定語從句

　　一、考點(diǎn)解讀

　　定語從句考查的重點(diǎn)是關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)分及“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”型的定語從句，其中對(duì)as，which，whose用法的考查也比較多。考查方式由知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的單一性向綜合性、交叉性轉(zhuǎn)變；由重點(diǎn)考查關(guān)系代詞向 “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”以及關(guān)系副詞轉(zhuǎn)變。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)尤其要注意以下兩種定語從句：1. 使用where而非“地點(diǎn)”型定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是mark, situation, case, point, scene, business等名詞而且從句缺少狀語時(shí)，要使用where表示“一種特定的……情況”或“一個(gè)特定的……場(chǎng)合”。2. “分裂”型定語從句。即運(yùn)用插入語、介詞、副詞短語等手段使先行詞遠(yuǎn)離關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，以達(dá)到增加試題難度的效果。

　　二、題例精講

　　（）1.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T- shirt，________

　　is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

　　A．this 　

　　B．that C．what　

　　D．which

　　【解析】 D　本題考查非限制性定語從句。which代表前面的整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，指特德只穿短褲和T恤衫來度周末這件事。this和that均構(gòu)成單句，逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)單句；what不是關(guān)系代詞，不引導(dǎo)定語從句。

　　（）2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　A．when

　　B．which

　　C．where

　　D．while

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。首先注意本句中的keep表示“（食物）保持不壞”，如：Finish off the pie—it won't keep.（把餡餅吃了吧——擱不住。）；其次從句的主語it指代的是Whatever is left over（剩下的任何東西），從句的全句為：Whatever is left over will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator. 先行詞為refrigerator，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故選C。

　?。ǎ?.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，________， of course, made all the others upset.

　　A．who

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。去掉干擾成分of course后，題干會(huì)更清晰。可以看出，使大家不安的是前面所說的事情，即：Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，代替前面所說的一件事情，要用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。

　?。ǎ?.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. who

　　【解析】 A　本題考查定語從句。句意：她具有給學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)一種允許他們自由交流的氛圍的天賦。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，定語從句“________allows them to communicate freely with each other”修飾先行詞atmosphere，將先行詞代入從句后為：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other.由此可知先行詞在定語從句中作主語，而且指代物，所以須用關(guān)系代詞which，故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

　?。ǎ?.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of

　　________ she

　　spoke fluently.

　　A．who

　　B．whom

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　【解析】 C　本題考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“all of ________”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾指代物的“German, French and Russian”，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，又根據(jù)that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故選C。

　　（）6. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction________ had taken more than three years.

　　A．for which

　　B．with which

　　C．of which

　　D．to which

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。句意為：她帶參觀者在博物館里到處參觀，這家博物館的建設(shè)花了三年多時(shí)間。

　　（）7.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．whose

　　D．what

　　【解析】 C　本題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。本空在定語從句中作story的定語，因此用 whose。

　?。ǎ?.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.

　　A．they

　　B．where

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　【解析】 D　本題考查定語從句。從結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，houses后面是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞在從句中作主語，因此用that引導(dǎo)。

　?。ǎ?.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

　　A．which

　　B．where

　　C．who

　　D．that

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the top of the hill，在此處指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where，選B。其余選項(xiàng)與題意不符。

　?。ǎ?0.The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

　　A．which

　　B．whose

　　C．when

　　D．where

　　【解析】 B　本題考查定語從句。此處是whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，在定語從句中作customers的定語。句意為“這個(gè)學(xué)校商店——其顧客大多是學(xué)生——因此放假就關(guān)門了?！?/p>

　?。ǎ?1. The days are gone___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．which

　　【解析】 A　考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。解題時(shí)要注意，關(guān)系詞和先行詞被are gone隔離。引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，代替表示時(shí)間的先行詞the days，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，所以要用關(guān)系副詞when。句意為：全靠體力謀生的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。

　　（）12.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of

　　________uses it somewhat differently.

　　A．which

　　B．what

　　C．them

　　D．those

　　【解析】 A　考查定語從句。本句中的先行詞是several diverse cultures，在從句中作of的賓語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。

　?。ǎ?3.A bank is the place________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．there

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。本句中的先行詞是the place，先行詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where。

　　三、模擬試題

　?。ǎ?.The small town is just the one you know ____

　　I used to work when I was young.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．where

　　【解析】 D　考查定語從句。分析語境邏輯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞the one在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，因此該空應(yīng)填where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。做題時(shí)應(yīng)注意先行詞與定語從句之間出現(xiàn)的插入語you know。

　　（）2.The hardships of my early life constantly remind me to provide the best environment for my son，________， I have to admit, may result in a little spoiling（溺愛）.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．who

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句。I have to admit作插入語， which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句， 充當(dāng)從句的主語， 代指前面句子的內(nèi)容。由此可以排除其他選項(xiàng)。

　?。ǎ?.As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen

　　________

　　we have to hire graduating college students for help.

　　A．that

　　B．when

　　C．where

　　D．As

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。把從句補(bǔ)充完整：We have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation，可以看出，先行詞為the situation在從句中作狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where，因此答案為C。

　?。ǎ?.As soon as you get home from school, think about the order

　　________

　　you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each one.

　　A．of which

　　B．in which

　　C．through which

　　D．a(chǎn)t which

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句。此題從搭配入手，in…order意為“按照……順序”，此題即可迎刃而解。

　?。ǎ?.—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.

　　—Oh, you must have had the case________ you were mistaken for your sister.

　　A．which

　　B．whose

　　C．where

　　D．whom

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。語意表示“你肯定有過你被誤認(rèn)為是你姐姐的情況”。where you were taken for your sister是定語從句，修飾先行詞the ease，表示的是抽象地點(diǎn)，where可用in which替換。

　?。ǎ?.—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.

　　A．what

　　B．a(chǎn)s

　　C．who

　　D．which

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。根據(jù)句法，這是個(gè)分隔式定語從句，從句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主語，先行詞“All the storytellers”指人，所以用關(guān)系代詞who或that，且不能省略。

　?。ǎ?.We stayed in a quiet hotel, ________.

　　A．next to it was a thick wood

　　B．next to which was a thick wood

　　C．next to it there was a thick wood

　　D．next to which a thick wood was

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句和倒裝。句意：我們居住在一個(gè)安靜的旅館，旅館附近是一片茂密的樹林。后半句是定語從句，句中的which代指hotel，從句用倒裝。

　?。ǎ?.The beautiful village，________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.

　　A．what

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．where

　　【解析】 D　考查定語從句。先行詞the beautiful village表地點(diǎn)，定語從句we spent our holiday last month中缺少狀語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。

　?。ǎ?.We hope the measures to control house prices, ________ are taken by the

　　government, will succeed.

　　A．which

　　B．that

　　C．what

　　D．a(chǎn)s

　　【解析】 A　考查定語從句。which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 the measures, which 在從句中作主語。

　　定語從句

　　一、考點(diǎn)解讀

　　定語從句考查的重點(diǎn)是關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)分及“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”型的定語從句，其中對(duì)as，which，whose用法的考查也比較多?？疾榉绞接芍R(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的單一性向綜合性、交叉性轉(zhuǎn)變；由重點(diǎn)考查關(guān)系代詞向 “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”以及關(guān)系副詞轉(zhuǎn)變。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)尤其要注意以下兩種定語從句：1. 使用where而非“地點(diǎn)”型定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是mark, situation, case, point, scene, business等名詞而且從句缺少狀語時(shí)，要使用where表示“一種特定的……情況”或“一個(gè)特定的……場(chǎng)合”。2. “分裂”型定語從句。即運(yùn)用插入語、介詞、副詞短語等手段使先行詞遠(yuǎn)離關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，以達(dá)到增加試題難度的效果。

　　二、題例精講

　　（）1.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T- shirt，________

　　is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

　　A．this 　

　　B．that C．what　

　　D．which

　　【解析】 D　本題考查非限制性定語從句。which代表前面的整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，指特德只穿短褲和T恤衫來度周末這件事。this和that均構(gòu)成單句，逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)單句；what不是關(guān)系代詞，不引導(dǎo)定語從句。

　　（）2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　A．when

　　B．which

　　C．where

　　D．while

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。首先注意本句中的keep表示“（食物）保持不壞”，如：Finish off the pie—it won't keep.（把餡餅吃了吧——擱不住。）；其次從句的主語it指代的是Whatever is left over（剩下的任何東西），從句的全句為：Whatever is left over will keep for two or three weeks in the refrigerator. 先行詞為refrigerator，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故選C。

　?。ǎ?.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，________， of course, made all the others upset.

　　A．who

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。去掉干擾成分of course后，題干會(huì)更清晰。可以看出，使大家不安的是前面所說的事情，即：Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，代替前面所說的一件事情，要用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。

　?。ǎ?.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. who

　　【解析】 A　本題考查定語從句。句意：她具有給學(xué)生創(chuàng)設(shè)一種允許他們自由交流的氛圍的天賦。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，定語從句“________allows them to communicate freely with each other”修飾先行詞atmosphere，將先行詞代入從句后為：The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other.由此可知先行詞在定語從句中作主語，而且指代物，所以須用關(guān)系代詞which，故正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

　　（）5.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of

　　________ she

　　spoke fluently.

　　A．who

　　B．whom

　　C．which

　　D．that

　　【解析】 C　本題考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“all of ________”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾指代物的“German, French and Russian”，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，又根據(jù)that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故選C。

　　（）6. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction________ had taken more than three years.

