* * * * * * * * * * * * * 【例1】對The boy cried.(主語＋謂語)一句進(jìn)行擴展，可得到：

　　a. The small boy in_red_sweater cried. (畫線部分為定語)

　　b. Losing_sight_of_his_mother,_the small boy in red sweater cried in_the_crowded_street. (畫線部分為狀語) 【例2】對We found the great hall full of students and teachers.(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋補語)一句進(jìn)行擴展，可得到：

　　a. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening_to_an_important_report. (畫線部分為定語)

　　b. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made_by_a_comrade_from_the_People's_Daily_on_current_affairs_in_East_Europe. (畫線部分為定語) 【例3】對People are in favor of this phenomenon.(主語＋系動詞＋表語)一句進(jìn)行擴展，可得到：

　　a. A majority of the

　　people

　　(who are) Involved in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon. (畫線部分為定語)

　　b. A majority of the people (who are) involved in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon saying that it can create a more comfortable study environment for students. (畫線部分為狀語) 簡單句擴展后，增加了可讀性，使讀者知道了更多的信息，增強了感染力。 按要求對下列句子進(jìn)行拓展 　1. The woman handed me a magazine. (至少含有一個不定式短語，一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　In order to help me kill the time, the old woman sitting beside me handed me a magazine to read during the long boring journey. 2. Students buy books. (至少含有非謂語動詞、介詞短語和從句作定語) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　

　　The diligent students in our class often buy some books written in English on science, which are really well worth reading. 3. Students work. (至少含有非謂語動詞、介詞短語和從句作狀語) ______________________________________________________________________

　　In order to improve their academic performance, students work hard in the classroom so they forget to go out after class.

　　* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Part 2 Of 2 2024屆名校聯(lián)合高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)北師大版廣東專用

　　8. individual, personal與private

　　這三個詞都有“個人的”的意思,但側(cè)重點

　　不一樣。 ①individual強調(diào)集體中的個體,意為“個別的、

　　獨特的、個體的”,與“普遍的、集體的”相對;

　　She has her own individual way of walking.

　　她有自己獨特的走路姿勢。 ②personal意為“人身的、個人的、親自的、

　　直接的、本人的”,強調(diào)“與他人無關(guān)的”;

　　personal opinion 個人意見

　　personal affairs 私事

　　personal letter 私人信件

　　personal attack 人身攻擊

　　personal belief 個人信仰

　　personal interview 直接的談話 ③private強調(diào)“私人的、私有的、私用的、不便

　　公開的”,與“公共的、公有的、公開的”相對。

　　private car 私人汽車

　　private talk 私底下的談話 在強調(diào)“個人的”的時候,personal和private通 常可以互換。 private / personal business個人事務(wù) personal / private letter 個人信件 9. trick v.&n. 欺騙

　　She was tricked at the market and lost 300 yuan

　　on the deal.

　　她在市場上被騙,交易中虧了300元。 trick sb. into doing sth. 誘使/騙某人做某事 The police tricked him into making a confession. 警察哄騙他做了招認(rèn)。 Her partner tried to trick her out of her share. 她的合伙人企圖騙走她的股份。 play a trick / joke on sb. 與某人開玩笑 These children loved playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子們喜歡捉弄老師。 10. as well, too, also與either

　　as well, too, also, either 這四個詞都有“也”的

　　意思。但用法不同,試看下面的句子作比較：

　　I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well.

　　They got the work done quickly, and well too.

　　Tom has been to Japan, I have also been there.

　　If you do not go, I shall not go either. 從以上幾個例句當(dāng)中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：從意義上 講,它們沒有太大的差別,關(guān)鍵是它們在句中的 位置不相同。 ①as well一般用于句尾,常與and搭配使用。

　　Nursing is a vocation and a profession as well. ②too一般放在句尾,而且常用逗號與前面的句子

　　分開,一般用于肯定句中。

　　In this shop, you will find many interesting

　　items, too. ③also與too詞義相同,但通常用于動詞之前或者

　　系動詞之后,且通常不置于句末。

　　She is fluent in French and German. She also

　　speaks a little Italian.

