語法復習----------動詞不定式

　　1.不定式的形式

　　主動式 被動式 含義

　　一般式

　　進行式

　　完成式

　　完成進行式

　　We decided to plant more trees this spring.

　　They often watch us play table tennis.

　　She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.

　　I am sorry to have lost your keys.

　　He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed.

　　The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.

　　不定式的否定式____________________

　　It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.

　　不定式的句法功能。

　　To do that sort of thing is foolish。________

　　My ambition is to become a famous scientist.______

　　I want to see you this evening.________

　　We found a house to live in._______

　　She came here to study English.______

　　I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation._______

　　作主語。

　　To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.

　　To get there by car takes a whole day.

　　注意：

　　不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用________.

　　不定式作主語與V-ing形式作主語的不同：前者作主語時，常表示某一次體的動作；而后者常表示習慣性的動作。To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教這三個孩子是今天下午我的工作。

　　　 alking is a good form of exercise. 散步是鍛煉的一種好方

　　動詞不定式作主語時，常用it 作形式主語，而真正的主語動詞不定式后置。

　　常用的句型有：

　　1. It is + adj.+ of /for sb to do sth

　　eg: It is not safe to drink the polluted water.

　　It is kind of him to help. ( He is kind.)

　　It is impossible for him to help us. ( He is impossible. x)

　　2. It is a/ an +n (crime, mistake, pity,

　　shame, good idea) + to do sth

　　eg: It's a good idea to visit the science museum this weekend.

　　3._________________ ____________________

　　eg:

　　It would take years to rebuild the castle

　　高考鏈接

　　1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

　　A. this B. that C. it D. he

　　2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.　A. for B. of C. about D. From

　　不定式及其短語作定語_____________________,

　　以下名詞和句型常用不定式作定語,如: chance, way, opportunity, time, the first, the last, the second, the only等詞后,在have to do和there be句型中。e.g.

　　沒有人可以照看他

　　There is no one to take care of her.

　　只有五種式樣可供選擇

　　There are only five pairs to choose from.

　　由于不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往有動賓關系，因此，如果動詞不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后應有必要的介詞。例如：He has no friend to depend on.

　　I have to find a seat to sit on.

　　There is nothing to worry about.

　　當句子的主語是不定式的邏輯主語時，不定式使用主動式；當句子的主語不是不定式的邏輯主語而不定式與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動關系時，不定式使用被動式。

　　　Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么東西要()帶給你兒子嗎？

　　Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么東西()帶給你兒子嗎？

　　不定式在以下形容詞后:easy, difficult,

　　hard, heavy, light, cheap,

　　good, nice,

　　safe,

　　dangerous, important,

　　interesting, pleasant,

　　(im)possible等。這時常用主動形式表被動When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _____ . (96上海)

　　A. to send B. for sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to

　　.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the16th century. (94)

　　A. having writte

　　B. to be written C. being written D. Written

　　The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.

　　A. to smell

　　B. smelling

　　C. smelt

　　D. to be smelt（上海）

　　（四）做賓語。

　　Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。______________________________________.

　　他答應不告訴任何人這事。__________________________________________________

　　注意：

　　下列動詞后只能用不定式做賓語：ask,,

　　afford,

　　agree, care,

　　choose, demand,

　　decide, expect,

　　fail,

　　hope,

　　learn, manage,

　　offer,

　　plan,

　　prepare,

　　pretend,

　　promise,

　　refuse,

　　want,

　　wish

　　后接不定式和V-ing形式作賓語均可，且沒有大的區別的動詞。常見動詞有： start, begin, continue等。

　　后接不定式和V-ing形式作賓語均可，但意思不同的動詞。常見動詞及短語有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。I wondered where to go to spend my holiday,

　　及物動詞want, need, require等，當其主語是“物”時，表示“需要”，常用動詞不定式的被動式作賓語。即

　　在表示”希望，打算“等動詞（如wish, hope, plan, mean ,intend)的過去式后加+ to have done 表示原打算干卻沒能辦到，相當于had wished/hoped/....to do

　　1.

　　I had meant to go to Shanghai

　　yesterday,

　　but was delayed by the bad weather.

　　2. ---Why didn’t you come to my birthday party?

　　---I' d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.

　　3. I expected to have met him here last night.我以為昨天晚上能在這里見到她.(但沒見到）

　　如果不定式做賓語而后面又有一個賓語補足語，這時要用it 做形式賓語，而動詞不定式要放到補語后面。即我們通常說的6123結構。例如：

　　She made it a rule to get up at 5 every day.

　　I once thought it impossible for us to finish the job in such a limited time.

　　介詞后一般不直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，但可用帶疑問詞的不定式

　　Marx gave some advice on how to learn English well.

　　但是介詞but, except后可以接不定式做賓語，需要特別注意的是若這兩個介詞前有實義動詞do, 則不定式的to 要省略。

　　The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard.

　　We had no choice but to wait for the next train,

　　There is nothing we can do but wait patiently.

　　高考鏈接

　　1. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.

　　A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen

　　. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.

　　A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking

　　. ----I usually go there by train.

　　----Why not ________ by boat for a change?

　　A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

　　. ----Was the test difficult?

　　----Not at all. We found ________ .

