Lin’s is on science.
A.a; a; ×
B.the; ×; the
C.×; the; ×
D.a; the; a
9、Physics isscience of matter and energy.
A.The; ×
B.×; ×
C.×; the
D.A; a
10、sun rises ineast and sets inwest.
A.A; an; a
B.The;×;×
C.The; the; the
D.A; the; a
11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.
A.a;×
B.the; an
C.the; the
D.×; the
12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad
temper.A.×;a
B.A;×
C.The; the
D.A; a
13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one.
A.a; the
B.×;×
C.×;a
D.a; a
14、what kind of car do you want to buy?
A.×
B.the
C.a
D.an
15、Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.
A.×; the
B.×;×
C.the; ×
D.the; the
16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing butspace.
A.the; ×
B.×; the
C.×;×
D.the; the
17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.
A.×
B.a
C.the
D.one
18、——Where’s Jack?
——I think he’s still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom.
A.×;×
B.the; the
C.the; ×
D.×; the
19、Many people are still inhabit of writing silly things inpublic places.
A.the; the
B.×;×
C.the; ×
D.×; the
20、——I’d likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.
——Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.
A.some; a
B.an; some
C.some; some
D.an; a
【答案】:
1、B
air是不可數名詞。
2、D
此題為97年高考題。根據句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出現;第二空仍是泛指,且表數量“-”。
3、D
元音前用an。
4、B
weather是不可數名詞。
5、A
此題為85年高考題。泛指。
6、A
go to school是固定短語。
7、B
山脈、形容詞最高級及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。
8、A
第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可數名詞。
9、C
第一空,科目前不加冠詞;第二空特指,有定語。
10、C
11、A
第一空,a + 不可數名詞表具體的介紹;第二空,trade不可數。
12、D
第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時候來訪。(括號里說明,我們倆都不認識這個人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短語,情緒不好。
13、C
第一空at dinner正在吃飯,固定短語。
14、A
泛指
15、C
此題是89年高考題:樂器前加定冠詞;music是不可數名詞。
16、A
此題是90年高考題:stars前應加定冠詞;space不可數。
17、C
此題是91年高考題:發明應是特指。
18、D
此題是92年高考題。in bed是固定短語,不加冠詞。
19、C
此題是93年高考題。第一空后有定語,固是特指。第二空, public places,公共場所,泛指。
20、A
此題是95年高考題。information是不可數名詞;have a word with sb.是固定短語。
高考英語第二輪語法專題復習一
冠詞The Article
知識要點:
冠詞是一種虛詞,放在名詞的前面,幫助說明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞(The Indefinite Article)和定冠詞(The definite Article)兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞,a用在輔音之前:如a book, a man; an用在元音之前,如:an old man, an hour, an interesting
book等。the是定冠詞。
一、不定冠詞的用法
1、指人或事物的某一種類(泛指)。這是不定冠詞a (an)的基本用法。如:She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple.
2、指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。如:He borrowed a story-book from the library.
A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。
3、表示數量,有“一”的意思,但數的概念沒有one強烈。如:
I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes.
4、用于某些固定詞組中。如:
a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。
5、用在抽象名詞前,表具體的介紹——a + 抽象名詞,起具體化的作用。如:
This little girl is a joy to her parents. 這女孩對她父母來說是一個樂趣。
It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交談真是一件愉快的事情。
It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 參加這個會,對我來說是一種榮譽。
二、定冠詞的用法:
1、特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。這是定冠詞the的基本用法。如:
Beijing is the capital of China.
The pen on the desk is mine.
2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如:
Where is the teacher?
Open the window, please.
3、指上文提過的人或事物(第二次出現)。如:
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
The baby was thin.
4、用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。如:
the earth, the moon, the sun.
5、用在序數詞和形容詞最高級前。(副詞最高級前的定冠詞可省略)如:
He is always the first to come to school.
Bob is the tallest in his class.
6、用在某些專有名詞前(由普通名詞構成的專用名詞)。如:
the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。
7、用在一些習慣用語中。如:
on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。
8、用在江河湖海、山脈前。如:
the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas
9、用在報刊、雜志前。如:
the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士報。
10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如:
The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。
11、用在形容詞前,表某一類人。如:
the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。
12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內部的某處。如:
The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car).
三、零冠詞(即不用冠詞):
1、專用名詞和不可數名詞前。如:
China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。
2、名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞。如:
Go down this street.
3、復數名詞表示一類人或事物時。如:
We are students.
I like reading stories.
4、節日、日期、月份、季節前。如:
Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。
Today is New Year’s Day.
It is Sunday.
March 8 is Women’s Day.
5、在稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前,尤其作表語、賓補時。如:
What’s the matter, Granny?
We elected him monitor.
6、在某些習慣用語中的名詞前。如:
at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。
7、在三餐飯和球類運動前。如:
She goes to school after breakfast every morning.
We are going to play football.
We usually have lunch at school.
8、科目前不加。如:
We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects.
【專項訓練】:
1、 We can’t live withoutair.
A.an
B.×
C.the
D.some
2、——Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning.
——Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A.a; the
B.the; the
C.the; a
D.a; a
3、I’ve been waiting for him forhour andhalf.
A.×; ×
B.the; a
C.a; the
D.an; a
4、Whatfine weather we have today!
A.a
B.×
C.some
D.an
5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one?
A.a tree
B.such tree
C.an tree
D.tree
6、Children usually go toschool atage of six.
A.×; the
B.a; an
C.the; ×
D.the; the
7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld.
A.×; the;×
B.The; the; the
C.A; a; a
D.×;×;×
8、They each have__book. Li Hua’s is aboutwriter. Wang Lin’s is on science.
A.a; a; ×
B.the; ×; the
C.×; the; ×
D.a; the; a
9、Physics isscience of matter and energy.
A.The; ×
B.×; ×
C.×; the
D.A; a
10、sun rises ineast and sets inwest.
A.A; an; a
B.The;×;×
C.The; the; the
D.A; the; a
11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today.
A.a;×
B.the; an
C.the; the
D.×; the
12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad
temper.A.×;a
B.A;×
C.The; the
D.A; a
13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one.
A.a; the
B.×;×
C.×;a
D.a; a
14、what kind of car do you want to buy?
A.×
B.the
C.a
D.an
15、Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.
A.×; the
B.×;×
C.the; ×
D.the; the
16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing butspace.
A.the; ×
B.×; the
C.×;×
D.the; the
17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876.
A.×
B.a
C.the
D.one
18、——Where’s Jack?
——I think he’s still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom.
A.×;×
B.the; the
C.the; ×
D.×; the
19、Many people are still inhabit of writing silly things inpublic places.
A.the; the
B.×;×
C.the; ×
D.×; the
20、——I’d likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please.
——Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.
A.some; a
B.an; some
C.some; some
D.an; a
【答案】:
1、B
air是不可數名詞。
2、D
此題為97年高考題。根據句意,第一空是泛指,第一次出現;第二空仍是泛指,且表數量“-”。
3、D
元音前用an。
4、B
weather是不可數名詞。
5、A
此題為85年高考題。泛指。
6、A
go to school是固定短語。
7、B
山脈、形容詞最高級及世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。
8、A
第一、二空泛指,第三空,science是不可數名詞。
9、C
第一空,科目前不加冠詞;第二空特指,有定語。
10、C
11、A
第一空,a + 不可數名詞表具體的介紹;第二空,trade不可數。
12、D
第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時候來訪。(括號里說明,我們倆都不認識這個人,因此不是特指。)第二空是固定短語,情緒不好。
13、C
第一空at dinner正在吃飯,固定短語。
14、A
泛指
15、C
此題是89年高考題:樂器前加定冠詞;music是不可數名詞。
16、A
此題是90年高考題:stars前應加定冠詞;space不可數。
17、C
此題是91年高考題:發明應是特指。
18、D
此題是92年高考題。in bed是固定短語,不加冠詞。
19、C
此題是93年高考題。第一空后有定語,固是特指。第二空, public places,公共場所,泛指。
20、A
此題是95年高考題。information是不可數名詞;have a word with sb.是固定短語。