　　④either與too的意義和用法基本相同,但是通常

　　只能用于否定句中。

　　You don’t like tea. I don’t like it, either.

　　【溫馨提示】

　　as well as也可以表示“也,還,又”,但是它只用 來連接兩個并列的成分。如果as well as連接的兩 個并列成分在句中作主語,謂語動詞要與前面的 主語保持一致。

　　It is valuable for you as well as for me. as well as在此連接for you和for me兩個并列成分。

　　He grows roses as well as tomatoes.

　　如果as well as 連接的兩個并列成分在句中作主 語,謂語動詞要與前面的主語保持一致。 Peter as well as his parents is going to visit Beijing. Peter, with his parents, is going to visit Beijing. Peter and his parents are going to visit Beijing. 注意以上三句話的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 用as well, either, too, also填空 Is Tom coming __________ ? I’d like a piece of cake, and a glass of water

　　__________. He likes to listen to jazz, _________ . He was _________ asked to attend the meeting. If you don’t come tomorrow, I won’t do it,

　　________. I knew that you took a part-time job ________. as well too also as well either as well 1. It is said that…句型小結(jié)

　　有一類漢語句子不出現(xiàn)主語,在英語中一般使

　　用被動語態(tài),這類句型一般用在資訊報紙等公

　　文中,類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：

　　It is reported that…據(jù)報道……

　　It is believed that…有人相信……

　　It is expected that…人們期望……

　　It is hoped that…人們希望…… It is supposed that…據(jù)推測說…… It is thought that…人們認(rèn)為…… It must be admitted that…必須承認(rèn)…… It must be pointed out that…必須指出…… It is well known that…眾所周知…… It is generally considered that…大家認(rèn)為…… 這些句型也有其變體： It is said that+從句=People say that+從句 =Sth. / Sb.(從句中的主語) is said to be / do… People believe that an English duchess, Anna, the

　　7th Duchess of Bedford first introduced the idea of

　　afternoon tea. (M1U1) ＝It is believed that an English duchess, Anna, the

　　7th Duchess of Bedford first introduce the idea of

　　afternoon tea.

　　如果報道的內(nèi)容中的動作在報道之前就已經(jīng) 存在,那么在句型轉(zhuǎn)換的時候時態(tài)應(yīng)該變成完成 時態(tài)。

　　It is said that Robert has come today, but I don’t

　　know where he is.

　　People say Robert has come, but I don’t know

　　where he is.

　　Robert is said to have come, but I don’t know

　　where he is. It is believed that…=People believe that… =Sth. / Sb. is believed to be / do… It is reported that…=Someone reports that… =Sth. / Sb. is reported to be / do… It is expected that…=People expect that… =Sth. / Sb. is expected to be / do… It is hoped that…=People hope that… =Sth. / Sb. is hoped to be / do… It is supposed that…=People suppose that… =Sth. / Sb. is supposed to be / do… It is thought that…=People think that… =Sth. / Sb. is thought to be / do… 據(jù)報道,大約100多人在這次事故中喪生。

　　______________________________________

　　______________________________________ 眾所周知,他是我們學(xué)校一個非常負(fù)責(zé)任的老師。

　　______________________________________

　　______________________________________ It is reported that more than 100 people lost their lives in this accident. It is well known that he is a very responsible teacher in our school. 大家認(rèn)為除非是走投無路,一般情況下動物是不

　　會襲擊人的。

　　______________________________________

　　______________________________________ It is generally considered that an animal will not attack human being unless it is cornered. 2. If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding, you

　　can go with him / her, even if you don’t receive

　　an invitation yourself.

　　如果你的朋友收到一份參加婚禮的邀請，

　　就算你自己沒有收到邀請，你也可以跟他/她

　　一起去。

　　even if在句中引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“即

　　使……”,相當(dāng)于even though。

　　Even if / though I have to sell my house, I’ll keep my business going. 即使要賣掉我的房子,我還是要繼續(xù)我的事業(yè)。 3. while用法小結(jié) ①while可作從屬連詞,表示“當(dāng)……的時候”。

　　它只能表示一個時間段,不能表示時間點,這時,

　　在while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語多用進(jìn)行時。

　　While Mary was writing a letter, the children

　　were playing outside.

