Unit 2　Sporting events【1】allow vt.允許，準許

　　allow (doing) sth. 允許(做)某事

　　We don't allow eating in the classroom.

　　(我們)不允許在教室吃飯。

　　allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事

　　My parents don't allow me to stay up late at night.

　　我父母不允許我晚上熬夜。

　　allow sb. sth. 給予某人某物(尤指錢或時間)；讓某人有(擁有或帶有)某物

　　I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now.

　　如果你現在付款，我可以給你打9折。

　　allow for 考慮到，把……考慮進來，體諒

　　We should allow for every possible delay.

　　我們應該考慮到任何可能的延誤。

　　allowance n. 津貼，補貼

　　Do you get an allowance for clothing?

　　你有服裝補貼嗎？

　　We don't allow ______ here, but we allow them ______ there.

　　A. parking; to park

　　B. to park; parking

　　C. to park; to park

　　D. parking; parking

　　【答案】A

　　【2】 honour (美honor) v. 尊敬，給予榮譽 n. 榮譽(不可數)；光榮

　　The young should honour the aged.

　　年輕人應該尊敬長者。

　　It is an honour to have dinner with you.

　　與你一起吃飯是我的榮幸。

　　in honour of 向……表示敬意，紀念……

　　In honour of her motherland, she named it “Polonium”．

　　為了表達對祖國的敬意，她給它命名為“釙”。

　　①Washington, a state in the United States，was named ______ one of the greatest American presidents.

　　A. in honor of

　　B. instead of

　　C. in favor of

　　D. by means of

　　②學生應該尊敬老師。

　　_____________________________________________

　　③I feel honoured to have been asked to speak here.

　　_____________________________________________

　　①A

　　②The students should show their honour to their teachers.

　　③應邀在這里講話我深感榮幸。

　　【3】 light (lit, lit/lighted, lighted) vt. 點火，點燃 n．光，光亮；燈，燈光 adj.明亮的；輕的；淺色的

　　We lit the candle and the candle lit the room.

　　我們點著了蠟燭，蠟燭照亮了房間。

　　His eyes lit up when she walked into the room.

　　看到她走進房間，他兩眼一亮。

　　a light blue sky 淡藍色的天空

　　The basket is very light; I can easily pick it up.

　　籃子很輕，我可以很容易地拿起來。

　　The team consists of four Europeans and two Americans.

　　這支隊伍由4名歐洲人和2名美國人組成。

　　For her, happiness consists in watching television and reading magazines.

　　對她而言，幸福在于看看電視和讀讀雜志。

　　Theory should consist with practice.

　　理論應當與實踐相一致。

　　【注意】lighted與lit的差異，lighted可以作定語，而lit不可以作定語。

　　　a lighted candle (正)

　　　a lit candle (誤)

　　　一根燃著的蠟燭

　　【拓展】lightning n. 閃電

　　come to light 被曝光，眾所周知

　　in the light of 根據，當作

　　give light to 解釋

　　He came in, ________________ in his hand.

　　他走進來，手里拿著一盞點亮的燈。

　　with a lighted lamp

　　【4】 competevi. 競賽；比賽

　　Will you compete in the race?

　　你會參加這個比賽嗎？

　　The two teams are competing for the championship.

　　這兩個隊在爭奪冠軍。

　　compete against sb. 與某人競賽

　　competition n. 比賽，競賽

　　competence n. 能力，勝任

　　①Several companies ________________________.

　　為得到那項合同，幾家公司正在競爭。

　　②______________________ on price.

　　我們在價格上無法與他們抗爭。

　　③He's hoping ________________ the London marathon.

　　他期盼著參加倫敦馬拉松比賽。

　　①are competing for the contract　

　　②We can‘t compete with them　

　　③to compete in

　　【5】 involve v. 參與，牽涉

　　The scheme involves computers.

　　這一方案離不開計算機。

　　involve sb. in doing sth. 使某人參與某活動

　　Don't involve me in solving your problem.

　　你解決你的問題，別把我拉進去。

　　involve sb./sth. in sth. 使某人/某物陷入(困境)

　　involve sb. in expense/a lot of trouble 使某人破費/使某人招惹許多麻煩

　　be deeply involved in debt 債臺高筑

　　be involved in the scandal 被卷入丑聞中

　　Most people don't realize the amount of effort that is ______ in writing novel.

　　A. involved

　　B. involving

　　C. contained

　　D. called

　　A　全句的意思是“大多數人沒有認識到寫小說所要付出的大量努力”，故用be involved in結構。contain表示“……(物質中)含有……(成分)”。

　　【6】 attempt vt. & n. 嘗試，企圖

　　My first attempt at a chocolate cake tasted horrible.

　　我首次嘗試做的巧克力蛋糕難吃極了。

　　I attempted walking along the rope.

　　我試圖沿著繩索走。

　　in an/one's attempt to 力圖，試圖

　　a maiden attempt 初次嘗試

　　①Will you at least ________________________？

　　請你至少嘗試著微笑一下好嗎？

　　②He __________________ but was stopped.

　　他企圖離開，但是被阻止了。

　　①make an attempt to smile　

　　②attempted to leave

　　【7】 recognise(美recognize)vt. 認出，承認，意識到

　　He recognized me at once when we met yesterday.

　　當我們昨天見面時，他立刻認出我來了。

　　They don't recognize him as their student.

　　他們不承認他是他們的學生。

　　I didn't recognize that he was right until he explained it again.

　　直到他再解釋后，我才意識到他是對的。

　　①____________________________ he came in the room.

　　他一進屋我就認出了他。

　　②____________________________ to take the problem seriously.

　　他們承認需要嚴肅對待這個問題。

　　③______________________ the task was not straight forward.

　　我們意識到這個任務并非輕而易舉。

　　①I recognized him as soon as　

　　②They recognized the need　

　　③We recognized that

　　【8】辨析divide, separate

　　(1) divide 指把整體“劃分”成若干份，常與into搭配。

　　The island is divided into two parts.

　　這個島嶼被分成兩部分。

　　be divided into halves/be divided in half 分成兩份

　　divide up分配

　　divide among/between 在……之間分配

　　be divided by 被……除

　　(2) separate 把原來連在一起或靠近的“分隔開來”，常與from搭配。

　　Separate the boys who are fighting.

　　把打架的男孩子們分開。

　　Physiographically (從地形上)the United States may be ______ three major divisions (區)．

　　A. divided from

　　B. divided into

　　C. separated from

　　D. separated into

　　B

　　【9】 otherwise adv. 另樣；否則，要不然(相當于or)

　　You obviously think otherwise.

　　顯然你的想法與眾不同。

　　He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.

　　他提醒了我，要不然我就把這事給忘了。

　　We must run, otherwise we will be late.

　　我們必須跑，否則我們將會遲到。

　　Do as you are told, otherwise you will be in trouble.

　　叫你怎么做你就怎么做，否則就有麻煩了。

　　①You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder, ______ you won't pass the course.

　　A. and

　　B. so

　　C. but

　　D. or

　　②Thanks for your kind help! We would have ______ lost the game! (2010安徽兩地三校聯考)

　　A. Therefore

　　B. or

　　C. otherwise

　　D. then

　　①D　考查并列連詞的用法。or用作并列連詞，意為“否則，要不然”，相當于otherwise；and意為“和，而且”；so意為“因此，所以”；but表示轉折，意為“但是”。

　　②C　本句為省略句，省略了“but for your kind help(要不是有你的好心幫忙)”。句意為：感謝你好心幫忙，否則我們就輸了比賽。

　　【10】

　　transport n. 交通運輸系統，運輸 v. 運輸，輸送

　　Transport to and from the airport is included in the price.

　　價格中包括往返機場的交通費。

　　transportation n. 運輸業

　　【注意】transport 和transportation 都可以表示“運輸”，但transportation 更多表示運輸，transport同時表示運輸工具。

　　①We common people care most for ____________________________.

　　我們普通人對衣食住行關心最多。

　　②The city is __________________ to the stadium from downtown.

