B5U4

　　They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long

　　before humans came into being...

　　千百萬年前它們(恐龍)就在地球上生活，比人類的出現(xiàn)要早得多……

　　long before 早在……之前很久

　　before可做連詞，，，。long before 。“不久以后”，相當于 soon after/shortly after, 既可以指將來，也可以指過去，所以與過去時或?qū)頃r連用，在句中做狀語，不可以引導從句。

　　(2)long ago (現(xiàn)在的)很久以前。

　　(3)“It will be long before＋從句(一般現(xiàn)在時)”與 “It was long before＋從句(一般過去時)”的意思是“過很久才……”，強調(diào)經(jīng)過的時間長。

　　(4)“It will not be long before＋從句(一般現(xiàn)在時)”與“It was not long before＋從句(一般過去時)”，意思是“沒過很久就……”，強調(diào)經(jīng)過的時間短。

　　注意：以上短語、句型中的 long均可以改用普通的時間名詞或短語，表達不同的時間長度。

　　①Long before, there was a big museum here.

　　很久以前，這里有一座大博物館。

　　②I had heard of him long before I came here.

　　早在我來這兒很久以前我就聽說過他的情況。

　　③Before long he went to Canada to go on with his further education.不久以后他就去加拿大繼續(xù)深造了。

　　④It was not long before she came. 沒多久她就來了。

　　⑤It will be long before we see each other again.

　　我們很久以后才會再見面。

　　[即境活用]The book was published ______ it was written.

　　A．soon before B．long before

　　C．before long

　　D．soon after

　　解析：句意為“書寫完后不久就出版了”，故選 soon after。

　　答案：D

　　B2U5

　　1．At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them.before做連詞表示時間時，，，……之前

　　(2)……(之后)才……

　　(3)(不多久)就……

　　(4)以免……

　　(5)還沒來得及……就……

　　(6)(寧愿……)也不愿……

　　①We lived in Paris before moving to London.

　　我們搬到倫敦之前住在巴黎。

　　②It was a long time before I got to sleep again.

　　很長一段時間之后我才重新入睡。

　　③It wasn’t long before she came back.

　　不久她就回來了。

　　④Lock your bike before it gets stolen.

　　鎖好你的自行車，以免被偷。

　　⑤Before John stopped her, she ran out.

　　約翰還沒來得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。

　　⑥I’d shoot myself before I apologized to her.

　　我寧死也不向她道歉。

　　[即境活用1](2009·上海卷)　You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.

　　A．beforeB．if

　　C．while

　　D．a(chǎn)s

　　解析：句意：在你沒有學生卡之前，你不能在學校圖書館借書。before在……之前；if如果；while當……時候；as隨著，因為。

　　答案：A

　　2．Music is more_than just sound.

　　音樂決不僅僅是聲音。

　　more than＋數(shù)詞，“……以上；多于……”，等于 over

　　＋名詞，“不僅僅；不只；超過；遠不止”

　　＋動詞，“十分；大大地；遠遠地；不僅僅”

　　＋...can/could＋v.“不能”

　　＋adj./adv.，“非常；十分；更加”

　　①By then he was more than fifty.

　　那時他已經(jīng)50多歲了。

　　②Peace is much more than the absence of war.

　　和平不僅僅意味著沒有戰(zhàn)爭。

　　③He more than smiled; he laughed out.

　　他豈止是微笑，他簡直是大笑了。

　　④That's more than I can tell you.

　　這一點我是不能告訴你的。

　　⑤He is more than selfish. 他非常自私。

　　拓展：(1)more＋adj./n.＋than＋adj./n..與其說……倒不如說……

　　(2)no more than＋num.＝only 僅僅

　　(3)not more than＋num.＝at most 至多

　　(4)no more＋adj./adv.＋than...和……一樣不……

　　(5)not more＋adj./adv.＋than... 不如……

　　(6)more than one “不止一個”，做主語或修飾主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　　[即境活用2]　(1)Lizzie was ______ to see her friend off at the airport.

　　A．a(chǎn) little more than sad

　　B．more than a little sad

　　C．sad more than a little

　　D．a(chǎn) little more than sad

　　解析：more than＋adj./adv. 意為“非常，很”。本句意為“Lizzie很傷心地在機場為她的朋友送行”。

　　答案：B

　　(2)—Tom is very stupid. He failed to pass the exam once again.

　　—He is ______ than stupid.

　　A．lazier

　　B．no lazier

　　C．more lazy

　　D．lazier rather

　　解析：more＋adj.＋than 意為“與其說……倒不如說……”。答句句意為：“與其說他笨倒不如說他懶。”

　　答案：C

　　3. before引導時間狀語從句

　　[應用3]　(1)—How long do you think it will be______China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?

　　—Perhaps two or three years.

　　A. when

　　B. until

　　C. that

　　D. before

　　(2)—It's a long time ______I last saw you.

　　—Yes, and it will be another month ______we can meet again.

　　A．before; since

　　B．when; before

　　C．since; when

　　D．since; before

　　(3)(2009·北京四中)She was so angry that she rushed out into the rain ______I could stop her.

　　A. until

　　B. before

　　C. when

　　D. unless

　　(1)It will be long/some time before sb. do/does sth.是典型句式。意為“要過很久/一些時間某人才……”。

　　答案：D

　　(2)第一空表示“自上次見到你已有很久不見了”，用 since；第二空表示“再過一個月又會見面的”，用 before。

　　答案：D

　　(3)考查 before引導時間狀語從句，意為“在……之前；還沒來得及”。

　　答案：B

　　B3U1

　　The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as_though it is covered with pink snow. 整個國度到處是盛開的櫻花，看上去就像覆蓋了一層粉紅色的雪。 as though/as if...“好像”，，。It looks as though you are ill today. 今天你看上去好像病了。He acted as if nothing had happened. 他表現(xiàn)得若無其事。

　　(1)as if/as though 引導表語從句時，如果是客觀的事實，用真實的語氣；如果是不可能發(fā)生的事，只是一種想象、猜測，則用虛擬語氣。 The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.烏云密布，天看起來像要下雨了。 It looks as if the sky was/were falling down. 天看起來好像要塌下來似的。

　　(2)as if/as though 引導方式狀語從句，要用虛擬語氣。 He talks as if he was/were the owner of the world. (與現(xiàn)在相反，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時) 他說起話來好像他主宰這個世界似的。 He talks as if he had been to the moon. (與過去相反，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時) 他說起話來好像他去過月球似的。 She talks and talks as if she would never stop.(與將來相反，從句謂語動詞用過去將來時) 她說呀說呀，好像永遠也說不完。

　　(3)as if引導方式狀語從句時可用省略形式，后面接名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語，也可跟分詞或不定式。如： ①He talks as if a philosopher. 他談論起來就好像是一個哲學家似的。 ②The lady cried and laughed as if mad. 這位女士哭了又笑，好像瘋了。 ③Tom dropped his head and didn‘t dare say a word, as if not knowing the answer. 湯姆低垂著頭不敢說話，好像不知道答案。

　　④He talks as if drunk. 從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。 ⑤Tom opened his mouth as if to say something. 湯姆張開嘴好像要說什么。

　　[即境活用]　(1)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______yesterday.

　　A．was happeningB．happens

　　C．has happened

　　D．happened

　　解析：考查 as if 從句中的時態(tài)。由語境知選D。

　　答案：D

　　(2) The man we followed suddenly stopped as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction.

　　A．seeing

　　B．having seen

　　C．to see

　　D．to have seen

　　解析：考查 as if從句中的省略。“停下來去看……”用不定式 to see。

　　答案：C

　　(3)The gentleman will be devoted to Lily forever, ______ she treats him badly.

　　A．even though

　　B．however

　　C．nevertheless

　　D．a(chǎn)s though

　　解析：考查狀語從句。句子表示讓步關(guān)系，故選 even though“即使”。

　　答案：A

　　B3U2

　　1．Nothing could be better... 此句中形容詞(或副詞)的比較級 better與否定詞 nothing連用，。 no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等與比較級連用，。

　　I think nothing is more pleasant than travelling.

　　我想沒有什么比旅行更令人愉快的了。Nobody loves money better than he.

　　沒人比他更貪財。—Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得怎樣？

　　—Never better, like a rock. 從來沒這么好過，。

　　拓展：下列結(jié)構(gòu)也可表示最高級的含義：

　　(1)否定詞＋so＋adj./adv.(原級)

　　such＋adj.(原級)＋n.

　　(2)adj./adv.(比較級)＋than＋

　　any other＋n. (單數(shù))

　　any of the other＋n. (復數(shù))

　　①You haven't done such a foolish thing!

　　你從沒有做過這么傻的事！(這是你做過的最傻的事。)

　　②Bill runs faster than any other boy

　　any of the other boys in his class.

　　在班里比爾跑得比別的男孩快。

　　[即境活用1]　(1)(2008·海南東方模擬)—Did you listen to Mr Jackson's lecture?

　　—Yes, I have never heard a ______ one.

　　A．more excitingB．more excited

　　C．most exciting

　　D．most excited

　　解析：考查否定詞與比較級連用表示最高級意義，即 never...a more exciting one。

　　答案：A

　　(2)(2009·河北唐山期末)—Who is your favourite basketball player in China?

　　—Yao Ming, of course. No one plays ______.

　　A．better

　　B．best

　　C．good

　　D．well

　　解析：No one plays better. 意為“沒有人(比他)打得更好”。

　　答案：A

　　2．He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!

　　have sb. doing 在此表示“允許或容忍(某事物)發(fā)生”。 have常用在否定句中， will not, cannot 等之后。(1)have sb. do sth. “使某人做某事”，不定式做賓補省略 to，但其被動式(sb. be made to do sth.)不能省略 to。含此種“使得”意義的其他動詞還有 make, let, lead, drive等，如： No one can have Tom do this. 沒人能使湯姆做這件事。

　　(2)have sth. done 包含兩層意思：一種是“請別人做某事”；另一種為“承擔外界或別人做某事的后果”。

　　(3)have sb. (sth.) doing 有兩層含義：一種是“使……處于某種狀態(tài)或作出某種反應”；另一種是“允許、聽任某種事情發(fā)生”，這種用法一般用于否定句中。

　　(4)have sth. to do 意為“有某事要做”，have 意為“有，擁有”。不定式 to do是賓語 sth.的定語，句子的主語是不定式動作的執(zhí)行者。如果是 to be done做定語時，說明該不定式是由別人發(fā)出的。

　　①It is rude of you to speak to Father like that and I won't have you speaking to Father like that in future.

　　那樣跟父親說話很粗魯，今后我不會再容忍你那樣跟父親說話。

　　②He had his audience listening attentively.

　　他吸引住了聽眾的注意力。

　　③No one can have me leave the office.

　　沒有人能使我離開辦公室。

　　④She had her bag stolen.

　　她的包被偷了。

　　⑤I have some letters to type.

　　我有些信要打。(“我”自己動手打)

　　⑥I have some letters to be typed.

　　我有幾封信需要打。(需要找別人打)

　　[即境活用2]　(1)We can't have people ______ late all the time.

　　A．a(chǎn)rrive

　　B．to arrive

　　C．a(chǎn)rriving

　　D．a(chǎn)rrived

　　解析：用于否定句中 can't have sb. doing 意為“不能允許……”。

　　答案：C

　　(2)Is this TV set ______ you wish to have ______？

　　A．the one; repaired

　　B．which; it repaired

　　C．the one; it repaired

　　D．which; repaired

　　解析：第一空填 the one做先行詞，其后為省略 which的定語從句，且 which在從句中做 have的賓語，故選A。

　　答案：A

　　(3)—Mr Smith, do you have something ______ at this moment?

　　—No, thanks. I'll call you if any.

　　A．to be typed

　　B．to type

　　C．typed

　　D．typing

　　解析：考查 have something to be done結(jié)構(gòu)，因為不定式的主語不是句子主語 you。

　　答案：A

　　3．Why_don't_you sit down and try a meal? 你為什么不坐下來吃頓飯呢？

　　Why don't you...？＝Why not do...？為什么不……？(表示建議)

　　①Why don't you have a try once again?

　　＝Why not have a try once again?

　　為什么不再試一下呢？

　　②Why don't you call him right now?

　　＝Why not call him right now?

　　為什么不立刻給他打個電話？

　　拓展：向別人提建議也可以用：

　　(1)had better do... 最好做……

　　(2)Let's do..., shall we? 讓我們做……，好嗎？

　　(3)I advise you (not) to do... 我勸你(別)做……

　　(4)I suggest that you (not) do...

　　我建議你(別)做……

　　(5)Can't we do...? 難道我們不可以做……嗎？

　　(6)What/How about doing...? 做……怎么樣？

　　(7)Will you please do...? 請你做……好嗎？

　　(8)Would you like/love to do...? 你愿意做……嗎？

　　(9)I wonder if you should do...

　　我想知道你是不是應該做……

　　(10)Shall we do...? 我們做……好嗎？

　　[即境活用3]　—It's a long time since I saw my sister.

　　—______ her this weekend?