第3練　完形填空＋閱讀理解

　　Ⅰ.完形填空

　　體裁：夾敘夾議　話題：道德修養　詞數：286　時間：16′

　　Karen，Judy and I were the last ones back in the school room after lunch and all of the other sixth graders were already playing outside.

　　“Wow！How __1__ it would be to write on the blackboard while everyone is __2__，” Judy said.

　　“But Mrs.Eiffler doesn't want us writing on the __3__，”I responded.

　　“Janet，everyone is outside.No one will ever __4__，”said Karen，reaching into the box and drawing out a piece of __5__．Judy also began drawing.

　　I reluctantly(不情愿地) __6__ my friends，but was afraid of being __7__．Then Judy had an idea.“We're all right-handed.Let's see who can write their __8__ best using their left hand.”

　　Judy and Karen started writing.I chose a piece of white chalk from the box and wrote my name.

　　“We'd better get this board cleaned off __9__ Mrs.Eiffler comes back，”said Judy，eying the clock.She picked up a(n) __10__ and began removing our names from the board.__11__ came off，but my name!

　　I __12__ looked at the white chalk I used and found it wasn't chalk at all，but a white crayon(蠟筆)！My knees felt __13__．Hurriedly，we tried many ways，but my name still __14__．At last，Karen got a knife and scraped it.It __15__ finally，but we left an abrasion(磨損處) on the blackboard.

　　As the bell rang，the teacher walked in soon.

　　Mrs.Eiffler never asked about the abrasion and maybe never __16__ it.But I did.Every time I walked past the blackboard，I __17__．

　　Although over forty years have passed since the event，I __18__ remember the lesson.“No one will ever know” is never __19__．Even if no one else found out，I myself knew.Sometimes living with a __20__ conscience is punishment enough.

　　【語篇解讀】　做虧心事時不要以為別人不知道，因為即使別人不知道你也會遭到良心的譴責。

　　1．A.useful

　　B．fun

　　C．stupid

　　D．necessary

　　答案　B　[當大家都在外面的時候在黑板上寫字該是多么有趣的(fun)事啊

　　2．A.asleep

　　B．inside

　　C．outside

　　D．present

　　答案　C　[根據文章第一句中的“and all of the other sixth graders were already playing outside”可知，此處表示其他人都在外面(outside)。]

　　3．A.blackboard

　　B．book

　　C．desk

　　D．floor

　　答案　A　[根據上文中的“write on the blackboard”可知，此處填blackboard。]

　　4．A.exist

　　B．know

　　C．laugh

　　D．refuse

　　答案　B　[根據文章最后一段中的“No one will ever know”可知，此處填know。]

　　5．A.cloth

　　B．wood

　　C．paper

　　D．chalk

　　答案　D　[她們在黑板上寫字，應該是抽出一支粉筆(chalk)。]

　　6．A.invited

　　B．welcomed

　　C．guided

　　D．joined

　　答案　D　[聯系下文可知，作者勉強加入(joined)到朋友們中，但是心里卻很害怕被抓住(caught)。]

　　7．A.followed

　　B．praised

　　C．caught

　　D．affected

　　答案　C　[參見上題解析。]

　　8．A.address

　　B．class

　　C．name

　　D．dream

　　答案　C　[Judy有了個主意：“我們都習慣用右手，讓我們看看誰能用左手將自己的名字(name)寫得最棒。”下一段中的“I chose a piece of white chalk...my name”也是提示。]

　　9．A.until

　　B．before

　　C．after

　　D．since

　　答案　B　[Judy說：“我們最好在Eiffler夫人回來之前(before)把黑板擦干凈。”]

　　10．A.bucket

　　B．knife

　　C．eraser

　　D．box

　　答案　C　[根據后半句中的“removing”可知，她拿起了一塊黑板擦(eraser)。]

　　11．A.Nothing

　　B．Everything

　　C．Anything

　　D．Something

　　答案　B　[所有的東西(Everything)都被擦掉了，除了作者的名字！]

　　12．A.proudly

　　B．hopefully

　　C．hardly

　　D．carefully

　　答案　D　[作者仔細地(carefully)觀察她用過的白色粉筆，發現她拿的根本不是粉筆。]

　　13．A.weak

　　B．smooth

　　C．injured

　　D．bare

　　答案　A　[作者發現她拿的根本不是粉筆，而是一支白色的蠟筆！見此情形，作者的膝蓋發軟了。weak“軟弱無力的”。]

　　14．A.changed

　　B．remained

　　C．hid

　　D．lost

　　答案　B　[她們試了很多方法，但是作者的名字仍然存在(remained)。]

　　15．A.broke down

　　B．took off

　　C．came off

　　D．slowed down

　　答案　C　[作者的名字最終被去掉(came off)了，上文中的“__11__ came off”也是提示。]

　　16.A.accepted

　　B．noticed

　　C．tolerated

　　D．used

　　答案　B　[Eiffler夫人從未問過黑板上那塊磨損的地方是怎么回事，可能她從未注意到(noticed)它。]

　　17．A.agreed

　　B．hurried

　　C．failed

　　D．remembered

　　答案　D　[聯系前一句可知，作者每次經過黑板的時候，都會回想起(remembered)那件事。]

　　18．A.still

　　B．hardly

　　C．never

　　D．sometimes

　　答案　A　[此句句首的Although表示轉折關系，因此這里表示作者仍然(still)記得這個教訓。]

　　19．A.true

　　B．typical

　　C．important

　　D．different

　　答案　A　[“沒有人會知道”是絕對不正確的(true)。]

　　20．A.clear

　　B．social

　　C．guilty

　　D．good

　　答案　C　[有時候問心無愧(guilty)就已經是足夠的懲罰了。]

　　Ⅱ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　體裁：科普文　話題：健康生活　詞數：350　時間：6′

　　Sleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of gaining weight，a study shows.A team at the Institute of Cancer Research in London found women had larger waistlines if their bedroom was

　　“light enough to see across” at night.However，they say there is not enough evidence to advise people to buy thicker curtains or turn off lights.

　　The women were asked to rate the amount of light in their bedrooms at night as：Light enough to read.Light enough to see across the room，but not read.Light enough to see your hand in front of you，but not across the room.Too dark to see your hand or you wear a mask.Their answers were compared to several measures (程度) of obesity.These measures were all higher in women with lighter rooms.

　　Prof Anthony Swerdlow of the Institute of Cancer Research told the BBC：“In this very large group of people there is an association between reported light exposure at night and overweight and obesity.But there is not enough evidence to know if making your room darker would make any difference to your weight.There might be other explanations for the association，but the findings are interesting enough to guarantee further scientific investigation.”

　　The light is disrupting (干擾) the body clock，which comes from our evolutionary (進化的) past when we were active when it was light in the day and resting when it was dark at night.Light changes moods，physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24-hour cycle.

　　Prof Derk-Jan Dijk，from the Surrey Sleep Centre，said there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker.He told the BBC：“People in general are not aware of the light present in their bedroom，I think people should assess their bedroom and see how easy it would be to make it darker.” “Overall this study points to the importance of darkness，” he concluded.

　　【語篇解讀】　明亮的臥室與肥胖有關系。

　　21．What does the passage mainly talk about?

　　A．People should buy thicker curtains.

　　B．Light bedrooms are linked to obesity.

　　C．People should turn off lights.

　　D．Dark bedrooms are linked to obesity.

　　答案　B　[主旨大意題。根據全文內容尤其是第一段“Sleeping in a room with too much light has been linked to an increased risk of gaining weight，a study shows.”可知，本文主要講述的是在光線太強的房間睡覺會有增加肥胖的風險。]

　　22．What will make the researchers go on their scientific investigation?

　　A．Light exposure.

　　B．The interesting findings.

　　C．More people with obesity.

　　D．Darker bedrooms' effect.

　　答案　B　[細節理解題。根據第三段內容可知，對于很多人來說，夜間曝光與超重以及肥胖有關，但沒有足夠的證據表明，如果將房間燈光調暗，體重會有變化。但是這個發現很有趣，足以促使進一步的科學研究。]

　　23．The author writes the fourth paragraph in order to show ________．

　　A．man-made light can disrupt the body clock

　　B．man-made light is a product of evolution

　　C．the body clock won't be disrupted by anything

　　D．the body clock can change our mood and physical strength

　　答案　A　[細節理解題。根據第四段內容可知，作者寫本段是為了說明人造光會干擾生物鐘。]

　　24．What's Prof Derk-Jan Dijk's attitude towards the dark room?

　　A．Negative.

　　B．Doubtful.

　　C．Favorable.

　　D．Unclear.