　　本市現在提供從市中心到體育場的免費交通。

　　①clothing, food, shelter and transport

　　②providing free transportation

　　【1】 listen to sb. do sth. 聽某人做某事

　　The kids sat in a circle to listen to their mother tell a story.

　　孩子們坐成一圈，聽媽媽講故事。

　　listen to sb. do sth. 指聽到某人做某事，強調動作的完整性、真實性；而listen to sb. doing也指聽到某人做某事，但是強調動作的連續性、進行性。

　　I listened to him tell a joke yesterday.

　　昨天我聽見他講笑話了。(強調“我聽見了”這個事實)

　　I listened to him telling a joke yesterday.

　　昨天我聽見他正在講笑話。(強調“我聽見他正在講笑話”這個動作)

　　感官動詞see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel ＋do表示動作的完整性、真實性；＋doing表示動作的連續性、進行性。

　　She said that she felt someone ______ in the room.

　　A. to smoke

　　B. smokes

　　C. smoked

　　D. smoking

　　D

　　【2】 no matter的用法

　　(1)獨立成句，也可在句中擔當成分。

　　No matter! 不要緊！

　　No matter, I'll go there on foot.

　　沒事兒，我走路過去。

　　(2)詞組no matter用it作形式主語，真正主語位于句末。

　　It is no matter that he didn't call me.

　　他不打電話給我沒關系。

　　(3) no matter與疑問詞who, what, where, when, how, whether等連用，意為“無論，不管”，引導讓步狀語從句。

　　No matter how much I have to pay, I'll take it.

　　不管要花多少錢，我也要把它買下來。

　　No matter whether it is light or dark at that time, we've decided to leave at five o'clock in the morning.

　　不管到時候是否天亮，我們都已決定早晨5點離開。

　　no matter ＋特殊疑問詞，一般用來引導讓步狀語從句；而特殊疑問詞＋ever，可以用來引導讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句。在引導讓步狀語從句時，兩者是可以相互替換的。

　　不管是誰違法，都會受到懲罰。

　　No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.(正)

　　Whoever breaks the law, he will be punished. ＝ Anyone who/that breaks the law will be punished.(正)

　　No matter who breaks the law will be punished. (誤)

　　Whoever breaks the law will be punished. (正)

　　①不管你如何仔細，他們都維持不了很久。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　②無論什么時間，你到了那兒就給我打電話。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　①They don't last long no matter how careful you are.

　　②Call me when you get there, no matter what the time is.

　　【3】 make way for sth./give way to sth.

　　(1)被取代，被代替(沒有被動語態)

　　Several houses were demolished to make way for an office development.

　　好幾棟房子被拆除以騰出地方來建一座辦公樓。

　　(2)讓路，把職位讓給某人

　　On hearing siren from a rushing fire engine, please make way for the vehicle to pass.

　　一聽到呼嘯而來的消防車的警報聲，請讓路讓車通過。

　　I shall make way for a young man.

　　我要給一個年輕人讓出職位。

　　all the way 一路上，一直；大老遠

　　by the way 順便說一聲；在途中

　　by way of 經過，經由

　　find one's way 找到路，設法到達

　　in a way 在某種程度上；有點，有幾分

　　in no way決不

　　in the/one's way擋路

　　lead the way 領路，帶路

　　lose one's way 迷路

　　make one's way (辛苦地)前進，行走

　　no way 沒門

　　on the/one's way (to)在途中；漸趨于

　　under way (船只)航行中，(計劃)進行中

　　①She is on her way ______ a singer.

　　A. to become

　　B. becoming

　　C. in becoming

　　D. to becoming

　　②“______， please.” asked the gentleman. Then he ran through the crowd, pushing people ______.

　　A. Lead the way; out of his way

　　B. Give way; out of his way

　　C. Clear the way; in the way

　　D. Lead the way; on his way

　　①D

　　②B　give way 表示“讓路”；push sb. out of one's way表示“把某人推開”。

　　【4】 come up (植物)長出地面；(太陽)升起；被提出，被討論

　　The snowdrops are just beginning to come up.

　　雪花蓮剛剛開始長出地面。

　　The question came up at the meeting.

　　這個問題是在會議上提出來的。