雅思高效段落閱讀:功能段落（一）
1. 段落類型與篇章把握
段落是篇章的主體結構，是作者觀點的主要表現單位。一篇結構嚴謹的文章，其內部的不同段落承擔了不同的表達功能，如說明性文章中有段落來闡明現象，做出定義;而議論性文章中我們常常讀到大量事實及數據占據主要篇幅的例證類型的段落。這些都是一個概念功能段落的具體體現。熟悉這些段落的基本特征并在此基礎上進行快速判斷和預測，能有效提高雅思考試中應試者的閱讀效率和準確性。
2. 段落閱讀：各種功能段落
Contrast Comparison型段落
比較和對比型段落多用于說明性文章。它的特點是通過對兩個或更多的對象進行比較或對照，陳述它們的異同，從而說明作者的觀點，引出結論。作者根據寫作目的需要來分配筆墨的輕重稀濃。對于論述對象的描述有的平起平坐，有的則有所側重。
Example 1：
The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related.
由此段可知：作者無意厚此薄彼。首先分別介紹理論科學家和應用科學家的不同工作領域，然后指出他們是同等重要、相互依存。所以此段基本屬于平起平坐一類。
Example 2：
At the University of Kansas art museum, investigators tested the effects of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings. For the first group, the room was painted white, for the second, dark brown. The experiment revealed that those who entered the dark brown room walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than the people in the white environment. Dark brown stimulated more activity, but the activity ended sooner.
這一段便屬于有所側重的一類。作者指出實驗在白、棕兩種顏色的房間進行，但大多筆墨都用于描述深棕色房間對于人們刺激而帶來多動行為的事實，并在說明中采用了一些含比較級的句子，這樣白房間里的實驗結論便不言而喻了。
對比、比較類段落的布局大致有三種：先比較，后結論，Example 1便是此類;先主題句子，再比較，后結論，Example 2屬此類;第三類是先結論，后比較，下面的例子較典型。
Example 3：
Colors do influence our moods; there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing
1. 段落類型與篇章把握
段落是篇章的主體結構，是作者觀點的主要表現單位。一篇結構嚴謹的文章，其內部的不同段落承擔了不同的表達功能，如說明性文章中有段落來闡明現象，做出定義;而議論性文章中我們常常讀到大量事實及數據占據主要篇幅的例證類型的段落。這些都是一個概念功能段落的具體體現。熟悉這些段落的基本特征并在此基礎上進行快速判斷和預測，能有效提高雅思考試中應試者的閱讀效率和準確性。
2. 段落閱讀：各種功能段落
Contrast Comparison型段落
比較和對比型段落多用于說明性文章。它的特點是通過對兩個或更多的對象進行比較或對照，陳述它們的異同，從而說明作者的觀點，引出結論。作者根據寫作目的需要來分配筆墨的輕重稀濃。對于論述對象的描述有的平起平坐，有的則有所側重。
Example 1：
The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related.
由此段可知：作者無意厚此薄彼。首先分別介紹理論科學家和應用科學家的不同工作領域，然后指出他們是同等重要、相互依存。所以此段基本屬于平起平坐一類。
Example 2：
At the University of Kansas art museum, investigators tested the effects of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings. For the first group, the room was painted white, for the second, dark brown. The experiment revealed that those who entered the dark brown room walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than the people in the white environment. Dark brown stimulated more activity, but the activity ended sooner.
這一段便屬于有所側重的一類。作者指出實驗在白、棕兩種顏色的房間進行，但大多筆墨都用于描述深棕色房間對于人們刺激而帶來多動行為的事實，并在說明中采用了一些含比較級的句子，這樣白房間里的實驗結論便不言而喻了。
對比、比較類段落的布局大致有三種：先比較，后結論，Example 1便是此類;先主題句子，再比較，后結論，Example 2屬此類;第三類是先結論，后比較，下面的例子較典型。
Example 3：
Colors do influence our moods; there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing
