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高考英語復習完形填空:考點解析說明文5

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高考英語復習完形填空:考點解析說明文5

  說明文型完形填空

  專題導讀

  說明文往往圍繞一個問題從不同的側面來加以說明,通常結構嚴謹,句子結構復雜,因此也是高考完形填空題中較難理解的一種文體。說明文一般有三類:一是實物性說明文。包括說明書、廣告、解說詞、人物介紹、知識小品、知識注解等(實物是指國家、城市、人物、山水、樹木、花草、蟲魚、鳥獸、建筑、文化古跡、科技成果及各種工農業產品);二是事理性說明文。包括理論性解釋、文書簡介、教材等(事理是指觀點、立場、名詞概念、學術流派等);三是文藝性說明文。即把說明對象擬人化,進而編成故事,對其進行介紹。

  具體特點為:

  1. 開頭點題。做說明文型完形填空時,要明確說明的對象是什么,是具體實物還是理論性概念。因此,明確說明的對象是掌握說明細節的前提。在近年的說明文型完形填空題中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說明的對象。

  2. 結構清晰。把握語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明文的寫作一般按時間順序(指先后順序),空間順序(從局部到整體、從上到下、從內到外),邏輯順序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次),認識順序(由此及彼、由淺入深、由具體到抽象、由現象到本質)。

  說明文型完形填空短文層次清晰,整體性強,所以,遞進性詞匯和名詞的設題往往出現得較多。說明文往往較直白,寫作脈絡清晰,又沒有很多感情因素的摻入,所以就不會有過多的情感詞匯,自然不會有鉆不出的“迷宮”。據此特點,我們便可以跟著“作者”走,理清整篇文章的思路,從而順利答題。

  真題典例

  [2010·安徽卷]

  Most people give little thought to the pens they write with,especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __1__ things are handwritten. All too often,people buy a pen based only on __2__,and wonder

  why they are not satisfied __3__ they begin to use it. However,buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not __4__ if you keep the following in mind.

  First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __5__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征)__6__ comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers,you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a __7__ hand and thicker fingers,you may __8__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can __9__ influence comfort. A pen that is too__10__ can easily feel top- heavy and unstable.

  Then,the writing point of the pen should __11__ the ink to flow evenly (均勻地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper.__12__ will make it possible for you to create a __13__ line of writing. The point should also

  be sensitive enough to __14__ ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __15__ may leave drops of ink,__16__you pick the pen up and put it down again.

  __17__,the pen should make a thick,dark line. Fine- line pens may __18__ bad handwriting,but fine,delicate lines do not command __19__ next to printed text,as,__20__,a signature on a printed letter. A broader line,on the other hand,gives an impression of confidence and authority (權威).

  ()1. A. many B. few

  C. pleasant

  D. important

  ()2. A. looks

  B. reason

  C. value

  D. advantages

  ()3. A. once

  B. if

  C. because

  D. though

  ()4. A. convenient

  B. practical

  C. strange

  D. difficult

  ()5. A. heavy

  B. easy

  C. hard

  D. safe

  ()6. A. taking

  B. finding

  C. determining

  D. seeking

  ()7. A. stronger

  B. weaker

  C. smaller

  D. larger

  ()8. A. prefer

  B. recommend

  C. prepare

  D. demand

  ()9. A. hardly

  B. also

  C. never

  D. still

  ()10. A. thick

  B. light

  C. long

  D. soft

  ()11. A. change

  B. allow

  C. reduce

  D. press

  ()12. A. They

  B. One

  C. This

  D. Some

  ()13. A. thin

  B. rough

  C. black

  D. smooth

  ()14. A. prevent

  B. free

  C. protect

  D. remove

  ()15. A. way

  B. sight

  C. flow

  D. stream

  ()16. A. so

  B. as

  C. and

  D. yet

  ()17. A. Meanwhile

  B. Generally

  C. Afterwards

  D. Finally

  ()18. A. show up

  B. differ from

  C. break down

  D. compensate for

  ()19. A. attention

  B. support

  C. respect

  D. admission

  ()20. A. at most

  B. for example

  C. in brief

  D. on purpose

  1.B 文章開頭說人們很少注意選擇鋼筆,原因是手寫的東西很少。

  2.A 人們買鋼筆主要基于樣子(looks)。

  3.A 一旦使用才發現并不滿意。

  4.D 如果按作者說的做,買一支喜歡的鋼筆并不難。

  5.B 買鋼筆要與手合適,使用起來容易。

  6.C 鋼筆的粗度決定了使用時是否舒適。

  7.D 手大的當然要買粗一點的,與前文Having a small hand相呼應。

  8.A 根據句意“如果你的手指更大且更粗,你可能會更喜歡一支更粗的筆。”選A。recommend“推薦”;prepare“準備”;demand“要求”,均不合句意。

  9.B 鋼筆的長度也影響舒適度。

  10.C 太長的筆拿著容易感到頭重,不穩。

  11.B 筆尖要使得墨水均勻流暢。

  12.C 這一點(This)使得流利書寫成為可能。

  13.D 根據前一句話“...allow the ink to flow evenly(均勻地) while

  the pen remains in touch with the paper.” 即可推知:使你的書寫線條流暢。

  14.A 不寫的時候,筆尖要防止墨水流出。prevent...from阻止;free from免于;protect...from保護;remove from從……中移開(拿走,除掉)。

  15.C 

  16.B 當你拿筆或放筆的時候。

  17.D 由上文First of all...,Then...可知這里應用Finally。

  18.D 好的筆可以彌補書寫差的缺點。show up使顯示出;differ from與……不同;break down損壞,發生故障;compensate for 賠償,補償損失。

  19.A 和印刷體比較,寫得好(指簽名)也并不能引起注意。

  20.B at most 至多;for example 例如;in brief 總之;on purpose故意地。

  新題預測

  Long time ago, if a child had some problems in his life, he might go home and write in his

  ___1__. Now, a child with the same problems might go onto the Internet and write about them in a blog(博客). In many ways, a diary and a blog are very

  __2__. So, what makes blogging different from writing in a(an)

  __3__

  diary?

  The biggest difference is that a blog is much more

  __4__

  than a diary. Usually, a teenager treats his diary like a book full of

  __5___

  that he does not want to

  __6__.

  It's interesting that someone who writes in a blog

  __7__

  a diary will probably write nearly the same information.

  I have a little sister, and sometimes I go online to read her blog. She

  __8__

  about things like waking up early for swimming practice and not studying enough for her chemistry test.

  __9__

  I was her age, I wrote about the same things, but

  __10__

  in my diary. Then, after I had finished writing, I would hide my diary in a secret place because I was

  __11__

  that my sister might read it!

  The biggest

  __12__

  with blogging is that anyone can read what you write. If I was angry with a friend during high school and wrote something

  __13__

  about her in my diary, she would never know. __14__, if my sister ever wrote something bad about a friend, that friend

  __15__

  read her blog and get angry.

  There are also

  __16__

  to blogging, of course. If I was feeling sad one day and wrote in my diary, “Nobody cares about me,” __17__

  would know about it. However,

  if my sister wrote

  the same sentence in her blog, her best friends would

  __18__

  respond(回應)and tell her how much they like her. Blogs help people

  __19__

  in contact with their friends and

  know what the people

  ___20__

  them are doing.

  ()1.A.notebook

  B.diary

  C.blog

  D.Book

  ()2.A.familiar

  B.same

  C.similar

  D.Different

  ()3.A.old

  B.real

  C.daily

  D.Traditional

  ()4.A.convenient

  B.secret

  C.public

  D.cheap

  ()5.A.secrets

  B.mysteries

  C.questions

  D.Puzzles

  ()6.A.publish

  B.share

  C.solve

  D.Answer

  ()7.A.instead

  B.as well as

  C.in favor of

  D.instead of

  ()8.A.wonders

  B.learns

  C.writes

  D.worries

  ()9.A.Although

  B.When

  C.Because

  D.Since

  ()10.A.only

  B.never

  C.also

  D.Still

  ()11.A.surprised

  B.glad

  C.interested

  D.Worried

  ()12.A.difficulty

  B.reason

  C.problem

  D.mistake

  ()13.A.good

  B.mean

  C.funny

  D.Interesting

  ()14.A.However

  B.Also

  C.Then

  D.Besides

  ()15.A.will

  B.should

  C.must

  D.Might

  ()16.A.problems

  B.goods

  C.advantages

  D.mistakes

  ()17.A.everyone B.no one

  C.someone D.Anyone

  ()18.A.happily

  B.hardly

  C.seldom

  D.Quickly

  ()19.A.stay

  B.put

  C.lose

  D.Find

  ()20.A.besides

  B.over

  C.around D.in front of

  【要點綜述】 這是一篇說明文,說明了博客和日記相比的優缺點。這篇文章和我們現實生活貼得很近,解答問題時要多考慮實際,做起來就比較順手。

  1.B 通讀全文,了解大意知:作者一直在比較“博客”和“日記”的優缺點。根據語境判斷譯文為:很久以前,如果一個孩子在他的生活中有一些問題,他可能回家寫在他的“日記”里。

  2.D 通過后一句what makes blogging different from writing in a … diary?我們可以判斷出是說兩者不同。故選D。

  3.D “在很多方面,日記和博客是有很大差別的。所以,寫一篇‘傳統’日記和寫一篇博客有什么差別呢?”這需要我們聯系實際生活,A意為“老的,舊的”,放在文中,語意不通順,排除A項;B意為“真的”,放在文中,語意也不通順,所以也排除;C意為“每天的”,和“日記”本身含義重復,所以排除;D意為“傳統的”,放到文中最恰當,故D為正確答案。

  4.C 聯系實際或通過了解下文大意我們很容易判斷出“博客和日記相比,最大的不同是:博客更加‘公開化’。”故選public。

  5.A 上句中“博客”和“日記”最大的不同是,“博客”更公開化,相反,我們很容易猜測出“日記”充滿了“秘密”,所以選secrets。

  6.B “通常情況下,一個青少年對待她的日記像一本充滿‘秘密的’書,她不想和別人一起‘分享’書的內容。”“秘密”當然不能與別人分享,所以選share。

  7.D 根據語境判斷譯文:一件有意思的事是,某個人寫了一篇博客,這和他的日記可能完全一樣,但是它是博客,而不是日記。“而不是……”用固定搭配instead of。

  8.C 在博客上“寫”文章,應用writes。

  9.B “當我像她這個年齡的時候,……”,“當……的時候”,應用When。

  10.A “當我像她這個年齡的時候,我寫跟她相同的東西,但是我‘僅僅’寫在我的日記里。”只有A項放到文中,語意通順,符合實際情況。故A為正確答案。

  11.D 把日記藏起來,當然是怕別人發現,所以顯得很“擔心”,故選worried。

  12.C 通過仔細閱讀這段文字,不難看出作者是在寫博客的最大“問題”,所以用problem。

  13.B mean 此處表示“刻薄的,不客氣的”。

  14.A 此空前后為轉折關系,所以要用表轉折的連詞However。

  15.D “然而,我的妹妹如果把對朋友不好的話寫在博客里,這位朋友就可能讀到,并且很生氣。”所以選might,表示有這種可能,但把握性不大,只是一種推測。

  16.C 仔細閱讀文章最后一段不難看出,這段是講博客的“優點”。所以選advantages。

  17.B “沒有人關心我,沒有人知道我為什么而悲傷?”聯系實際我們很容易判斷出主語應有否定形式。所以選B。

  18.D 聯系實際,互聯網傳遞信息是瞬間的,只要她的好朋友看到這篇博客,回應應該也很快。所以用quickly。

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