高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)精品課件：專題二語法 第3講定語從句（大綱版湖北專用）
五、“one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語從句中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)情況
1. He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修飾the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school. ( 修飾the teachers)
2. This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修飾the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修飾rooms)
關(guān)系詞是用在定語從句中來代替先行詞的,選擇關(guān)系詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞在定語從句中作何成分。作主語、賓語或表語時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞,指人用who (賓格用whom)或that,指物用which或that;如果作狀語,則選用關(guān)系副詞,分別用when, where, why代替時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語;如果先行詞在定語從句中作定語,則不管指人還是指物,都可用whose。
考點(diǎn)一: 考查關(guān)系詞的基本用法 例
（2009·福建）It’s helpful to put children in a situation
they can see themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
考查定語從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where，選D。
剖析 考點(diǎn)二: 考查as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 用來代替整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分內(nèi)容的用法 例
（2009·山東）Whenever I met her,
was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who
B. which
C. when
D. that
非限制性定語從句，指代前面一個(gè)句子，故用which。
剖析 考點(diǎn)三: “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法
當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí),往往可以把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,構(gòu)成“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)”結(jié)構(gòu)。但一些短語動(dòng)詞(如look after等)中的介詞不能與動(dòng)詞分開,故不能放在關(guān)系代詞之前。 例
（2009·陜西）Gun control is a subject
Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which
B. with which
C. about which
D. into which
考查定語從句，先行詞是Gun control，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，介詞前置，介詞與從句動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth，選C。
剖析 考點(diǎn)四：分隔式定語從句的用法
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面, 但有些時(shí)候也會(huì)被同位語、狀語、謂語、其他定語等成分分隔。此時(shí)能夠理清句子結(jié)構(gòu),
慧眼識(shí)別先行詞就顯得特別重要。
例
（2009·四川）She’ll never forget her stay there
she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
考查定語從句的用法。her stay為先行詞，可以理解為抽象的一段時(shí)間（她待在那里期間），when指代her stay在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。
剖析 例
（2009·天津）I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day,
do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as
B. which
C. when
D. though
本句as引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)狀語從句，且狀語從句倒裝。句意：正如許多住在天津市內(nèi)的商務(wù)人士一樣，我每天乘坐輕軌去濱海新區(qū)。
剖析
定語從句易與狀語從句、同位語從句、并列句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)等混淆,在做題時(shí)要細(xì)心識(shí)別。
語 法 第3講
定語從句
定語從句一直是高考測試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, which, that, as和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等引導(dǎo)，但須記住：
1. what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。
2. 關(guān)系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。
一、指人的關(guān)系代詞有who, whose, whom, that
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.） 一、指人的關(guān)系代詞有who, whose, whom, that
注：
1. 指人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)只用who,不宜用that。 ①先行詞為one, ones或anyone等不定代詞時(shí) The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
②先行詞為these, those等指示代詞時(shí)
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
③在there be 開頭的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
④一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)宜用who，以免重復(fù) The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
⑤在非限制性定語從句中
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
2. 主句以who開頭的句子中,關(guān)系代詞只用that,不用who。
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
1. I like the books which/that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room, the windows of which face south.)
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
1. 在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法中，關(guān)系代詞只能用whom, which,不能用who或that。
The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
2. 部分短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動(dòng)詞之后。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
3. 指物時(shí)，下列情況只能用that，不宜用which。
①先行詞為不定代詞時(shí)，如：all, much, anything, everything, nothing, something, none, the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
All that can be done has been done.
②先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
③先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever
seen.
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
3. 指物時(shí)，下列情況只能用that，不宜用which。
④如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)(先行詞既有人又有物)。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
⑤如果先行詞被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, few, little, no, all, one of, just修飾時(shí)。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
⑥當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時(shí)。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday?
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
4.指物時(shí)，下列情況只能用which，不宜用that。
①關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后
This is the factory in which we once worked.
②非限制性定語從句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
③that，those作主語時(shí)
Those which are on the desk are English books.
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
5.先行詞前有such, the same, as時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞用as，不用that, 但the same ··· as···表示相似的事物, the same ···that ···表示相同的事物。
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
All the students who study hard have passed.學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。)
All the students, who study hard have passed.所有的學(xué)生都及格了，他們學(xué)習(xí)努力。（沒有人不及格，這些學(xué)生都很努力。）
三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句
用途
是先行詞不可缺少的定語（不可去掉）
對(duì)先行詞的附加說明（可去掉，不影響原意）
標(biāo)點(diǎn)作用
不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
必須用逗號(hào)與主句分開
翻譯技巧
譯在先行詞前，用“的”連接
譯在主句之后
關(guān)系代詞使用
who/whom/which(都可用that代替）
who/whom/which(不可能用that代替）
關(guān)系代詞代替賓語時(shí)可省
關(guān)系代詞不可省略
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
先研究下面兩個(gè)例句：
1. This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake.
2. Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry.
這兩個(gè)例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個(gè)主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有兩點(diǎn)不同之處：
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
1. 在形式上，as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。
2. 在意義上，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如······，就像······”；而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。因此，在意思通順的情況下， which可代替as，而as許多時(shí)候不能代替which，如第2句。再如：
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
He was late again, as/which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again.
The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty.（不用as）
He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. （不用as）
As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner.
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
注意：在such···as···, the same···as···, as···, as many/Much as···等結(jié)構(gòu)中, as不能用which代替。如：
Such books as this are too difficult for beginners.
(這樣的書對(duì)于初學(xué)者來說太難了。）
=Books such as this are···
=Books like this are···
I live in the same building as he (does).（同一幢樓） 四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
3.兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用as。
① 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時(shí)。
As we all know, the earth is round.
② 當(dāng)與such或the same連用時(shí)，一般用as。
Such books as you tell me are interesting.
I have the same plan as you.
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
3.兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用as。
③ 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)，用as，反之則用which。
She has married again, as was expected.
She has married again, which was unexpected.
④ as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
五、“one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語從句中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)情況
這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，跟定語從句所靠近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。 但如果one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有the only, the very之類的限定語，后面定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式，這是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句在意義上修飾的是one而不是那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
五、“one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語從句中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)情況
1. He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修飾the only one)
He is one of the teachers who know French in our school. ( 修飾the teachers)
2. This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修飾the only one)
This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修飾rooms)
關(guān)系詞是用在定語從句中來代替先行詞的,選擇關(guān)系詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞在定語從句中作何成分。作主語、賓語或表語時(shí),用關(guān)系代詞,指人用who (賓格用whom)或that,指物用which或that;如果作狀語,則選用關(guān)系副詞,分別用when, where, why代替時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語;如果先行詞在定語從句中作定語,則不管指人還是指物,都可用whose。
考點(diǎn)一: 考查關(guān)系詞的基本用法 例
（2009·福建）It’s helpful to put children in a situation
they can see themselves differently.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
考查定語從句。先行詞是situation，指物，亦可指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where，選D。
剖析 考點(diǎn)二: 考查as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 用來代替整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分內(nèi)容的用法 例
（2009·山東）Whenever I met her,
was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who
B. which
C. when
D. that
非限制性定語從句，指代前面一個(gè)句子，故用which。
剖析 考點(diǎn)三: “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法
當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí),往往可以把介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,構(gòu)成“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)”結(jié)構(gòu)。但一些短語動(dòng)詞(如look after等)中的介詞不能與動(dòng)詞分開,故不能放在關(guān)系代詞之前。 例
（2009·陜西）Gun control is a subject
Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which
B. with which
C. about which
D. into which
考查定語從句，先行詞是Gun control，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞的賓語，介詞前置，介詞與從句動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配argue about sth，選C。
剖析 考點(diǎn)四：分隔式定語從句的用法
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞的后面, 但有些時(shí)候也會(huì)被同位語、狀語、謂語、其他定語等成分分隔。此時(shí)能夠理清句子結(jié)構(gòu),
慧眼識(shí)別先行詞就顯得特別重要。
例
（2009·四川）She’ll never forget her stay there
she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
考查定語從句的用法。her stay為先行詞，可以理解為抽象的一段時(shí)間（她待在那里期間），when指代her stay在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。
剖析 例
（2009·天津）I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day,
do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as
B. which
C. when
D. though
本句as引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)狀語從句，且狀語從句倒裝。句意：正如許多住在天津市內(nèi)的商務(wù)人士一樣，我每天乘坐輕軌去濱海新區(qū)。
剖析
定語從句易與狀語從句、同位語從句、并列句以及強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)等混淆,在做題時(shí)要細(xì)心識(shí)別。
語 法 第3講
定語從句
定語從句一直是高考測試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, which, that, as和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等引導(dǎo)，但須記住：
1. what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。
2. 關(guān)系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。
一、指人的關(guān)系代詞有who, whose, whom, that
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.） 一、指人的關(guān)系代詞有who, whose, whom, that
注：
1. 指人時(shí)關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)只用who,不宜用that。 ①先行詞為one, ones或anyone等不定代詞時(shí) The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
②先行詞為these, those等指示代詞時(shí)
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
③在there be 開頭的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
④一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個(gè)宜用who，以免重復(fù) The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
⑤在非限制性定語從句中
I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
2. 主句以who開頭的句子中,關(guān)系代詞只用that,不用who。
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
1. I like the books which/that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room, the windows of which face south.)
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
1. 在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法中，關(guān)系代詞只能用whom, which,不能用who或that。
The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
2. 部分短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞拆開，在定語從句中其介詞不可前置，只能放在其動(dòng)詞之后。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
3. 指物時(shí)，下列情況只能用that，不宜用which。
①先行詞為不定代詞時(shí)，如：all, much, anything, everything, nothing, something, none, the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
All that can be done has been done.
②先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
③先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever
seen.
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
3. 指物時(shí)，下列情況只能用that，不宜用which。
④如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)(先行詞既有人又有物)。
We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.
⑤如果先行詞被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, few, little, no, all, one of, just修飾時(shí)。
This is the only book that can be lent to you.
⑥當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時(shí)。
Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday?
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
4.指物時(shí)，下列情況只能用which，不宜用that。
①關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后
This is the factory in which we once worked.
②非限制性定語從句中
This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.
③that，those作主語時(shí)
Those which are on the desk are English books.
二、指物的關(guān)系代詞有which, whose(=of which), that
注：
5.先行詞前有such, the same, as時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞用as，不用that, 但the same ··· as···表示相似的事物, the same ···that ···表示相同的事物。
He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.
Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.
三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
All the students who study hard have passed.學(xué)習(xí)努力的學(xué)生都考試及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的沒及格。)
All the students, who study hard have passed.所有的學(xué)生都及格了，他們學(xué)習(xí)努力。（沒有人不及格，這些學(xué)生都很努力。）
三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句
用途
是先行詞不可缺少的定語（不可去掉）
對(duì)先行詞的附加說明（可去掉，不影響原意）
標(biāo)點(diǎn)作用
不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
必須用逗號(hào)與主句分開
翻譯技巧
譯在先行詞前，用“的”連接
譯在主句之后
關(guān)系代詞使用
who/whom/which(都可用that代替）
who/whom/which(不可能用that代替）
關(guān)系代詞代替賓語時(shí)可省
關(guān)系代詞不可省略
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
先研究下面兩個(gè)例句：
1. This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake.
2. Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry.
這兩個(gè)例句中，as和which所代表的都是整個(gè)主句所表示的內(nèi)容。但有兩點(diǎn)不同之處：
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
1. 在形式上，as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。
2. 在意義上，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如······，就像······”；而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which引導(dǎo)的定語從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。因此，在意思通順的情況下， which可代替as，而as許多時(shí)候不能代替which，如第2句。再如：
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
He was late again, as/which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again.
The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty.（不用as）
He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. （不用as）
As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner.
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
注意：在such···as···, the same···as···, as···, as many/Much as···等結(jié)構(gòu)中, as不能用which代替。如：
Such books as this are too difficult for beginners.
(這樣的書對(duì)于初學(xué)者來說太難了。）
=Books such as this are···
=Books like this are···
I live in the same building as he (does).（同一幢樓） 四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
3.兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用as。
① 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時(shí)。
As we all know, the earth is round.
② 當(dāng)與such或the same連用時(shí)，一般用as。
Such books as you tell me are interesting.
I have the same plan as you.
四、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別
3.兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用as。
③ 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)，用as，反之則用which。
She has married again, as was expected.
She has married again, which was unexpected.
④ as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
五、“one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后面定語從句中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)情況
這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，跟定語從句所靠近的那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。 但如果one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)前面帶有the only, the very之類的限定語，后面定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞則要用單數(shù)形式，這是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ從句在意義上修飾的是one而不是那個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
