第一部分

　　必修一

　　Module 5

　　Ⅰ.語法填空，單句訓(xùn)練

　　1．(浙江高考改編)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ________ it with important points.

　　答案：conclude　考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)小組討論接近尾聲時(shí)，一定要以重點(diǎn)來結(jié)束。conclude“結(jié)束”，符合句意。

　　2．(遼寧高考改編)What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You're ________ (suppose) to be asleep.

　　答案：supposed　考查動詞短語。句意：湯姆，你不在床上，在干什么？你應(yīng)該正在睡覺。be supposed to do sth.表示“應(yīng)該做某事”，相當(dāng)于should do sth.，含有“本應(yīng)該做某事，但事實(shí)上沒做”之意，符合題意。

　　3．(2024·濰坊模擬改編)The College Entrance Examination is around the corner, but we should keep a ________ between study and relaxation.

　　答案：balance　考查名詞。句意：高考即將來臨，但是我們應(yīng)該在學(xué)習(xí)和放松之間保持平衡。balance平衡，符合句意。

　　4．(2024·青島二中高三階段檢測改編)I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents' ________(react) will be to my poor examination result.

　　答案：reaction　考查名詞用法。句意：我真的有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心，因?yàn)槲也恢栏改笇ξ铱嫉眠@么差會是什么反應(yīng)。reaction“反應(yīng)”，符合句意。

　　5．(2024·佳木斯高三模擬改編)Your daughter add ________ the enjoyment of our visit.

　　答案：to　考查add短語。句意：你女兒給我們拜訪增添了快樂。add to “增加，增添”。結(jié)合句意，to正確。

　　6．There have been several new events ________(add) to the 2024 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games.

　　答案：added　考查非謂語動詞。句意：已經(jīng)有好幾個(gè)新的比賽項(xiàng)目被增加到2024年里約熱內(nèi)盧奧運(yùn)會上。events與add之間為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。

　　7．—Can you keep an eye on my bag? I need to go to the washing closet.

　　—Go ________. It'll be safe with me.

　　答案：ahead　go ahead意為“開始；進(jìn)行；干吧”；句意：“去吧。有我你就放心吧。”

　　8．—Oh, John, why haven't you handed in your essay?

　　—Sorry, sir. I know I was supposed ________(hand) it in yesterday, but I forgot.

　　答案：to have handed　be supposed to do sth.意為“應(yīng)該做某事”；be supposed to have done sth.意為“本應(yīng)該做某事(但是沒做)”。

　　9．(2024·洛陽模擬改編)In fact ________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.

　　答案：it　it作形式主語。

　　10．—Are you still smoking, Mr Wang?

　　—No, but I________(use) to.

　　答案：used　根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but判斷應(yīng)用used to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“(過去)常常做某事”，此處承接上文省略不定式to smoke，保留了不定式的標(biāo)志詞to。

　　.語法填空，篇章訓(xùn)練

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　Jim：Hello，Ted. How was the marketing meeting?

　　Ted：Hi, Jim. It couldn't be __1__(bad). I put forward some great ideas, but none of them __2__(accept)．

　　Jim：I'm surprised to hear that. I thought you had some very good suggestions. What happened at __3__meeting?

　　Ted：One or two people didn't take to my ideas very well. That was to be expected. The worst thing was __4__ the people who said the ideas were good before the meeting didn't support me.

　　Jim：I suggest __5__(revise) the suggestions to take into account any __6__(object)．

　　Ted：That's good advice, but I'm not confident that even revised proposals(方案) will be favored.

　　Jim：May I make a suggestion?

　　Ted：Sure. I'm open __7__ any reasonable suggestions.

　　Jim：Is there a chance you could contact the client(客戶) __8__(secret) and see what they think? If they like your ideas, perhaps they could put __9__forward as their own proposals. You won't get credit __10__ideas, but the client will know they were yours.

　　Ted：I'm not sure that's a good idea.

　　Jim：Go on. Take a chance. You could just hint at (暗示) your idea. The client should be smart enough to take a hint.

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　答案：1.worse　2.were accepted　3.the　4.that　5.revising　6.objections　7.to　8.secretly　9.them　10.for

　　.閱讀理解

　　A

　　Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there's no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children's curiosity (好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary (薪水) and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we're finished with your lists,_do you have questions of your own about science？”

　　After a long pause, a boy raised his hand，“Have you ever seen a grasshopper (蚱蜢)eat? When I try eating leaves like that，I get a stomachache. Why？”

　　This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.

　　Secondly，give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that，after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical (符合邏輯的), complete and creative answers.

　　Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion，don't jump in with “That's right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behaviour (行為). But in talking about science，quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That's interesting” or “I'd never thought of it that way before”，or coming up with more questions or ideas.

　　Never push a child to “think”. It doesn't make sense. Children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What's more，this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want，in as few words as possible，so that he will be a smaller target(目標(biāo))for your disagreement.

　　Lastly, show, don't tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大鏡), and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸發(fā)), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.

　　1．According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is ________.

　　A．to let them see the world around

　　B．to share the children's curiosity

　　C．to explain difficult phrases about science

　　D．to supply the children with lab equipment

　　答案：B　根據(jù)文章第一段第三句中的“share your children's curiosity”可推知答案為B項(xiàng)。

　　2．In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “l(fā)ists” could best be replaced by ________.

　　A．a(chǎn)ny questions

　　B．a(chǎn)ny problems

　　C．questions from textbooks

　　D．a(chǎn)ny number of questions

　　答案：C　根據(jù)文章第一段第六句“The children asked me ‘textbook question’．..”可推知答案為C項(xiàng)。

　　3．According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.

　　A．a(chǎn)sk them to answer quickly

　　B．wait for one or two seconds after a question

　　C．tell them to answer the next day

　　D．wait at least for three seconds after a question

　　答案：D　根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句“When adults increase their ‘wait time’ to three seconds or more, children give more logical (符合邏輯的), complete and creative answers.”可推知答案為D項(xiàng)。

　　4．In which of the following paragraph (s)does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?

　　A．The second and third.

　　B．The fourth and fifth.

　　C．The fifth and sixth.

　　D．The seventh.

　　答案：C　根據(jù)問題的內(nèi)容可在文章的第五、六段找到答案。

　　B

　　(2024·湖北重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)

　　400-year-old plants from the Little Ice Age were brought back to life, which could help us understand how the Earth will deal with climate change.

　　Moss (蘚類植物) found buried beneath the Teardrop Glacier (冰川) on Ellesmere Island in Canada has been brought back to life. Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps. Plants that were buried beneath thick ice in Canada more than 400 years ago and were thought to have frozen to death have been brought back to life by Canadian scientists.

　　Samples of the moss plant, covered by the glacier during the Little Ice Age of 1550 to 1850, were replanted in a lab at the University of Alberta and grew new stems (莖). Researchers now think these findings can give indication as to how regions can recover as the ice covering them melts.

　　Biologist Dr. Catherine La Farge and her team at the University of Alberta were exploring the region around the Teardrop Glacier on Ellesmere Island. Ice on Ellesmere Island region has been melting at around four meters each year for the past nine years. This means that many areas of land that were previously covered by ice have since been exposed. Many ecosystems that were thought to have been destroyed during the Little Ice Age between 1550 and 1850 can now be studied, including many species that have never been studied before.

　　While examining an exposed area of land, La Farge and her team discovered a small area of moss called Aulacomnium turgidum. It is a type of bryophyte (苔蘚類植物) plant that mainly grows across Canada, the U．S. and the highlands of the U．K.

　　Dr. La Farge noticed that the moss had small patches of green stems, suggesting it is either growing again or can be encouraged to repopulate. Dr. La Farge told the BBC, “When we looked at the samples in detail and brought them to the lab, I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches, suggesting that these plants were growing again, and that blew_my_mind. When we think of thick areas of ice covering the landscape, we've always thought that plants have to come from refugia (瀕絕生物保護(hù)區(qū)), never considering that land plants come from underneath a glacier. It's a whole world of what's coming out from underneath the glacier that really needs to be studied. The ice is disappearing pretty fast. We really have not examined all the biological systems that exist in the world; we don't know it all.”

　　Dr. La Farge took samples of the moss and, using carbon-dating techniques, discovered that the plants date back to the Little Ice Age. Dr. La Farge's team took the samples, planted them in dishes full of nutrient-rich potting soil and fed them with water.

　　The samples were from four separate species including Aulacomnium turgidum, Distichium capillaceum, Encalypta procera and Syntrichia ruralis. The moss plants found by Dr. La Farge are types of bryophytes. Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.

　　However, Dr. La Farge was surprised that the plants buried under ice have survived into the 21st century. Her findings appear in Proceedings (論文集) of the National Academy of Sciences.

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了生物學(xué)家凱瑟琳·拉·法奇博士和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)400年前冰封在冰川里的苔蘚類植物，帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室后放置在營養(yǎng)豐富的土壤中，澆水之后這些植物又再次生長。

　　5．Dr. La Farge's research is of great importance to ________.

　　A．knowing what the plants during the Little Ice Age were like

　　B．understanding how ecosystems recover from glaciers

　　C．regrowing many species that have been destroyed before

　　D．figuring out the effects of melting ice caps on moss

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps.”可知研究表明這些植物有望重新覆蓋冰蓋融化地區(qū)。由此推斷該研究有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)從冰川中恢復(fù)過來。故選B項(xiàng)。

　　6．The underlined part “blew my mind” in Paragraph 6 means ________．

　　A．surprised me

　　B．greatly frightened me

　　C．put my doubt out of my mind

　　D．was exactly what I had in my mind

　　答案：A　詞義猜測題。畫線短語所在的句子意為“……我可以看到一些莖上新長出了綠色的分支，這表明這些植物正在再次生長，這出乎我的意料。”因此畫線部分意為“出乎意料”，只有A項(xiàng)符合。

　　7．According to the passage, Aulacomnium turgidum ________.

　　A．lives better in small groups

　　B．is very active in hot weather

　　C．is strong enough to survive coldness

　　D．is chosen from Canadian refugia

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句中“Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.”可知苔蘚植物可以在漫長的冬季存活并在天氣變暖時(shí)再生。因?yàn)锳ulacomnium turgidum是苔蘚類植物中的一種，因此也可在嚴(yán)寒中存活。故選C項(xiàng)。

　　8．Which of the following would best summarize the passage?

　　A．Bryophyte ecology is greatly affected by climate change.

　　B．400-year-old moss's survival is a mystery to solve.

　　C．Moss in ancient times was discovered in Canada.

　　D．400-year-old plants were brought back to life.

　　答案：D　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知冰封400年的植物也可以在合適的溫度中再次復(fù)活。故選D項(xiàng)。

　　Ⅳ.七選五

　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩處為多余選項(xiàng)。

　　Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations.They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.1.________

　　The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly.Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses.2.________ So they are called “diseases of civilization”．Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.

　　Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none.3.________ However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.

　　Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones.They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits.They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. 4.________ We eat six times more salt than our ancestors.We eat more sugar.We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.

　　5．________ But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way the ancient people did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.