45. He hurried to the booking office only _____________ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. (陜西) 46. European football is played in 80 countries, ____________ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全國(guó)) 47. You were silly not ________________(lock) your car. (湖南) 48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________(breathe).

　　(寧夏)

　　to be told

　　making

　　to have locked

　　to breathe

　　49. _____________ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. (湖南) 50. When ________ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西) 51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____________(water) every day. (四川) 52. When _____________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江) To complete

　　asked

　　watered

　　comparing

　　53. —The last one ___________(arrive) pays the meal.

　　—Agree! (全國(guó)) 54. The trees _________(blow) in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南) 55. Can those _________ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建) 56. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes. (廣西) to arrive

　　blown

　　seated

　　forming

　　57. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister. (全國(guó)) —Why not ________(visit) her this weekend? 58. _________ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南) 59. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons __________(finish) for the day. (重慶) 60. ________ (give) the general state of health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (北京) visit

　　Search

　　finished

　　Given

　　二、語(yǔ)篇填空 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_______ （make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]________（base） in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.

　　to make

　　based

　　He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________（search） for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis. He wanted to see if [4]________（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease [5]________（trouble） minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.

　　to search

　　putting

　　troubled

　　Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit) with his patients and [7]________（listen）to them talk. He had them [8]________（talk）about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to [9]___________（express）. There could be no[10]________（hold）back because of fear or guilt.

　　sitting

　　listening

　　talk

　　be expressed

　　holding

　　goodbye * 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法填空的必考考點(diǎn)，每年高考至少有1道題。不僅如此，掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，對(duì)增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明顯的作用。 首先，我們回顧一下非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能(在句中充當(dāng)何種成分)： 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 動(dòng)名詞 √ √ √ √ 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 分詞 √ √ √ √ 現(xiàn)在，我們簡(jiǎn)要回顧其主要考點(diǎn)： 考點(diǎn)1：作主語(yǔ) 表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用-ing形式；表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作用不定式。 考點(diǎn)2：作表語(yǔ) (1) 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。 (2)分詞作表語(yǔ)則說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分詞表示“令人……的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分詞表示“(人)感到……的”。

　　考點(diǎn)3：作賓語(yǔ) (1)有些動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。(類似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有哪些？請(qǐng)補(bǔ)上) (2)有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。(類似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有哪些？請(qǐng)補(bǔ)上) (3) 在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。