　　答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容可知，德克·簡·迪克教授稱，將臥室的光線調暗沒有壞處，并且這個研究總體指明黑暗的重要性。由此推斷，德克·簡·迪克教授對黑暗的臥室持贊成態度。]

　　B

　　體裁：議論文　話題：726　時間：8′

　　Is gun play good or bad for children？For many years I emphasized its harmlessness.When concerned parents expressed doubt about letting their children have toy guns，because they didn't want to encourage them in the slightest degree to become criminals，I would explain how little connection there was.In the course of growing up，children have a natural tendency to bring their aggressiveness more and more under control if their parents encourage this．One-to-two-year-olds，when they are angry with another child，may bite the child's arm without hesitation.But by 3 or 4 they have already learned that aggression is not right.However，they may pretend to shoot their mother or father，but smiling to assure them that the gun and the aggressive behaviour aren't to be taken seriously.

　　In the 6-to-12-year-old period，children will play an earnest game of war，but it has lots of rules.There may be arguments，but real fights are relatively rare.At this agechildren don't shoot at their mother or father，even in fun.It's not that the parents have turned stricter; the children's own conscience has.In adolescence aggressive feelings become much stronger，but well brought-up children can turn them into athletics and other competition or into kidding their friends.

　　In other words，I'd explain that playing at war is a natural step in the disciplining of the aggression of young children; that a cautious parent doesn't really need to worry about producing a criminal.

　　But nowadays I'd give parents much more encouragement to guide their child away from violence.A number of incidents have convinced me of the importance of this.

　　One of the first things that made me change my mind，several years ago，was an observation that an experienced nursery school teacher told me about.Her children were hitting each other much more than previously，without reason.When she talked to them，they would protest，“But that's what the Three Stooges do.” (This was a children's TV program full of violence which immediately became very popular.)

　　What further shocked me into reconsidering my view was the assassination(暗殺) of the former President，and the fact that some schoolchildren cheered about this.(I didn't so much blame the children as I blamed the kind of parents who will say about a President they dislike，“I'd shoot him if I got the chance！”)

　　These incidents made me think of other evidence that Americans often tolerate lawlessness and violence.We were hard on the Indians and the later waves of immigrants.At times we denied justice to groups with different religions or political views.And now a great percentage of our adult as well as our child population has been endlessly fascinated with dramas of Western violence and with cruel crime stories，in movies and on television.This doesn't necessarily mean that we Americans on the average have more aggressiveness inside us than the people of other nations.I think rather that the aggressiveness we have is less controlled，from childhood on.

　　To me it seems very clear that in order to have a more stable and civilized national life we must bring up the next generation of Americans with a greater respect for law and for other people's rights than in the past.There are many ways in which we could and should teach these attitudes.One simple opportunity we could seize in the first half of childhood is to show our disapproval of lawlessness and violence in television programs and in children's gun play.

　　I also believe that the survival of the world now depends on a much greater awareness of the need to avoid war and to actively seek peaceful agreements.There are enough nuclear arms to completely destroy all civilization.This terrifying situation demands a much greater stability and self-control on the part of national leaders and citizens than they have ever shown in the past.We owe it to our children to prepare them deliberately for this awesome responsibility.

　　【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。主要討論了孩子們該不該玩玩具槍，并規勸人們尊重孩子、尊重法律，減少孩子的暴力性。

　　25．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refers to________．

　　A．controlling their aggressiveness

　　B．playing with toy guns

　　C．aggressive behaviour

　　D．the course of growing up

　　答A　[細節理解題。根據文中該句話中的their

　　aggressiveness more and more under control可知選A。]

　　26．Based on the author's view about the relationship between children's aggressiveness and their age，which of the following is true?

　　A．A 2-year-old boy knows that it is not correct to behave aggressively.

　　B．The older children become，the less aggressive they will be.

　　C．6-to 12-year-olds enjoy war games but develop them into argument and serious fights.

　　D．Adolescents' aggressiveness is often displayed in the form of competition.

　　答案　D　[細節理解題。根據文中第一段的One-to-two-year-olds，when they are angry with another child，may bite the child's arm without hesitation 排除A；第二段的In the 6-to-12-year-old period，children will play an earnest game of war，but it has lots of rules排除C；第二段At this age children don't shoot at their mother or father，even in fun 排除B；第二段In adolescence aggressive feelings become much stronger，but well brought-up children can turn them into athletics and other competition or into kidding their friends 可知成年人的暴力總是通過競爭的方式傳遞給孩子。故選D。]