　　當(dāng)Mary在寫信時，孩子們在外面玩。 狀語從句也可以以省略句的形式出現(xiàn),狀語一般 是動詞-ing形式或者介詞短語。 While crossing the street, you must be careful. 穿過街道時你必須小心。 While in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 While he was in Canada, he took a lot of pictures. 當(dāng)他在加拿大時他拍了很多照片。 ②while用作從屬連詞,還可以表示“盡管,雖然”,

　　通常位于句首,引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句,相當(dāng)于

　　although / though。

　　While I admit that there are problems, I don’t

　　agree that they can not be solved.

　　盡管我承認(rèn)有問題存在,但我不同意說這些問

　　題不能解決。 ③while用作并列連詞,連接兩個并列句,表示比較

　　或者對比,意為“然而,但是”。

　　I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.

　　我喜歡喝清咖啡而他喜歡加奶油的。

　　④最后要注意的是：while還可以作為名詞使用,

　　其意思相當(dāng)于moment, 相關(guān)的短語有：for a

　　while, in a while, after a while。

　　Please wait me for a while.

　　請等我一會。 An old man _____ (fall) while he ___________

　　(ride) his bicycle. 他出去散步了，而我卻待在家里。

　　______________________________________ 3．我在看書時我的老師進(jìn)來了。 _________________________________________________________________ fell was riding He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home. While I was reading, my teacher came in.

　　簡單句的擴展

　　句子的擴展，就是在名詞前后加上前置或后置定語，在動詞、形容詞或副詞前后加上適當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z，或增加修飾整個句子的狀語，等等。其目的是使結(jié)構(gòu)形式更飽滿、內(nèi)容表達(dá)更加清楚、語言表達(dá)更生動。練習(xí)句子的擴展，有助于循序漸進(jìn)地實現(xiàn)由句到段的過渡。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

　　* * * * * * * * * * * * * 【例1】對The boy cried.(主語＋謂語)一句進(jìn)行擴展，可得到：

　　a. The small boy in_red_sweater cried. (畫線部分為定語)

　　b. Losing_sight_of_his_mother,_the small boy in red sweater cried in_the_crowded_street. (畫線部分為狀語) 【例2】對We found the great hall full of students and teachers.(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋補語)一句進(jìn)行擴展，可得到：

　　a. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening_to_an_important_report. (畫線部分為定語)

　　b. We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made_by_a_comrade_from_the_People's_Daily_on_current_affairs_in_East_Europe. (畫線部分為定語) 【例3】對People are in favor of this phenomenon.(主語＋系動詞＋表語)一句進(jìn)行擴展，可得到：

　　a. A majority of the

　　people

　　(who are) Involved in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon. (畫線部分為定語)

　　b. A majority of the people (who are) involved in the discussion are in favor of this phenomenon saying that it can create a more comfortable study environment for students. (畫線部分為狀語) 簡單句擴展后，增加了可讀性，使讀者知道了更多的信息，增強了感染力。 按要求對下列句子進(jìn)行拓展 　1. The woman handed me a magazine. (至少含有一個不定式短語，一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　In order to help me kill the time, the old woman sitting beside me handed me a magazine to read during the long boring journey. 2. Students buy books. (至少含有非謂語動詞、介詞短語和從句作定語) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　

　　The diligent students in our class often buy some books written in English on science, which are really well worth reading. 3. Students work. (至少含有非謂語動詞、介詞短語和從句作狀語) ______________________________________________________________________

　　In order to improve their academic performance, students work hard in the classroom so they forget to go out after class.

　　* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Part 2 Of 2 2024屆名校聯(lián)合高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)北師大版廣東專用

　　8. individual, personal與private

　　這三個詞都有“個人的”的意思,但側(cè)重點

　　不一樣。 ①individual強調(diào)集體中的個體,意為“個別的、

　　獨特的、個體的”,與“普遍的、集體的”相對;

　　She has her own individual way of walking.

