高考英語復習完形填空:考點解析6(課件)
模塊 3 │ 應試點睛
3.根據語篇標志進行填充
語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位(句群、段落、篇章等)。語篇間往往有標明內在聯系的詞,我們稱這些詞為“語篇標志詞”。如表示結構層次的有first, second, third, finally等;表示邏輯關系的有thus,therefore,so等;表示轉折關系或變換話題的有however, but, by the way等。“語篇標志詞”對迅速理清文章的脈絡,弄清上下文關系很有幫助。 模塊 3 │ 應試點睛
【典例】 Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines practiced daily and ________ is nothing more than a few small errors repeated daily.
【解析】 根據句中and所表示的并列關系可知該空與success相對應,故該空填failure。
模塊 3 │ 應試點睛
4.根據上下文語境進行填充
【典例】 Later, I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right ________was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?
【解析】 根據下文“How would I ever play the piano again?”可判斷我所受傷的部位是用來彈鋼琴的,由此判斷該空填hand。 模塊 3 │ 應試點睛
5.根據生活常識進行填充
【典例】 After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as ________as a sheet, and gave me a hug. Only then did the doctor begin to stitch(縫合) my head wound.
【解析】 根據后一句可知,我是因傷在醫院需動手術;由生活常識可知,動手術前自然害怕,害怕的人自然會臉色蒼白,而且生活中紙也常是白色的,由這些生活常識可判斷該空填white。 模塊 3 │ 應試點睛
6.根據文化背景進行填充
【典例】 After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church________.
【解析】 這句話的意思是“水災后鄧先生一貧如洗了”。as poor as a church mouse(一貧如洗),所以此處填mouse。 題型探究 模塊 3 │ 題型探究 ? 探究點一 實詞型填空
完形填空第二節在8個空之中考查實詞運用常為1—3空,常見為動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞。一般來說,考查實詞之處頗具情景性,即與語境有關,要求根據上下文邏輯的發展關系進行推斷。因此,正確解答實詞型,弄懂短文大意至關重要。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
正確解答實詞型填空,一要注意判斷詞性,即根據句子的結構和功能,判斷是用形容詞還是副詞;用動詞還是名詞等。如果修飾名詞,前面多用形容詞或偶用名詞或名詞所有格作定語;修飾動詞或整個句子通常用副詞;作謂語用動詞;作主語或賓語通常用名詞、代詞;作系動詞的表語通常用形容詞而不用副詞;作定語用形容詞或相當于形容詞的短語或分句。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
二要注意判斷詞形。即當確定所填的詞是名詞時,就要考慮是可數名詞還是不可數名詞,是單數名詞還是復數名詞。形容詞要看是用原級,還是比較級、最高級。如果填的是動詞,首先要判斷是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞,謂語動詞就要考慮時態和語態、語氣等;非謂語動詞則要考慮是用現在分詞、過去分詞還是不定式形式,同時也要考慮時態和語態問題。代詞則要考慮用主格還是賓格等。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例1】 Well, it’s just a waste of time. Teenagers playing the game spend so many hours on it that they cannot ________ on their study.
【解析】 該空在句中作謂語,且置于情態動詞之后,由此判斷該空填動詞原形。根據語境可推斷該空填focus或concentrate。focus/concentrate on意為“集中”。
【典例2】 When we look at it as a whole, we begin to have some ________, which even the best guide-books do not answer.
模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【解析】 該空在句中作動詞have的賓語且前面有形容詞some的修飾,由此判斷該空填名詞的復數形式。根據空后的“do not answer”可推斷該空填questions。
【典例3】 China is ________ than Japan in size.
【解析】 該空在句中作is的表語且后有介詞than,表兩者之間的比較,由此判斷該空填形容詞的比較級。根據常識我們知道,中國在面積上比日本大,故該空填larger。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例4】 And yes, if I see the blue flowers again, you can bet I’ll stop and transplant________ to my wildflower garden.
【解析】 該空在句中作動詞transplant的賓語,應填名詞或代詞。如果填名詞,根據語境則應填the blue flowers,但由于空中只能填一詞,故用人稱代詞賓格them填空,代替the blue flowers。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究 ? 探究點二 虛詞型填空
完形填空第二節考查虛詞為主。在8個空之中考查虛詞運用的情況多至5—7空,主要考查介詞、并列連詞、it的虛指用法、冠詞、從句引導詞(即名詞性從句、定語從句或狀語從句的引導詞)。答好虛詞型試題要求考生具有較強的語境推理能力,扎實的語法基礎知識,豐富的詞匯及句型搭配和較強的英語語感。
具體地說,解答虛詞型填空試題的常見技巧如下: 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
1.如果該空在句中并列連接兩個成分或句子,并列連接兩個詞或短語,則用并列連詞。常考查的并列連詞有:
(1)表轉折、對比關系的并列連詞:but, while, whereas;表讓步轉折意義的副詞:nevertheless, however, though,anyway,anyhow,yet。
(2)表因果關系的并列連詞:so, thus,for(因為);表示因果意義的副詞:therefore。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
(3)表選擇關系的并列連詞:or(或者;否則), either…or;表選擇意義的副詞:otherwise。
(4)表并列關系的并列連詞:and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor。
(5)表“就在這時”的并列連詞:when。
【典例1】 In some places women are expected to earn money ________ men work at home and raise their children.
模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【解析】 句意為:在一些地方,人們期望婦女掙錢而男士在家操持家務和撫養子女。前后兩句之間是對比關系,故填while。
【典例2】 He found it increasingly difficult to read, ________ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
【解析】 因為前后句是因果關系,故填for表“因為”。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例3】 You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder,________you won’t pass the course.
【解析】 根據語境“你已有兩場考試不及格,你最好開始加倍努力,否則你通不過這門學科的。”判斷填or。
【典例4】 Stand over there ________ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better.
模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【解析】 句意為:站在那兒,你能更好地看到這幅油畫。根據句型“祈使句+and+簡單句”可判斷填and。
【典例5】 I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ________I heard the steps.
【解析】 句意為:我剛走出浴室正忙于用浴巾擦干身子,就在這時我聽到了腳步聲。由此判斷填when。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例6】 There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as________ as their knowledge.
【解析】 此處as well as連接兩個并列名詞短語作test的賓語。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
2.如果該空位于“形容詞+ 單數可數名詞”之前,考慮用冠詞(a/an/the)或形容詞性物主代詞。此外,也要掌握一些有關冠詞的固定搭配。
【典例1】 We must not only use our knowledge and abilities to manage the Earth, but to make the Earth________ safe and healthy place where all animals and plants—including humans ourselves—can live.
【解析】 該空后形容詞safe和healthy所修飾的place為單數可數名詞,由此判斷此空填冠詞。由語境可知此處表泛指,故填a。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例2】 The little girl pulled ________ left hand out of the pocket and took out some money.
【解析】 空后為“形容詞+單數名詞”結構,考慮用冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞。根據句意此處應指小女孩的左手,故用her填空。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
3.如果該空位于“限定詞(冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格、數詞)+形容詞+ 名詞”之前,或該空位于動詞和名詞或代詞之間,則可考慮用介詞。此外也要注意“系動詞+形容詞+介詞+名詞或代詞”結構。
【典例1】 Another simple way to protect your heart at your age is to quit smoking and avoid breathing ________ second-hand smoke.
【解析】 該空位于動詞和名詞之間,可初步判斷該空填介詞。根據“quit smoking”和“avoid breathing ________ second-smoke”的并列關系可判斷,此處指“避免吸入二手煙”,故填in。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例2】 She first painted only to please herself, and then began to sell her works ________a little money.
【解析】 該空位于“a little money”之前,可初步判斷填介詞。根據語境可判斷此處表示出售作品的目的是為了賺錢,故填for。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
4.如果該空引導的從句置于句首且整個從句在句中作主語,則考慮用主語從句的引導詞;如果該空引導的從句置于系動詞之后,則考慮用表語從句的引導詞;如果該空引導的從句置于動詞或介詞之后,則考慮用賓語從句的引導詞,其中考得較多的名詞性從句的引導詞是what, whatever, that, whether, where, why。
【典例1】
________ that team and that school must do is to admit that it lost.
【解析】 該空引導的從句在句中作主語,即可判斷它引導一個主語從句。根據該空在從句中作do的賓語,故填what。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例2】 I don’t quite understand ________ they are so mad about the childish game. Maybe they are just not confident enough to face the real world.