　　(4)在forget, remember, regret, mean, try等動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式，但意義差別較大。 (5)在介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。注意to是介詞的短語(yǔ)，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(習(xí)慣于), contribute … to …, devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。 (6)含介詞的固定句式： prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止……做…… spend /waste time or money in doing 在做……方面花費(fèi)/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢 have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做……方面有些困難 have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艱難 there is no sense in doing做……是沒(méi)有理由/道理的 (7)介詞后一般只能接動(dòng)名詞，但在表示“除……外”的介詞but和except后，有時(shí)可接不定式；當(dāng)前面有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式不帶to；前面沒(méi)有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，要帶to。 考點(diǎn)4：作賓補(bǔ) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式(未來(lái)或全過(guò)程)或-ing形式(正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用-ed形式。另外，請(qǐng)注意復(fù)習(xí)以下6點(diǎn)： (1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等動(dòng)詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 (2)在help后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶不帶to均可。 (3)在make, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在其被動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上to。 (4)在with的賓語(yǔ)后，若用-ed形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與-ed形式在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；若用-ing形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與-ing形式在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行。 (5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主動(dòng)、將來(lái)); get/have…doing使……處于某一狀態(tài)中(主動(dòng)、持續(xù)); get…done=have sth. done請(qǐng)人做/遭受(被動(dòng))。 (6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作賓補(bǔ)，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。 考點(diǎn)5：作狀語(yǔ) (1)在表示時(shí)間、讓步、方式或伴隨情況時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式，若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式。 (2)不定式作狀語(yǔ)只能放在句末，且不用逗號(hào)，多用于表示情緒或情感反應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞、形容詞(如glad, sorry, surprised, frightened, delighted)之后，表示原因。 (3)不定式表結(jié)果，其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，往往表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也還用于too…to, enough to, so/such…as to等固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。-ing形式表示的結(jié)果，是伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果（同時(shí)發(fā)生），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是因果關(guān)系。 (4)在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后或者作賓補(bǔ)的形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，一般只用不定式。 (5)表示目的時(shí)只能用不定式，此時(shí)的不定式可以放在句首。 (6) 在“連詞(如when, while, if, though等)+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)分詞與主句主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ing形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ed形式。 考點(diǎn)6：作定語(yǔ) (1)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)：常放在所修飾的名詞之后，表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，多用來(lái)修飾have、there be、with之后的名詞，表示“有……要……”；或修飾“the+序數(shù)詞”。 (2)分詞作定語(yǔ)：被修飾的名詞與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ed形式。 考點(diǎn)7：特殊句式 Why not do sth.? =Why don’t you do sth.?何不做某事呢？ had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事 would rather (not) do sth.寧愿(不)做某事 would do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B 寧做A事不做B事 考點(diǎn)8：獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) (1) -ing形式的獨(dú)立成分：judging by /from(根據(jù)…判斷), generally speaking(一般說(shuō)來(lái))，strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)), frankly speaking(坦率地說(shuō))等。 (2)不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：to tell you the truth(和你說(shuō)實(shí)話吧), to make things worse(情況更糟的是)等。 (3)用作介詞或連詞的considering(考慮到，就…而言)和given(考慮到)后接名詞或that從句。 　解答語(yǔ)法填空時(shí)，首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且不是并謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞必定用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；然后分析該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作什么句子成分，初定作該成分的應(yīng)是哪一種或幾種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；最后再根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各自的特點(diǎn)和用法，同時(shí)看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有沒(méi)有特別的要求，再結(jié)合與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，確定該填哪種形式。 另外，在確定用-ing形式還是用-ed形式，用to do還是用to be done時(shí)，都是由該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系來(lái)確定的。那么，如何找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)？這與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成分有關(guān)，詳見下表： 充當(dāng)句 子成分 賓語(yǔ)

　　表語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 邏輯 主語(yǔ) 句子的主語(yǔ) 所修飾的詞 句子的賓語(yǔ) [例1]…the proverb, “plucking up a crop　

　　32

　　　(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年廣東) 思路分析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)is based，而“plucking up a crop　

　　32

　　　(help) it grow”是the proverb的同位語(yǔ)，是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)而非同位語(yǔ)從句，因此，help應(yīng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；“幫助禾苗長(zhǎng)”是“將禾苗撥起來(lái)”的目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to help。 [例2]While she was getting me ___34___ (settle) into a tiny but clean room…(2007年廣東) 思路分析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)was getting，所以settle應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又由settle sb. into/in/on…(使某人舒服地處于某處)可知，me與settle是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)去分詞用賓補(bǔ)，故填settled。 考點(diǎn)擊破 一、單句填空：用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. _____________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全國(guó))

　　2. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use __________(argue) with him. (上海)

　　3. Please remain _________(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (遼寧)

　　4. — Can I smoke here?

　　— Sorry. We don’t allow ___________(smoke) here. (江蘇)

　　Walking

　　arguing

　　seated

　　smoking

　　5. It is difficult to imagine his ________ (accept) the decision without any consideration. (陜西) 6. I can’t stand _________(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________(stop) talking while she works. (北京) 7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _____________ (repair). (陜西) 8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ________ (live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (湖南) accepting

　　to stop

　　working to be repaired

　　living

　　9. — Robert is indeed a wise man.

　　— Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ____________(not take) his advice! (安徽) 10. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南) 11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _______________________(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全國(guó)) 12. —They are quiet, aren’t they?

　　—Yes. They are accustomed to _______ (not talk) at meals. (江蘇) not taking

　　getting

　　being opened and closed

　　not talking

　　13. Isn't it time you got down to ________ (mark) the papers? (重慶) 14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海) 15. She looks forward every spring to ________ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海) 16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,

　　he had a hard time ________ (pass) the exam. (福建) marking

　　setting

　　walking

　　passing

　　17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ (watch) TV. (上海) 18. I believe that’s the best way to prevent such a thing from ____________ (happen) again. (全國(guó)) 19. Did you have trouble in________ (find) the post office? (全國(guó)) 20. Sandy could do nothing but ________ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海) watching

　　happening

　　finding

　　admit

　　21. I smell something __________ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全國(guó)) 22. Don’t leave the water ________ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津) 23. It was so cold that they kept the fire ___________ (burn) all night. (全國(guó)) 24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____________ (carry) out the next year. (全國(guó)) burning

　　running

　　burning

　　carried out

　　25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ___________ (speak) as much as we can. (江蘇) 26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ____________(interest) in his lectures. (江蘇) 27. Energy drinks are not allowed ________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海)

　　28. My advisor encouraged me ________(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京)

　　spoken

　　interested

　　to be made

　　to take

　　29. My parents have always made me ________ (feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江蘇) 30. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ (grow) up from childhood. (全國(guó)) 31. The mother felt herself ________ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海) 32. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________ (learn). He always works hard. (全國(guó))

　　feel

　　grow

　　grow

　　to learn

　　33. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

　　—Sorry. With so much work ________ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建) 34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____________ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽) 35. With a lot of difficult problems ________ (set), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海) 36. The director had her assistant ______ (pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全國(guó)) filling

　　finished

　　to settle

　　pick

　　37. — Did Peter fix the computer himself?

　　— He had it ________(fix), because he doesn’t know much about computers. (安徽) 38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ (improve) in a short period. (福建) 39. Helen had to shout to make herself ________ (hear) above the sound of the music. (廣西) 40. Peter received a letter just now ________ (say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川) fixed

　　improved

　　heard

　　saying

　　41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南) 42. ___________(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽) 43. ______________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建) 44. __________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建) moving

　　Walking

　　Having waited

　　Blamed

　　*

　　45. He hurried to the booking office only _____________ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. (陜西) 46. European football is played in 80 countries, ____________ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全國(guó)) 47. You were silly not ________________(lock) your car. (湖南) 48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____________(breathe).

　　(寧夏)

　　to be told

　　making

　　to have locked

　　to breathe

　　49. _____________ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. (湖南) 50. When ________ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西) 51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____________(water) every day. (四川) 52. When _____________(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江) To complete

　　asked

　　watered

　　comparing

　　53. —The last one ___________(arrive) pays the meal.

　　—Agree! (全國(guó)) 54. The trees _________(blow) in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南) 55. Can those _________ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建) 56. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes. (廣西) to arrive

　　blown

　　seated

　　forming

　　57. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister. (全國(guó)) —Why not ________(visit) her this weekend? 58. _________ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南) 59. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons __________(finish) for the day. (重慶) 60. ________ (give) the general state of health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (北京) visit

　　Search

　　finished

　　Given

　　二、語(yǔ)篇填空 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 Freud was one of the first scientists [1]_______ （make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities [2]________（base） in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.

　　to make

　　based

　　He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams [3]___________（search） for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis. He wanted to see if [4]________（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease [5]________（trouble） minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.

　　to search

　　putting

　　troubled

　　Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved [6]________ (sit) with his patients and [7]________（listen）to them talk. He had them [8]________（talk）about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to [9]___________（express）. There could be no[10]________（hold）back because of fear or guilt.

　　sitting

　　listening

　　talk

　　be expressed

　　holding

　　goodbye * 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法填空的必考考點(diǎn)，每年高考至少有1道題。不僅如此，掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，對(duì)增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明顯的作用。 首先，我們回顧一下非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能(在句中充當(dāng)何種成分)： 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 動(dòng)名詞 √ √ √ √ 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 分詞 √ √ √ √ 現(xiàn)在，我們簡(jiǎn)要回顧其主要考點(diǎn)： 考點(diǎn)1：作主語(yǔ) 表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用-ing形式；表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作用不定式。 考點(diǎn)2：作表語(yǔ) (1) 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。 (2)分詞作表語(yǔ)則說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分詞表示“令人……的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分詞表示“(人)感到……的”。

　　考點(diǎn)3：作賓語(yǔ) (1)有些動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。(類似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有哪些？請(qǐng)補(bǔ)上) (2)有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。(類似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有哪些？請(qǐng)補(bǔ)上) (3) 在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。

　　(4)在forget, remember, regret, mean, try等動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式，但意義差別較大。 (5)在介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。注意to是介詞的短語(yǔ)，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(習(xí)慣于), contribute … to …, devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。 (6)含介詞的固定句式： prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止……做…… spend /waste time or money in doing 在做……方面花費(fèi)/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢 have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做……方面有些困難 have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艱難 there is no sense in doing做……是沒(méi)有理由/道理的 (7)介詞后一般只能接動(dòng)名詞，但在表示“除……外”的介詞but和except后，有時(shí)可接不定式；當(dāng)前面有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式不帶to；前面沒(méi)有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，要帶to。 考點(diǎn)4：作賓補(bǔ) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式(未來(lái)或全過(guò)程)或-ing形式(正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用-ed形式。另外，請(qǐng)注意復(fù)習(xí)以下6點(diǎn)： (1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等動(dòng)詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 (2)在help后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶不帶to均可。 (3)在make, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在其被動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上to。 (4)在with的賓語(yǔ)后，若用-ed形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與-ed形式在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；若用-ing形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與-ing形式在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行。 (5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主動(dòng)、將來(lái)); get/have…doing使……處于某一狀態(tài)中(主動(dòng)、持續(xù)); get…done=have sth. done請(qǐng)人做/遭受(被動(dòng))。 (6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作賓補(bǔ)，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。 考點(diǎn)5：作狀語(yǔ) (1)在表示時(shí)間、讓步、方式或伴隨情況時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式，若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式。 (2)不定式作狀語(yǔ)只能放在句末，且不用逗號(hào)，多用于表示情緒或情感反應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞、形容詞(如glad, sorry, surprised, frightened, delighted)之后，表示原因。 (3)不定式表結(jié)果，其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，往往表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也還用于too…to, enough to, so/such…as to等固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。-ing形式表示的結(jié)果，是伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果（同時(shí)發(fā)生），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是因果關(guān)系。 (4)在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后或者作賓補(bǔ)的形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，一般只用不定式。 (5)表示目的時(shí)只能用不定式，此時(shí)的不定式可以放在句首。 (6) 在“連詞(如when, while, if, though等)+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)分詞與主句主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ing形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ed形式。 考點(diǎn)6：作定語(yǔ) (1)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)：常放在所修飾的名詞之后，表示一個(gè)將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，多用來(lái)修飾have、there be、with之后的名詞，表示“有……要……”；或修飾“the+序數(shù)詞”。 (2)分詞作定語(yǔ)：被修飾的名詞與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ing形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ed形式。 考點(diǎn)7：特殊句式 Why not do sth.? =Why don’t you do sth.?何不做某事呢？ had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事 would rather (not) do sth.寧愿(不)做某事 would do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B 寧做A事不做B事 考點(diǎn)8：獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) (1) -ing形式的獨(dú)立成分：judging by /from(根據(jù)…判斷), generally speaking(一般說(shuō)來(lái))，strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格說(shuō)來(lái)), frankly speaking(坦率地說(shuō))等。 (2)不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：to tell you the truth(和你說(shuō)實(shí)話吧), to make things worse(情況更糟的是)等。 (3)用作介詞或連詞的considering(考慮到，就…而言)和given(考慮到)后接名詞或that從句。 　解答語(yǔ)法填空時(shí)，首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且不是并謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞必定用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；然后分析該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作什么句子成分，初定作該成分的應(yīng)是哪一種或幾種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；最后再根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各自的特點(diǎn)和用法，同時(shí)看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有沒(méi)有特別的要求，再結(jié)合與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，確定該填哪種形式。 另外，在確定用-ing形式還是用-ed形式，用to do還是用to be done時(shí)，都是由該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系來(lái)確定的。那么，如何找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)？這與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成分有關(guān)，詳見下表： 充當(dāng)句 子成分 賓語(yǔ)

　　表語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ) 邏輯 主語(yǔ) 句子的主語(yǔ) 所修飾的詞 句子的賓語(yǔ) [例1]…the proverb, “plucking up a crop　

　　32

　　　(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年廣東) 思路分析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)is based，而“plucking up a crop　

　　32

　　　(help) it grow”是the proverb的同位語(yǔ)，是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)而非同位語(yǔ)從句，因此，help應(yīng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；“幫助禾苗長(zhǎng)”是“將禾苗撥起來(lái)”的目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to help。 [例2]While she was getting me ___34___ (settle) into a tiny but clean room…(2007年廣東) 思路分析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)was getting，所以settle應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又由settle sb. into/in/on…(使某人舒服地處于某處)可知，me與settle是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過(guò)去分詞用賓補(bǔ)，故填settled。 考點(diǎn)擊破 一、單句填空：用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. _____________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全國(guó))

　　2. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use __________(argue) with him. (上海)

　　3. Please remain _________(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (遼寧)

　　4. — Can I smoke here?

　　— Sorry. We don’t allow ___________(smoke) here. (江蘇)

　　Walking

　　arguing

　　seated

　　smoking

　　5. It is difficult to imagine his ________ (accept) the decision without any consideration. (陜西) 6. I can’t stand _________(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________(stop) talking while she works. (北京) 7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _____________ (repair). (陜西) 8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ________ (live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (湖南) accepting

　　to stop

　　working to be repaired

　　living

　　9. — Robert is indeed a wise man.

　　— Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ____________(not take) his advice! (安徽) 10. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南) 11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _______________________(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全國(guó)) 12. —They are quiet, aren’t they?

　　—Yes. They are accustomed to _______ (not talk) at meals. (江蘇) not taking

　　getting

　　being opened and closed

　　not talking

　　13. Isn't it time you got down to ________ (mark) the papers? (重慶) 14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海) 15. She looks forward every spring to ________ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海) 16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,

　　he had a hard time ________ (pass) the exam. (福建) marking

　　setting

　　walking

　　passing

　　17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ (watch) TV. (上海) 18. I believe that’s the best way to prevent such a thing from ____________ (happen) again. (全國(guó)) 19. Did you have trouble in________ (find) the post office? (全國(guó)) 20. Sandy could do nothing but ________ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海) watching

　　happening

　　finding

　　admit

　　21. I smell something __________ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全國(guó)) 22. Don’t leave the water ________ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津) 23. It was so cold that they kept the fire ___________ (burn) all night. (全國(guó)) 24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____________ (carry) out the next year. (全國(guó)) burning

　　running

　　burning

　　carried out

　　25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ___________ (speak) as much as we can. (江蘇) 26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ____________(interest) in his lectures. (江蘇) 27. Energy drinks are not allowed ________ (make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海)

　　28. My advisor encouraged me ________(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京)

　　spoken

　　interested

　　to be made

　　to take

　　29. My parents have always made me ________ (feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江蘇) 30. They knew her very well. They had seen her ________ (grow) up from childhood. (全國(guó)) 31. The mother felt herself ________ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海) 32. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________ (learn). He always works hard. (全國(guó))

　　feel

　　grow

　　grow

　　to learn

　　33. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

　　—Sorry. With so much work ________ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建) 34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ____________ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽) 35. With a lot of difficult problems ________ (set), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海) 36. The director had her assistant ______ (pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全國(guó)) filling

　　finished

　　to settle

　　pick

　　37. — Did Peter fix the computer himself?

　　— He had it ________(fix), because he doesn’t know much about computers. (安徽) 38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ (improve) in a short period. (福建) 39. Helen had to shout to make herself ________ (hear) above the sound of the music. (廣西) 40. Peter received a letter just now ________ (say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川) fixed

　　improved

　　heard

　　saying

　　41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南) 42. ___________(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽) 43. ______________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建) 44. __________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建) moving

　　Walking

　　Having waited

　　Blamed

　　*