　　她有自己獨特的走路姿勢。 ②personal意為“人身的、個人的、親自的、

　　直接的、本人的”,強調(diào)“與他人無關(guān)的”;

　　personal opinion 個人意見

　　personal affairs 私事

　　personal letter 私人信件

　　personal attack 人身攻擊

　　personal belief 個人信仰

　　personal interview 直接的談話 ③private強調(diào)“私人的、私有的、私用的、不便

　　公開的”,與“公共的、公有的、公開的”相對。

　　private car 私人汽車

　　private talk 私底下的談話 在強調(diào)“個人的”的時候,personal和private通 常可以互換。 private / personal business個人事務(wù) personal / private letter 個人信件 9. trick v.&n. 欺騙

　　She was tricked at the market and lost 300 yuan

　　on the deal.

　　她在市場上被騙,交易中虧了300元。 trick sb. into doing sth. 誘使/騙某人做某事 The police tricked him into making a confession. 警察哄騙他做了招認(rèn)。 Her partner tried to trick her out of her share. 她的合伙人企圖騙走她的股份。 play a trick / joke on sb. 與某人開玩笑 These children loved playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子們喜歡捉弄老師。 10. as well, too, also與either

　　as well, too, also, either 這四個詞都有“也”的

　　意思。但用法不同,試看下面的句子作比較：

　　I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well.

　　They got the work done quickly, and well too.

　　Tom has been to Japan, I have also been there.

　　If you do not go, I shall not go either. 從以上幾個例句當(dāng)中我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：從意義上 講,它們沒有太大的差別,關(guān)鍵是它們在句中的 位置不相同。 ①as well一般用于句尾,常與and搭配使用。

　　Nursing is a vocation and a profession as well. ②too一般放在句尾,而且常用逗號與前面的句子

　　分開,一般用于肯定句中。

　　In this shop, you will find many interesting

　　items, too. ③also與too詞義相同,但通常用于動詞之前或者

　　系動詞之后,且通常不置于句末。

　　She is fluent in French and German. She also

　　speaks a little Italian.

　　④either與too的意義和用法基本相同,但是通常

　　只能用于否定句中。

　　You don’t like tea. I don’t like it, either.

　　【溫馨提示】

　　as well as也可以表示“也,還,又”,但是它只用 來連接兩個并列的成分。如果as well as連接的兩 個并列成分在句中作主語,謂語動詞要與前面的 主語保持一致。

　　It is valuable for you as well as for me. as well as在此連接for you和for me兩個并列成分。

　　He grows roses as well as tomatoes.

　　如果as well as 連接的兩個并列成分在句中作主 語,謂語動詞要與前面的主語保持一致。 Peter as well as his parents is going to visit Beijing. Peter, with his parents, is going to visit Beijing. Peter and his parents are going to visit Beijing. 注意以上三句話的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 用as well, either, too, also填空 Is Tom coming __________ ? I’d like a piece of cake, and a glass of water

　　__________. He likes to listen to jazz, _________ . He was _________ asked to attend the meeting. If you don’t come tomorrow, I won’t do it,

　　________. I knew that you took a part-time job ________. as well too also as well either as well 1. It is said that…句型小結(jié)

　　有一類漢語句子不出現(xiàn)主語,在英語中一般使

　　用被動語態(tài),這類句型一般用在資訊報紙等公

　　文中,類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：

　　It is reported that…據(jù)報道……

　　It is believed that…有人相信……

　　It is expected that…人們期望……

　　It is hoped that…人們希望…… It is supposed that…據(jù)推測說…… It is thought that…人們認(rèn)為…… It must be admitted that…必須承認(rèn)…… It must be pointed out that…必須指出…… It is well known that…眾所周知…… It is generally considered that…大家認(rèn)為…… 這些句型也有其變體： It is said that+從句=People say that+從句 =Sth. / Sb.(從句中的主語) is said to be / do… People believe that an English duchess, Anna, the

　　7th Duchess of Bedford first introduced the idea of

　　afternoon tea. (M1U1) ＝It is believed that an English duchess, Anna, the

　　7th Duchess of Bedford first introduce the idea of

　　afternoon tea.

　　如果報道的內(nèi)容中的動作在報道之前就已經(jīng) 存在,那么在句型轉(zhuǎn)換的時候時態(tài)應(yīng)該變成完成 時態(tài)。

　　It is said that Robert has come today, but I don’t

　　know where he is.

　　People say Robert has come, but I don’t know

　　where he is.

　　Robert is said to have come, but I don’t know

　　where he is. It is believed that…=People believe that… =Sth. / Sb. is believed to be / do… It is reported that…=Someone reports that… =Sth. / Sb. is reported to be / do… It is expected that…=People expect that… =Sth. / Sb. is expected to be / do… It is hoped that…=People hope that… =Sth. / Sb. is hoped to be / do… It is supposed that…=People suppose that… =Sth. / Sb. is supposed to be / do… It is thought that…=People think that… =Sth. / Sb. is thought to be / do… 據(jù)報道,大約100多人在這次事故中喪生。

　　______________________________________

　　______________________________________ 眾所周知,他是我們學(xué)校一個非常負(fù)責(zé)任的老師。

　　______________________________________

　　______________________________________ It is reported that more than 100 people lost their lives in this accident. It is well known that he is a very responsible teacher in our school. 大家認(rèn)為除非是走投無路,一般情況下動物是不

　　會襲擊人的。

　　______________________________________

　　______________________________________ It is generally considered that an animal will not attack human being unless it is cornered. 2. If a friend gets an invitation to a wedding, you

　　can go with him / her, even if you don’t receive

　　an invitation yourself.

　　如果你的朋友收到一份參加婚禮的邀請，

　　就算你自己沒有收到邀請，你也可以跟他/她

　　一起去。

　　even if在句中引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“即

　　使……”,相當(dāng)于even though。

　　Even if / though I have to sell my house, I’ll keep my business going. 即使要賣掉我的房子,我還是要繼續(xù)我的事業(yè)。 3. while用法小結(jié) ①while可作從屬連詞,表示“當(dāng)……的時候”。

　　它只能表示一個時間段,不能表示時間點,這時,

　　在while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,謂語多用進(jìn)行時。

　　While Mary was writing a letter, the children

　　were playing outside.

　　當(dāng)Mary在寫信時，孩子們在外面玩。 狀語從句也可以以省略句的形式出現(xiàn),狀語一般 是動詞-ing形式或者介詞短語。 While crossing the street, you must be careful. 穿過街道時你必須小心。 While in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。 While he was in Canada, he took a lot of pictures. 當(dāng)他在加拿大時他拍了很多照片。 ②while用作從屬連詞,還可以表示“盡管,雖然”,

　　通常位于句首,引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句,相當(dāng)于

　　although / though。

　　While I admit that there are problems, I don’t

　　agree that they can not be solved.

　　盡管我承認(rèn)有問題存在,但我不同意說這些問

　　題不能解決。 ③while用作并列連詞,連接兩個并列句,表示比較

　　或者對比,意為“然而,但是”。

　　I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.

　　我喜歡喝清咖啡而他喜歡加奶油的。

　　④最后要注意的是：while還可以作為名詞使用,

　　其意思相當(dāng)于moment, 相關(guān)的短語有：for a

　　while, in a while, after a while。

　　Please wait me for a while.

　　請等我一會。 An old man _____ (fall) while he ___________

　　(ride) his bicycle. 他出去散步了，而我卻待在家里。

　　______________________________________ 3．我在看書時我的老師進(jìn)來了。 _________________________________________________________________ fell was riding He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home. While I was reading, my teacher came in.

　　簡單句的擴展

　　句子的擴展，就是在名詞前后加上前置或后置定語，在動詞、形容詞或副詞前后加上適當(dāng)?shù)臓钫Z，或增加修飾整個句子的狀語，等等。其目的是使結(jié)構(gòu)形式更飽滿、內(nèi)容表達(dá)更加清楚、語言表達(dá)更生動。練習(xí)句子的擴展，有助于循序漸進(jìn)地實現(xiàn)由句到段的過渡。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *