知識盤點 真題探究 1. 考查虛擬語氣的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常見形式。 2. 考查混合虛擬條件句和隱含虛擬條件句。 3. 考查虛擬語氣和陳述語氣的辨析,從上下文語境辨析說話人的真實語意;考查虛擬語氣和陳述語氣的混合使用。 4. 根據(jù)虛擬語氣提供的條件來確定真實語氣中動詞的形式。 考點1　虛擬語氣在虛擬條件句中的應(yīng)用 1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)或現(xiàn)在實現(xiàn)可能性不大的情況,條件從句用動詞過去時(be用were), 主句用“would / should / could / might +動詞原形”。 知識盤點 真題探究 If I were a bird, I could fly. 要是我是一只鳥的話,我就能飛了。 2.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè) 條件從句用“had +過去分詞”,主句用“would / should / could / might + have + 過去分詞”。 If we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train. 如果我們早點出發(fā),就不會錯過這趟列車了。 3.表示與將來情形相反的假設(shè)或極少有可能實現(xiàn)的情況 條件從句用“動詞過去式或should +動詞原形或were to +動詞原形”,主句用“would / should / could / might +動詞原形”。 知識盤點 真題探究 If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him ques-tions.如果李教授明天有時間的話,我們就可以問他問題了。 考點2　錯綜時間虛擬句 通常情況下,在非真實條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指時間是一致的,但有時也可能指不同的時間,這時要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. 如果今天上午帶上雨衣的話,我現(xiàn)在就不會淋濕了。(從句指過去,主句指現(xiàn)在) 知識盤點 真題探究 考點3　含蓄條件句 有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示,而是由otherwise, or, but, without, but for等來引導(dǎo)。 But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 要是沒有你的建議,我就不會那么成功地完成它。 I was so busy then, otherwise / or I would have helped you. 那時我太忙了,否則我就會幫助你們了。 注1:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示;表明”,用陳述語氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

　　知識盤點 真題探究 注2:當(dāng)insist表示“強(qiáng)調(diào);堅持(某種觀點、看法)”時,用陳述語氣。 John insisted that his wallet had been stolen by Bob.(陳述語氣) 考點4　條件狀語從句的省略 在書面語中,如果虛擬條件從句里含有should, had, were時,則可將從屬連詞if省去,將這三個詞放在句首形成部分倒裝。 Were he in your position, he??d have done the same.如果他在你的位置上,他也會那么做。 考點5　賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 在suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, require, com- 知識盤點 真題探究 mand, order, insist, desire, urge 等詞的賓語從句中,要用“(should +)動詞原形”來表示愿望、建議、命令、要求等。由上述動詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語從句或表語從句也要用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。 She suggests that we (should) give up the plan. 她建議我們放棄這項計劃。 Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan.她的建議是讓我們放棄這個計劃。 I agree to her suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 我贊成她讓我們放棄這個計劃的建議。 知識盤點 真題探究 考點6　主語從句中的虛擬語氣 在“It is / was + 某些形容詞/過去分詞+ that從句”句型中,that從句中的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,即“(should+)動詞原形”,表示驚奇、遺憾、懷疑、不滿等。這些形容詞有:important, necessary, es-sential, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, aston-ishing, surprising; 過去分詞有:desired, suggested, requested, recom-mended, ordered, proposed, decided等。 It is strange that she shouldn??t have been invited. 她竟然沒有被邀請,真是奇怪。 知識盤點 真題探究 考點7　虛擬語氣在動詞wish后的賓語從句中的應(yīng)用 在wish后面的賓語從句中,表示很難實現(xiàn)的愿望,通常可以譯成“但愿……”,“要是……就好了”,“可惜……”等。從句的謂語形式如下: 1.表示現(xiàn)在:用過去式 He wishes that he were a scientist.

　　2.表示將來:用“could / would +動詞原形” I wish I could fly to the moon one day in the future. 3.表示過去:用過去完成時 知識盤點 真題探究 I wish I had come earlier. 考點8　if only引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣 在if only引起的感嘆句中,謂語動詞也用虛擬語氣,其用法同wish的賓語從句的虛擬形式相同。 If only the driver didn??t drive so fast!司機(jī)要是不開那么快就好了。 考點9　虛擬語氣在would rather后接從句中的用法 1.從句指過去,用過去完成時 I??d rather you had seen me.

　　知識盤點 真題探究 2.從句指現(xiàn)在、將來,用一般過去時 I??d rather you went with me tomorrow. 考點10　as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 在as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語動詞與wish的賓語從句的虛擬形式相同。 He speaks English as if he were an American. 他說起英語來就像他是美國人似的。 考點11　look, seem等系動詞后的“as if / though”從句中的虛擬語氣 知識盤點 真題探究 在look, seem等系動詞后的“as if / though”引導(dǎo)的從句,當(dāng)表示真實情況時,用陳述語氣;否則就用虛擬語氣。 It seems as if they know each other. 他們好像彼此認(rèn)識。(真實情況) It seems as if it were already spring. 好像已經(jīng)是春天了。(虛擬語氣) 考點12　“It is (about / high) + that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動詞常用過去式表示虛擬語氣。 It is high time that people leant English. 到了人們學(xué)英語的時候了。 考點13　in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 知識盤點 真題探究 在in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中,謂語動詞用“should +動詞原形”的形式,也可用動詞的一般現(xiàn)在式或一般過去式。 He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地拿著儀器,生怕把它摔碎了。 ?

　　知識盤點 真題探究 1.(2011北京) Maybe if I 　???? science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A.studied　B.would study C.had studied 　

　　　D.was studying 【答案與解析】C　句意:如果我當(dāng)時學(xué)的理科而不是文科,那么我現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與過去事實相反,if引導(dǎo)的從句用had +過去分詞。 知識盤點 真題探究 2.(2011陜西) I 　???? through that bitter period without your gen-erous help. A.couldn??t have goneB.didn??t go C.wouldn??t go　

　　　D.hadn??t gone 【答案與解析】A　句意:如果沒有你的慷慨相助的話,我不可能熬過那段艱苦的日子。without your generous help相當(dāng)于含蓄條件句if it hadn??t been for your generous help, 此處表示與過去事實相反,所以主句部分應(yīng)采用couldn??t have done 結(jié)構(gòu),表示“本不可能”。 知識盤點 真題探究 3.(2011福建)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

　　—I 　???? it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.attended

　　B.had attended C.would attend

　　D.would have attended 【答案與解析】D　句意:“很可惜,你錯過了這次有關(guān)核污染的演講。”“我本來要參加,但忙于準(zhǔn)備工作面試。”根據(jù)but后面的內(nèi)容可知,設(shè)空處為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,用would have done。 知識盤點 真題探究 4.(2011北京) —Where are the children? The dinner??s going to be completely ruined.

　　—I wish they 　???? always late.

　　A.weren??t 　

　　　B.hadn??t been C.wouldn??t be D.wouldn??t have been 【答案與解析】A　句意:“孩子們都到哪里去了?這頓飯就要被他們徹底破壞了。”“我希望他們不要總是遲到。”本題考查虛擬語氣。wish后跟that從句采用虛擬語氣,與現(xiàn)在事實相反的用一般過去時,與過去事實相反的用過去完成時。本題表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反, 所以用一般過去時。 知識盤點 真題探究 5.(2011江西) We 　???? John??s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put 　

　　　B.will have put C.would put D.would have put 【答案與解析】D　句意:要不是John最近受了傷,我們昨天就把他的名字加到比賽名單上了。根據(jù)題干所提供的信息可知,設(shè)空處為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,故謂語動詞用“would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞”。 知識盤點 真題探究

　　知識盤點 真題探究 1. 考查虛擬語氣的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常見形式。 2. 考查混合虛擬條件句和隱含虛擬條件句。 3. 考查虛擬語氣和陳述語氣的辨析,從上下文語境辨析說話人的真實語意;考查虛擬語氣和陳述語氣的混合使用。 4. 根據(jù)虛擬語氣提供的條件來確定真實語氣中動詞的形式。 考點1　虛擬語氣在虛擬條件句中的應(yīng)用 1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)或現(xiàn)在實現(xiàn)可能性不大的情況,條件從句用動詞過去時(be用were), 主句用“would / should / could / might +動詞原形”。 知識盤點 真題探究 If I were a bird, I could fly. 要是我是一只鳥的話,我就能飛了。 2.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè) 條件從句用“had +過去分詞”,主句用“would / should / could / might + have + 過去分詞”。 If we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train. 如果我們早點出發(fā),就不會錯過這趟列車了。 3.表示與將來情形相反的假設(shè)或極少有可能實現(xiàn)的情況 條件從句用“動詞過去式或should +動詞原形或were to +動詞原形”,主句用“would / should / could / might +動詞原形”。 知識盤點 真題探究 If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him ques-tions.如果李教授明天有時間的話,我們就可以問他問題了。 考點2　錯綜時間虛擬句 通常情況下,在非真實條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指時間是一致的,但有時也可能指不同的時間,這時要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. 如果今天上午帶上雨衣的話,我現(xiàn)在就不會淋濕了。(從句指過去,主句指現(xiàn)在) 知識盤點 真題探究 考點3　含蓄條件句 有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示,而是由otherwise, or, but, without, but for等來引導(dǎo)。 But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 要是沒有你的建議,我就不會那么成功地完成它。 I was so busy then, otherwise / or I would have helped you. 那時我太忙了,否則我就會幫助你們了。 注1:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示;表明”,用陳述語氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

　　知識盤點 真題探究 注2:當(dāng)insist表示“強(qiáng)調(diào);堅持(某種觀點、看法)”時,用陳述語氣。 John insisted that his wallet had been stolen by Bob.(陳述語氣) 考點4　條件狀語從句的省略 在書面語中,如果虛擬條件從句里含有should, had, were時,則可將從屬連詞if省去,將這三個詞放在句首形成部分倒裝。 Were he in your position, he??d have done the same.如果他在你的位置上,他也會那么做。 考點5　賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 在suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, require, com- 知識盤點 真題探究 mand, order, insist, desire, urge 等詞的賓語從句中,要用“(should +)動詞原形”來表示愿望、建議、命令、要求等。由上述動詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語從句或表語從句也要用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。 She suggests that we (should) give up the plan. 她建議我們放棄這項計劃。 Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan.她的建議是讓我們放棄這個計劃。 I agree to her suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 我贊成她讓我們放棄這個計劃的建議。 知識盤點 真題探究 考點6　主語從句中的虛擬語氣 在“It is / was + 某些形容詞/過去分詞+ that從句”句型中,that從句中的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,即“(should+)動詞原形”,表示驚奇、遺憾、懷疑、不滿等。這些形容詞有:important, necessary, es-sential, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, aston-ishing, surprising; 過去分詞有:desired, suggested, requested, recom-mended, ordered, proposed, decided等。 It is strange that she shouldn??t have been invited. 她竟然沒有被邀請,真是奇怪。 知識盤點 真題探究 考點7　虛擬語氣在動詞wish后的賓語從句中的應(yīng)用 在wish后面的賓語從句中,表示很難實現(xiàn)的愿望,通常可以譯成“但愿……”,“要是……就好了”,“可惜……”等。從句的謂語形式如下: 1.表示現(xiàn)在:用過去式 He wishes that he were a scientist.

　　2.表示將來:用“could / would +動詞原形” I wish I could fly to the moon one day in the future. 3.表示過去:用過去完成時 知識盤點 真題探究 I wish I had come earlier. 考點8　if only引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語氣 在if only引起的感嘆句中,謂語動詞也用虛擬語氣,其用法同wish的賓語從句的虛擬形式相同。 If only the driver didn??t drive so fast!司機(jī)要是不開那么快就好了。 考點9　虛擬語氣在would rather后接從句中的用法 1.從句指過去,用過去完成時 I??d rather you had seen me.

　　知識盤點 真題探究 2.從句指現(xiàn)在、將來,用一般過去時 I??d rather you went with me tomorrow. 考點10　as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 在as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語動詞與wish的賓語從句的虛擬形式相同。 He speaks English as if he were an American. 他說起英語來就像他是美國人似的。 考點11　look, seem等系動詞后的“as if / though”從句中的虛擬語氣 知識盤點 真題探究 在look, seem等系動詞后的“as if / though”引導(dǎo)的從句,當(dāng)表示真實情況時,用陳述語氣;否則就用虛擬語氣。 It seems as if they know each other. 他們好像彼此認(rèn)識。(真實情況) It seems as if it were already spring. 好像已經(jīng)是春天了。(虛擬語氣) 考點12　“It is (about / high) + that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動詞常用過去式表示虛擬語氣。 It is high time that people leant English. 到了人們學(xué)英語的時候了。 考點13　in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 知識盤點 真題探究 在in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中,謂語動詞用“should +動詞原形”的形式,也可用動詞的一般現(xiàn)在式或一般過去式。 He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地拿著儀器,生怕把它摔碎了。 ?

　　知識盤點 真題探究 1.(2011北京) Maybe if I 　???? science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A.studied　B.would study C.had studied 　

　　　D.was studying 【答案與解析】C　句意:如果我當(dāng)時學(xué)的理科而不是文科,那么我現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與過去事實相反,if引導(dǎo)的從句用had +過去分詞。 知識盤點 真題探究 2.(2011陜西) I 　???? through that bitter period without your gen-erous help. A.couldn??t have goneB.didn??t go C.wouldn??t go　

　　　D.hadn??t gone 【答案與解析】A　句意:如果沒有你的慷慨相助的話,我不可能熬過那段艱苦的日子。without your generous help相當(dāng)于含蓄條件句if it hadn??t been for your generous help, 此處表示與過去事實相反,所以主句部分應(yīng)采用couldn??t have done 結(jié)構(gòu),表示“本不可能”。 知識盤點 真題探究 3.(2011福建)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

　　—I 　???? it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.attended

　　B.had attended C.would attend

　　D.would have attended 【答案與解析】D　句意:“很可惜,你錯過了這次有關(guān)核污染的演講。”“我本來要參加,但忙于準(zhǔn)備工作面試。”根據(jù)but后面的內(nèi)容可知,設(shè)空處為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,用would have done。 知識盤點 真題探究 4.(2011北京) —Where are the children? The dinner??s going to be completely ruined.

　　—I wish they 　???? always late.

　　A.weren??t 　

　　　B.hadn??t been C.wouldn??t be D.wouldn??t have been 【答案與解析】A　句意:“孩子們都到哪里去了?這頓飯就要被他們徹底破壞了。”“我希望他們不要總是遲到。”本題考查虛擬語氣。wish后跟that從句采用虛擬語氣,與現(xiàn)在事實相反的用一般過去時,與過去事實相反的用過去完成時。本題表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反, 所以用一般過去時。 知識盤點 真題探究 5.(2011江西) We 　???? John??s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put 　

　　　B.will have put C.would put D.would have put 【答案與解析】D　句意:要不是John最近受了傷,我們昨天就把他的名字加到比賽名單上了。根據(jù)題干所提供的信息可知,設(shè)空處為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,故謂語動詞用“would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞”。 知識盤點 真題探究