選 修 8

　　Units 3～

　　專項語法十　情景交際

　　要點精析

　　一、告別(Farewells)

　　常用表達法：

　　1．I'm afraid I must be leaving/going now.

　　I think it's time for us to leave now.

　　It's time I met/did.../I had to go now.

　　It's about time I was going, I'm afraid.

　　2．Goodbye! (Bye－bye! Bye！)

　　See you later/tomorrow.(See you.)

　　Good night.

　　3．Keep in touch.

　　Mention/Remember me to your family.

　　Say hello to your parents.

　　I'm glad to have met you and your friends. Hope to meet you again.

　　It's very good of you to come to see me off.

　　Have a pleasant journey.

　　Take care. Bye!

　　Goodbye and good luck.

　　Drop in again whenever you have time.

　　Please give my best regards to your parents.

　　注意：

　　(1)當彼此雙方作短暫告別時，可以使用如Goodbye.; Bye－bye.; See you.; See you later.等表達法。

　　(2)如若去送別某人且雙方分別時間較長，甚至再也見不到雙方了，則一般在說Goodbye前用比較正式且嚴肅的告別用語，如Take care.; Give my best wishes to your family.。

　　(3)人們經常使用揮手來表示告別。

　　(4)告別時，易犯漢語習慣式的表達錯誤：I've wasted a lot of your time.和I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time.后者主要是用在你請別人花費很多時間幫忙時。

　　(5)如果你不想掃了其他客人的興致，而你又必須提前離開，按照中國人的習慣，則常用：“I'll go first.; I'm leaving now.”來表示“先走一步，你們繼續談吧”，但是按照英美人的習慣，卻應說：I'm afraid I have to go now. But don't let me break up the party.(恐怕我現在得走了，但不要因為我中斷了聚會。)另外，送客時國外一般只送到大門口，作為客人無需說：Stay where you are.; Don't come any further.等，這并不是西方人不夠熱情，而是中外文化傳統不同罷了。

　　二、感謝和應答(Thanks and responses)

　　常用表達法：

　　1．Thank you (very much)．/Thanks a lot./Many thanks./Thanks for.../I really don't know how I can thank you enough.

　　2．It's very kind of you to.../Not at all./It's.../That's all right(OK)．/You're welcome./I'm very glad you enjoyed it./It's a pleasure./My pleasure./Please don't mention it./It was nothing./Forget it.

　　注意：

　　(1)感謝的表達法在國外幾乎用于一切場合，家人之間、陌生人之間、師生之間等等，哪怕是一件小事情，甚至是理所當然的事，也得說聲謝謝。但不能“謝”得過頭，否則會被認為是一種不真誠，更不要照搬中國的“道歉式致謝”方式，如：I'm sorry to have wasted your time.

　　(2)在大多數場合，僅說：Thanks.; Thank you.; Thanks a lot.是不夠的，還需說些其它表示感激和非常高興之類的話。如感謝別人的宴請，可以這么說：The dinner was delicious. Thank you for your invitation.

　　三、道歉、遺憾和應答(Apologies, regrets, sympathies & responses)

　　常用表達法：

　　1．Sorry./Pardon.

　　I'm terribly/awfully sorry./I'm sorry for(about)．..

　　I'm sorry to.../have done that...

　　I apologize.

　　Forgive me (for...)．

　　I really didn't mean that at all.

　　2．Excuse me (for...)

　　Be afraid that...

　　What a pity/shame！/It's a pity that...

　　3．That's all right.

　　It doesn't matter.

　　That's nothing.

　　Don't worry about it.

　　Never mind./Forget it.

　　It can't be helped.

　　It's OK.

　　It really isn't worth mentioning.

　　注意：

　　(1)道歉場合很多，用語也很多，有時候，在一些特殊情況下，我們也得考慮要求別人為某人或某事道歉。比如我們有時覺得朋友受到不公正待遇時，可以理直氣壯地向對方說：I'm sorry, but I had to say that you owe my friend an apology./Apologize to him for your rudeness.

　　(2)無論是向別人道歉還是回答別人的道歉，一定要注意語言和表情的一致性，即神情一定要誠懇，另外，說道歉用語時，一律須用降調。

　　四、邀請和應答(Invitations and responses)

　　常用表達法：

　　1．Will you come to...?

　　Would you like to...?

　　I'd like to invite you to...

　　We'd be very pleased if you could come to dinner this evening.

　　Why don't you...?

　　Perhaps you'd care to...?

　　(2)Oh./Sure, why not?

　　OK. That's a terrific/great idea.

　　That sounds very nice.

　　Yes, I'd love to (...)．

　　Yes, it's very kind/nice of you.

　　(3)I'd love to, but...

　　I'm really sorry, I can't.

　　I'm afraid I can't because...

　　注意：

　　(1)如果不是見面時的臨時邀請，在西方，特別是關系不是很親近的人，往往在一到兩個星期前提出，以便對方能調整自己的時間表。

　　(2)無論是書面還是口頭邀請，都有多種表達法，但要注意避免使用命令式的口氣。如：You come to our dinner this evening.

　　(3)在被邀請時，如若不去，應當找出適當的理由向對方說明，免得對方誤認為你不愿意與其交往。當然作為邀請者，你也可以在表示遺憾時，對他說沒關系，以后還可以找機會。

　　五、提供(幫助等)和應答(Offers and responses)

　　常用表達法：

　　1．Can/Could/Shall I help you?

　　Would you like me to...?

　　Is there anything(else)I can do for you?

　　Do you want me to...?

　　What can I do for you?

　　Let me do/carry/help...(for you)．

　　Would you like some...?

　　2．Thanks. That would be nice/fine.

　　That's very kind of you.

　　Thank you for your help.

　　Yes, please.

　　Here, take this/my...

　　3．No, thanks/thank you.

　　No, thanks/thank you. I can manage it myself.

　　Thank you all the same.

　　That's very kind of you, but...

　　六、請求、允許和應答(Asking for permission and responses)

　　常用表達法：

　　1．May I．..?

　　Can/Could I．..?

　　I wonder if I could...

　　Would/Do you mind if I open the window?

　　May I ask a favor of you?

　　Would you do me a favor?

　　Be kind enough to tell me the truth.

　　2．Yes./Sure./Certainly.

　　Yes, (do) please.

　　Of course(you may)．

　　Go ahead, please.

　　That's OK/all right.

　　Not at all.

　　Well, if I can.

　　I'd be glad to.

　　With pleasure.

　　3．I'm sorry, you can't.

　　I'm sorry, but...

　　You'd better not.

　　I'd like to, but I．..

　　注意：在此類交際項目的肯定表述中，With pleasure一定要與表示回答感謝的It's a pleasure/My pleasure.區別開來。

　　七、打電話(Making phone calls)

　　常用表達法：

　　1．Hello! Is(Tom)in?

　　May/Could I speak to...?

　　Is that...(speaking)?

　　Can you put me through to 34284390?

　　I'd like the number of the Peace Hotel, please.

　　2．Hold on a moment, please.

　　Just a minute, please.

　　Hello, who is it?

　　He/She isn't here right now.

　　Can I take a message for you?

　　Someone wants you on the telephone.

　　Do you want to leave a message?

　　Sorry, you've dialed the wrong number.

　　3．Hello, this is...speaking.

　　I called to tell/ask you...

　　注意：

　　(1)打電話時，第一個詞便是Hello，它不像中文中的“喂”那樣連喊幾聲，只要說一次就可以了，緊接著可自報姓名，告訴對方你是誰，并告知想與某人通話。

　　(2)如果你發現對方要找的是另一個人，或撥錯了號碼，這時，你最好能重復一下你的號碼，然后應很快告訴對方，可以使用簡單回答：Sorry, wrong number.不要一聲不響地就掛斷電話。同樣，若是你撥錯了號碼也應該這樣做。

　　(3)另外，特別注意打電話用語中英漢的差別。比如說：你是誰？我是……。

　　八、考綱以外的表達法

　　現在有許多考題雖然考查環境屬于大綱里，但是其語言運用已超越了大綱范圍，比如：2003年高考：No way(沒門); 2000年：Yes, sir?

　　九、易混的習慣應答語

　　1．I couldn't agree more./I don't agree.

　　前者意為“我非常贊同”，后者意為“我不同意”，意思正好相反。

　　—Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?

　　周末去野餐，好嗎？

　　—I couldn't agree more. I love getting close to nature.

　　我完全贊同。我喜歡親近大自然。(對意見的贊同)

　　2．Don't mention it./Forget it.

　　—I'd like to take a week's holiday.

　　我想休一周的假。

　　—Forget it; we're as busy as a bee.

　　別想了，我們都忙得不可開交了。(不可能)

　　②—I'm terribly sorry I broke your glass.

　　十分對不起，把你的水杯打碎了。

　　—You can forget it.

　　沒關系，別放在心上。(沒關系、別在意)

　　—What were you saying just now? I didn' hear.

　　你剛才說了些什么？我沒聽見。

　　—Oh, nothing, forget it.

　　沒什么，不值得一提。(別提它了，表不愿重復所說的話)

　　④—Thanks for the ride home!

　　謝謝坐你的車回家。

　　—Don't mention it.

　　區區小事，何足掛齒。(致謝應答語，譯作“不用謝”)

　　3．No doubt./No wonder.

　　“No doubt.”表示對別人的意見完全贊同，是“There is no doubt that...”的省略，意為“毫無疑問，確實如此”。

　　“No wonder.”是對肯定推測的回答，是“It's no wonder that...”的省略，上下句常為因果關系，意為“難怪，不足為奇”。

　　—He is always working till far into the night.

　　他總是學習到深夜。

　　—No wonder, he is admitted into Peking University.

　　難怪，他考上北大了。

　　4．Sure, go ahead./No, go ahead.

　　都可以用作征求對方應允的答語。前者用于回答“I wonder if...”或“May/Can I．..”，意為“當然可以，請吧”。后者用于回答“Do/Would you mind if I do/did...”，意為“不介意，請吧”。

　　①—Could I ask you a rather personal question?

　　我能問你一個個人問題嗎？

　　—Sure, go ahead.

　　當然可以。問吧。

　　—Would you mind me opening the door? It's too hot.

　　我把門打開你不介意吧？太熱了。

　　—No, go ahead.

　　不介意，開吧。

　　5．No way./No problem.

　　“No way.”表示強烈否定對方的主張和申請，類似于“Of course not.”，意為“沒門兒，辦不到”。

　　“No problem.”用于回答對方的道歉，譯作“沒什么”；也用于接受別人的請求，意為“沒問題”。

　　—I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.

　　我認為你應該給珍妮打電話向她賠個不是。

　　—No way. It was her fault.

　　想都別想，是她的錯。

　　②—I don't have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?

　　我身上沒零錢。你為我付費好嗎？

　　—No problem.

　　沒問題。

　　6．With pleasure./My pleasure.

　　“With pleasure.”是接受請求和邀請的用語，相當于“OK.”，意為“樂意效勞，非常愿意”。

　　“My pleasure.”是致謝的應答語，類似表達還有It's a pleasure./Not at all./That's all right./You're welcome./That's OK./Don't mention it.等。

　　①—Would you do me a favor and give me a ride?

　　借個光，能讓我搭個便車嗎？

　　—With pleasure.

　　樂意效勞。

　　—It's been a wonderful evening. That's very kind of you.

　　這是多么美妙的一個晚上啊。太謝謝你了。

　　—My pleasure.

　　不用謝。

　　7．Congratulations./Glad to hear that./Good luck.

　　“Congratulations.”用于對個人表示祝賀，如實現目標或取得勝利，但不用于節日祝賀。

　　“Glad to hear that.”是聽到別人喜訊時的應答語。

　　當別人要旅行或要從事某項活動時，向對方表示祝愿用“Good luck.”。

　　①—I had a really good weekend at my uncle's.

　　在我叔叔家，我周末確實玩得很開心。

　　—Oh, I'm glad to hear that.

　　聽到這個消息我非常高興。

　　②—I'm taking my driving test tomorrow.

　　明天我要去考駕照。

　　—Good luck!

　　祝你好運！

　　—After ten years of hard work, I have eventually passed the entrance exam.

　　歷經十年的辛苦努力，我終于通過了入學考試。

　　—Congratulations! 祝賀你！

　　8．That's right./That's all right./All right./It's right.

　　“That's right.”可省略為“Right.”，用于肯定對方對某事物的看法，意為“對，沒錯”。

　　“That's all right.”可以作致謝應答語，意為“不用謝”；作請求允許的應答語，意為“不介意”；還可作遺憾和抱歉的應答語，表示“沒關系”。

　　“All right.” 表示同意對方的意見。

　　“It's all right.”拒絕別人幫助時的用語。

　　—James, I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning.

　　詹姆斯，對不起，今天上午你不在時我用了你的電腦。

　　—That's all right. 沒關系。

　　運用提升

　　1．(2011·新課標，21)—We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.

　　—Yes, ________？ I'll give them a call right now.

　　A．why not

　　B．what for

　　C．why

　　D．what

　　答案：A　本題考查交際用語。句意：——我們邀請約翰和巴巴拉參加周五的晚會。——好啊！我馬上給他們打電話。why not“好啊”，表示同意對方意見，符合題意。what for“為了什么？”why“為什么？”what“什么？”都不符合語境。

　　2．(2011·新課標，35)—Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.

　　—Well, you married one.________.