　　　A. it very easy for doingB. very easy to do itC. it very easy to do

　　D. it very easy to do it

　　5. ----Do you know Mr. Smith?

　　　Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.

　　A. us B. it C. him D. You

　　6. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.

　　A. this B. that C. its D. it

　　. Last summer I took a course on ________ .

　　A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be made

　　C. how to be made dresses

　　D. how dresses to be made

　　8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .

　　　A. it what to do withB. what to do it with

　　C. what to do with it

　　D. to do what with it

　　9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____in my new job.

　　A. expected

　　B to expect

　　C to be expecting

　　D. Expects

　　10. Sandy could do nothing but ___________ to his teacher that he was wrong. (2001上海春季)

　　A．admitB．admitted

　　C．admittingD．to admit

　　(五）做賓語補足語。

　　在感官動詞后做賓語補足語，此時不定式要省略 to. 表示動作的全過程。

　　這些感官動詞有：______________________________________________________________.

　　I heard him sing yesterday.

　　Did you see him go out?

　　I felt something crawl up my leg.]

　　注意： 轉為被動語態時to要還原。We saw the car stop.=________________________________

　　.2. 做使役動詞(have,make, let)后的賓語補足語,不定式省略to.,但是轉為被動語態時to需要還原。

　　Though he had often made his little sister cry ,today he was made to cry by his little sister.

　　動詞 advise, allow, ask, tell,invite,expect,force, get, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, order, warn,want等后常接不定式做賓語補足語，即這些動詞+sb./sth. to do sth,

　　We won't allow such thing to happen again,

　　We finally persuaded our teacher to play football with us.

　　高考鏈接

　　A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____ in the kitchen.（2003）

　　A.smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked

　　My advisor encouraged______ a summer course to improve my writing skills.(2004北京)

　　A for me taking B me taking C for me to takeD me to take

　　3.Paul doesn't have to be made______. He always works hard.(95)

　　　 A. learn　B. to learn　C. learned　D. Learning

　　做狀語

　　動詞不定式做狀語主要是做目的狀語，也可以在句中做結果，原因等狀語。

　　1. 做目的狀語。 I'm saving up money to buy a computer.

　　To save the child, he lost his life.

　　有時為了強調或突出這種目的， 也可以用in order (not) to do 或者so as (not) to do 結構，區別是so as to do 不能放在句首。I'll write down the telephone number so as not to forget it.

　　此外，一定要注意不定式做目的狀語時不能位于逗號后。

　　高考鏈接：

　　1.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.

　　A．in order to have received

　　B．in order to receive

　　C．so as to be received

　　D．so as to be receiving

　　____ the project as planned, we'll have to work two more hours a day.

　　Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete

　　做結果狀語，常用于下列句型

　　so ........ as to do

　　Would you be so kind as to lent me your cellphone?

　　such .... as to do

　　We are not such fools as to believe him.

　　enough ........to do

　　He didn't run fast enough to catch the train,

　　only to do

　　He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own foot.

　　too .... to do

　　His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.

　　其中 too....to結構中的形容詞如果是eager,happy,pleased,ready等，動詞不定式不表示結果，也沒有否定意思。 I am too pleased to help you.

　　高考鏈接 He hurried to the booking office only_________that all the tickets had been sold out.? A.to tell??????????? B.to be told?????????? C.telling????????????? D.told?????????

　　不定式做獨立成分，在句中做插入語。如：

　　to tell you the truth__________

　　to begin with

　　__________

　　to be frank _______

　　to be honest ____________

　　to conclude___________

　　其他說明

　　如果不定式所表示的動作（狀態）發生在主要謂語動作之前，那么不定式就要用其完成式。to have done. 常見的一個句型是sb./sth. is said/ reported/believed/supposed/considered + to have doneShe feels relaxed to have finished writing her thesis before the deadline.

　　The Vikings are believed to have discovered America.

　　You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.

　　高考鏈接： .Robert is said____abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in.(NMET99)

　　A to have studied

　　B.to study

　　C.

　　made

　　D. to make

　　2. 如果主要謂語動作（情況）發生時，不定式所表示的動作正在發生，那么不定式就要用其進行式。例如： When you called me last night, I happened to be working on the computer.

　　1.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town.

　　A. this????B. that????????????? ?C. one????????????? ?D. it

　　2.Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one??______． A．blamed??????? B．blaming???? C．to blame? D. to be blamed.If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again.

　　A. gets????B. got???????????? ?C. to get????? ??D. getting 4.As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _____.

　　A. to use????B. to be used???????? ?C. to have used????? ?D. to be using 5._____with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time. ??? A.Faced? B.Face? C.Facing? D.To face 6.He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets has been sold out.（ ?A. to be told???B. to tell???C. told????D. telling 7.AIDS is said ______ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.

　　A. that it is???????? B. to be?????? C. that it has been?? D. to have been

　　8.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.

　　A. have been missing?? B. have got lost?? C. be missing?? D. get lost 9.To a room above the store, where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table.

　　???????A. was to be held???? ?B. has been held???? C. will be held??????? ?D. is being held 10. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister.

　　—_______________ her this weekend? [2007 全國卷I]

　　A. Why not visit

　　B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting

　　D. Why don’t visit