四川瀘縣2024高考英語閱讀理解一輪基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)6

　　閱讀理解 (2024·北京市朝陽區(qū)第一學(xué)期期末統(tǒng)一考試)

　　Mr Peter Johnson，aged twenty-three，battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water.He took the only escape route—through the boot.

　　Mr Johnson’s car had ended up in a ditch (溝渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.“Fortunately，the water began to come in only slowly，” Mr Johnson said.“I couldn’t force the doors open because they were jammed against the wails of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”

　　Mr Johnson，a sweet salesman of Sitting Home，Kent，first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn (笛) and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.

　　Later he said，“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot.I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear，but no help came.”

　　It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat，and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot.Then Mr Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work on the boot

　　lock.Fifteen minutes passed by.“It was the only chance I had.Finally_it_gave，but as soon as I moved the boot lid，the water and mud poured in.I forced the lid down into the mud and climbed

　　up clear as the car filled up.”

　　His hands and arms cut and bruised，Mr Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby.Huddled in a

　　blanket，he said，“That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were

　　visible，police said last night.The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the

　　ditch.

　　1．Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr Johnson?

　　A．The hammer.B．The coin.

　　C．The seat.D．The horn.

　　2．We know from the passage that________.

　　A．Mr Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down

　　B．Mr Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road

　　C．Mr Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat

　　D．Mr

　　Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam

　　3．“Finally it gave” in Paragraph 5 means that________.

　　A．a(chǎn)t last the wrench went broken

　　B．the chance was lost at the last minute

　　C．the lock came open after all his efforts

　　D．luckily the door was torn away in the end

　　4．What is the best title for this newspaper article?

　　A．Driver Escapes through Car Boot

　　B．The Story of Mr Johnson，a Sweet Salesman

　　C．The Driver Survived a Terrible Car Accident

　　D．Car Boot Can Serve as the Best Escape Route

　　【參考答案】閱讀理解

　　語篇解讀　本文是一篇資訊報道。文章主要講述了Mr Johnson在自己的車意外墜入三英尺深的溝渠后如何自救逃生的故事。

　　1．解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Mr Johnson所說的話“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was the only coin I had in my pocket”可知，是一枚硬幣(coin)救了他的命，硬幣對他極其重要。

　　答案：　B2．解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Mr Johnson’s car had ended up in a ditch (溝渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.”可推知，可能是由于路滑導(dǎo)致了這起事故。

　　答案：　B

　　3．解析：　句意理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Then Mr Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work on the boot

　　lock.”可知，文中畫線的it指的是“the boot lock”，此處指他打開了鎖。

　　答案：　C

　　4．解析：　標(biāo)題概括題。根據(jù)對文章的整體理解和第一段的概述可知，本文主要講的是一位司機在意外墜入三英尺深的溝渠后如何自救逃生的故事，故選A項。

　　答案：　A

　　(2011天津十二區(qū)縣重點學(xué)校畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考)I can’t remember a winter being as cold as this in Pennsylvania,but I’m sure there were colder days.

　　Even though the daylight hours are growing longer minute by minute,it’s easy to find an excuse not to go out unless you absolutely must,but then again I often have to push myself to accomplish things.

　　People I speak to have been in all kinds of nasty moods.They say they’re “under the weather”,not feeling good about this time of year.

　　As I stood outside with my two dogs yesterday,it was so cold that my nose and face felt frozen and my ears were stinging.

　　Of course,that doesn’t matter to Ricky and Lucy.They have a routine they must go through to find just the fighting spot no matter how cold or hot it is.

　　So I wait.

　　But this time it was different.As cold it was,I suddenly was excited thinking about how wonderful this extreme cold really was.

　　Then the sun broke through the clouds and memories of summer’s extremely hot days flashed through my mind.I could remember standing in the heat of the afternoon,with sweat pouring down my brow and the hot,burning sun against my face.I reminded myself then and there that in the cold of the winter I would wish I had this heat.

　　I was grateful for them.Without the extremes in my life,I would never appreciate the days when things were just right.Without the extremes,life would be boring.

　　It’s being pushed to one of the extremes that makes us appreciate the middle more.Health challenges remind us that we need to pay more attention to how we live.Financial extremes remind us that when things go smoothly it’s also time to save for rainy days.

　　I’ve come to the conclusion that all too often I find a reason not to be happy with where I am at that moment.

　　Whether it’s hot or cold,good health or bad,in the money or out of it,I always wanted it to be different.

　　I’m tired of being “Under the Weather”!

　　18.What is the author’s attitude towards the extremes in life?()

　　A.Grateful. B.Critical.

　　C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.

　　19.That day the writer waited in the terrible cold because　.?

　　A.his dogs wanted to hunt

　　B.he wanted to face the cold bravely

　　C.his dogs had a routine

　　D.he wanted to be different

　　20.The underlined word “nasty” in the third paragraph can be replaced by　.?