【解析】 該空引導的從句置于動詞understand之后且作understand的賓語,故可判斷它引導一個賓語從句。根據后一句的意思可推斷我很不明白他們為什么如此著迷于該幼稚的游戲,故填why。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
5.如果該空引導的從句置于名詞之后,則可考慮兩種情況,一是引導同位語從句,常見的名詞有fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等,同位語從句補充說明這些名詞的內容;考查引導同位語從句較多的引導詞是that, whether,這兩個引導詞在從句中均不作成分。二是引導定語從句,此時定語從句修飾或限制它前面的名詞,常考查的是關系代詞that, which, who, whom, as和關系副詞when, where, why。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例1】 The news ________ we won the game is exciting.
【解析】 該空引導的從句置于名詞news之后且具體說明news的內容,可判斷該空引導同位語從句。由句意可推斷填that。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例2】 As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examination________ will decide his future of job.
【解析】 該空引導的從句置于名詞examination之后并修飾examination,由此推斷它引導的是一個定語從句。根據其在從句中作主語,且先行詞指物,故填which或that。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
6.如果該空引導的從句位于句首或位于句末,且前后句之間沒有并列連詞,此時可考慮用引導狀語從句的引導詞,常考的引導詞有:because, as, when, before, after, though, although, while, where, if, since, so/such…that等。
【典例1】 ________she had not lost her precious belongs, she could have lost something far more important—her life!
【解析】 該空引導從句置于句末,且兩句之間無并列連詞,可判斷該空引導狀語從句。根據句意可判斷填if引導虛擬條件句。 模塊 3 │ 題型探究
【典例2】 Anna Mary Robertson, better known as “Grandma Moses”, turned to painting ________she was too old to work on her farm.
【解析】 該空引導從句置于句末,再結合句意可判斷它引導一個時間狀語從句,故填when。 專題 四 │ 專題導讀
說明文往往較直白,寫作脈絡清晰,又沒有很多感情因素的摻入,所以就不會有過多的情感詞匯,自然不會有鉆不出的“迷宮”。據此特點,我們便可以跟著“作者”走,理清整篇文章的思路,從而順利答題。 真題再現 專題 四 │ 真題再現
[2010·安徽改編]
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very few things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only on __1__ and wonder why they are not satisfied once they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not __2__ if you keep the following in mind. 專題 四 │ 真題再現
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be__3__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)__4__ comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a larger hand and thicker fingers, you may __5__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can also influence comfort. A pen that is too __6__ can easily feel top-heavy and unstable. 專題 四 │ 真題再現
Then, the writing point of the pen should __7__ the ink to flow evenly(均勻地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. This will make it possible for you to create a __8__ line of writing. The point should also be sensitive enough to prevent ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __9__ may leave drops of inks, as you pick up and put it down again. 專題 四 │ 真題再現
__10__, the pen should make a thick,dark line. Fine-line pens may __11__ bad handwriting, but fine, delicate lines do not command __12__ next to printed text, as, for example, a signature on a printed letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority(權威). ()1.A.looksB.reasons
C.values
D.advantages ()2.A.convenient
B.practical
C.strange
D.difficult
專題 四 │ 真題再現
()3.A.heavy
B.easy
C.hard
D.safe
()4.A.talking
B.finding
C.determining
D.seeking
()5.A.prefer
B.recommend
C.prepare
D.demand
()6.A.thick
B.light
C.long
D.soft
()7.A.change
B.allow
C.reduce
D.press 專題 四 │ 真題再現
()8.A.thin
B.rough
C.black
D.smooth
()9.A.way
B.sight
C.flow
D.steam
()10.A.Meanwhile
B.Generally
C.Afterwards
D.Finally
()11.A.show up
B.differ from
C.break down
D.compensate for
()12.A.attention
B.support
C.respect
D.admission 專題 四 │ 真題再現
【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。作者向我們介紹了什么形狀的鋼筆讓我們使用起來感到舒服,筆尖的好壞對我們書寫的影響以及線條的粗細和深淺所產生的影響。