　　A．for which

　　B．with which

　　C．of which

　　D．to which

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。句意為：她帶參觀者在博物館里到處參觀，這家博物館的建設(shè)花了三年多時(shí)間。

　　（）7.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．whose

　　D．what

　　【解析】 C　本題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。本空在定語從句中作story的定語，因此用 whose。

　?。ǎ?.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.

　　A．they

　　B．where

　　C．what

　　D．that

　　【解析】 D　本題考查定語從句。從結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，houses后面是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞在從句中作主語，因此用that引導(dǎo)。

　?。ǎ?.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ________we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

　　A．which

　　B．where

　　C．who

　　D．that

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the top of the hill，在此處指地點(diǎn)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where，選B。其余選項(xiàng)與題意不符。

　　（）10.The school shop, ________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.

　　A．which

　　B．whose

　　C．when

　　D．where

　　【解析】 B　本題考查定語從句。此處是whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，在定語從句中作customers的定語。句意為“這個(gè)學(xué)校商店——其顧客大多是學(xué)生——因此放假就關(guān)門了。”

　?。ǎ?1. The days are gone___ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．which

　　【解析】 A　考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。解題時(shí)要注意，關(guān)系詞和先行詞被are gone隔離。引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句，代替表示時(shí)間的先行詞the days，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，所以要用關(guān)系副詞when。句意為：全靠體力謀生的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。

　?。ǎ?2.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of

　　________uses it somewhat differently.

　　A．which

　　B．what

　　C．them

　　D．those

　　【解析】 A　考查定語從句。本句中的先行詞是several diverse cultures，在從句中作of的賓語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。

　?。ǎ?3.A bank is the place________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

　　A．when

　　B．that

　　C．where

　　D．there

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。本句中的先行詞是the place，先行詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where。

　　三、模擬試題

　?。ǎ?.The small town is just the one you know ____

　　I used to work when I was young.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．where

　　【解析】 D　考查定語從句。分析語境邏輯和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞the one在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，因此該空應(yīng)填where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。做題時(shí)應(yīng)注意先行詞與定語從句之間出現(xiàn)的插入語you know。

　?。ǎ?.The hardships of my early life constantly remind me to provide the best environment for my son，________， I have to admit, may result in a little spoiling（溺愛）.

　　A．that

　　B．which

　　C．what

　　D．who

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句。I have to admit作插入語， which在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句， 充當(dāng)從句的主語， 代指前面句子的內(nèi)容。由此可以排除其他選項(xiàng)。

　　（）3.As a result of our serious staff shortages, the situation has risen

　　________

　　we have to hire graduating college students for help.

　　A．that

　　B．when

　　C．where

　　D．As

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。把從句補(bǔ)充完整：We have to hire graduating college students for help in the situation，可以看出，先行詞為the situation在從句中作狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where，因此答案為C。

　?。ǎ?.As soon as you get home from school, think about the order

　　________

　　you will do homework and how much time you will spend on each one.

　　A．of which

　　B．in which

　　C．through which

　　D．a(chǎn)t which

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句。此題從搭配入手，in…order意為“按照……順序”，此題即可迎刃而解。

　?。ǎ?.—Believe it or not, my sister and I are twins.

　　—Oh, you must have had the case________ you were mistaken for your sister.

　　A．which

　　B．whose

　　C．where

　　D．whom

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。語意表示“你肯定有過你被誤認(rèn)為是你姐姐的情況”。where you were taken for your sister是定語從句，修飾先行詞the ease，表示的是抽象地點(diǎn)，where可用in which替換。

　?。ǎ?.—What does the notice say? —All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.

　　A．what

　　B．a(chǎn)s

　　C．who

　　D．which

　　【解析】 C　考查定語從句。根據(jù)句法，這是個(gè)分隔式定語從句，從句“________won the first three prizes”缺少主語，先行詞“All the storytellers”指人，所以用關(guān)系代詞who或that，且不能省略。

　　（）7.We stayed in a quiet hotel, ________.

　　A．next to it was a thick wood

　　B．next to which was a thick wood

　　C．next to it there was a thick wood

　　D．next to which a thick wood was

　　【解析】 B　考查定語從句和倒裝。句意：我們居住在一個(gè)安靜的旅館，旅館附近是一片茂密的樹林。后半句是定語從句，句中的which代指hotel，從句用倒裝。

　?。ǎ?.The beautiful village，________ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.

　　A．what

　　B．that

　　C．which

　　D．where

　　【解析】 D　考查定語從句。先行詞the beautiful village表地點(diǎn)，定語從句we spent our holiday last month中缺少狀語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。

　?。ǎ?.We hope the measures to control house prices, ________ are taken by the

　　government, will succeed.

　　A．which

　　B．that

　　C．what

　　D．a(chǎn)s

　　【解析】 A　考查定語從句。which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 the measures, which 在從句中作主語。