　　A.unpleasant B.violent

　　C.favorable D.unusual

　　21.At last the author drew a conclusion that　.?

　　A.happiness cannot be gained by complaints

　　B.things will be different whatever the situation is

　　C.happiness will fail to come to you if you find a reason

　　D.he is disappointed with his present situation

　　語篇解讀:無論身在何處,我總會找一個讓自己不快樂的理由。不論是酷暑還是寒冬,健康還是疾病,富有還是貧窮,我總是想讓自己的處境有所改變。但我將不再這樣,我將為眼前的處境找一個開心的理由……

　　答案及剖析:18.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第九段可知,我為有像這樣的時候而心存感激。生活中要是沒有這樣完全不同的時光,我就不會為不冷不熱的好時光而心懷感恩。要是沒有這樣的日子,生活也許會無趣很多,故選A項。

　　19.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第五、六段提到”當(dāng)然了,對于我的兩條狗Ricky和Lucy來說,這種溫度是小意思。它們還是按照以往的方式,無論天氣有多么糟糕,只要找一個可以干上一架的地方就成。因此我靜觀其變”,故選C項。

　　20.A　詞義猜測題。由下句They say they’re “under the weather”,not feeling good about this time of year.“他們說自己‘不舒服’,一年里,一到這個時候,就渾身不自在?！笨赏茢啻鸢笧锳項。 nasty令人厭惡的,令人不悅的。

　　21.B　推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段I’ve come to the conclusion that...以及下段可知,作者對自己時常過得不愉快的原因總結(jié)出了結(jié)論:不管天氣太冷還是太熱,身體健康還是不健康,闊綽富裕還是貧窮潦倒,遇到這些情況時,總想讓處境有所改變。由此可推斷出不管處于什么樣的處境,都要為處境找一個開心的理由,那么自己的處境就會有所改變,故選B項。

　　【疑難詞匯解讀】

　　1.under the weather不舒服

　　You look a bit under the weather.

　　你看上去有點不舒服。

　　2.then and there當(dāng)時當(dāng)?shù)?當(dāng)場

　　He turned down their proposal then and there.

　　他當(dāng)場就拒絕了他們的建議。

　　【長難句子分析】

　　昨天我和我的兩只狗站在外面的時候,天是如此的冷,以至于我覺得我的鼻子和臉凍僵了,耳朵很痛。

　　2024高考英語閱讀理解（社會生活、說理議論）【2024·安徽】E

　　Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (農(nóng)村的) and urban areas within one country.

　　Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (時刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.

　　Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (興旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (預(yù)示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.

　　Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.

　　Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.

　　72. According to the passage, sharing bread______.

　　A. indicates a lack of food

　　B. can help to develop unity

　　C. is a custom unique to rural areas

　　D. has its roots in birthday celebrations

　　73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?

　　A. Trust.

　　B. Success.

　　C. Health.

　　D. Togetherness.

　　74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.

　　A. using examples

　　B. making comparisons

　　C. analyzing causes

　　D. describing processes

　　75. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. The custom of sharing food.

　　B. The specific meaning of food.

　　C. The role of food in ceremonies.

　　D. The importance of food in culture.

　　【答案】

　　72. B

　　73. B

　　74. A

　　75. D

　　【解析】

　　試題分析：文章主要講的是食物和文化的關(guān)系。不同的文化里包含著不同的飲食傳統(tǒng)和慶祝方式。食物通過兩種基本的方式在扮演著溝通的角色。

　　75. D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions”和第四段“Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate”及最后一段“food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.”可知，文章主要講的是食物在不同文化中的作用。

　　【考點定位】社會類短文閱讀

　　【名師點睛】本篇題目的設(shè)置主要考查考生對細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力和對文章大意的把握。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題，需要快速從文章中到找有用的信息。第四題是主旨大意題，考生容易誤選A項，A項太片面，它只是文章前兩段所講的內(nèi)容。

　　2024高考英語閱讀理解（社會生活、說理議論）【2024·湖南】A

　　Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger

　　We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.

　　■Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.

　　People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避讓) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.

　　The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.

　　——Michael Horan

　　■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.

　　I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.

　　The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.

　　The police do nothing. What a laugh they are!

　　The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (發(fā)熒光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.

　　——Carol Harvey

　　■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.

　　I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.

　　Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?

　　It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim.

　　——JML

　　Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.

　　56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______.

　　A. drivers should be polite to cyclists

　　B. road accidents can actually be avoided

　　C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety

　　D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes

　　57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______.

　　A. be provided with enough roads

　　B. be asked to ride on their own lanes

　　C. be made to pay less tax for cycling

　　D. be fined for laughing at policemen

　　58.What is a complaint of JML?

　　A. Very few drivers are insured.