走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語

　　　第二部分

　　語法專題復習 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復習 語法專題復習 第二部分 專題七　虛擬語氣 第二部分 知 識 清 單 2 考 點 警 示 3 考 點 透 析 1 考 點 透 析 謂語動詞的考查是語法填空題中必考點之一，一旦判定設空處要填入謂語動詞，就應考慮到該謂語動詞的時態，語態，語氣，主謂一致等，這就涉及到虛擬語氣，在近年廣東高考中有一個小題涉及虛擬語氣： He walked in as if he________(buy)the school. 此空在主格人稱代詞he后，顯然是作謂語；又因作為一個學生的他不可能是買下了這個學校，故應當用虛擬語氣，與過去事實相反，故填had bought。虛擬語氣有時在高考寫作中也會用到。如2009年高考讀寫任務要點(2)“假如你處在那些動物的處境，你會有什么反應”，寫這個要點時就需要用到虛擬語氣。可以這樣開頭： If I were an animal in the wildlife park，I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me. 如果我是野生動物園的動物，當人們不停地同我拍照時，我會感到惱怒。 知 識 清 單 一、虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用 從句 主句 典句例示 與現在事實相反的假設 If＋主語＋動詞的過去式(be動詞用were) 主語＋should/ would/could/ might＋動詞原形 If I were you，I would seize the chance to go abroad. 與過去事實相反的假設 If＋主語＋had＋過去分詞 主語＋should/ would/could/might＋have＋過去分詞 If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 從句 主句 典句例示 與將來事實相反的假設 1.If＋主語＋動詞的過去式 2．If＋主語＋were to＋動詞原形 3．If＋主語＋should＋動詞原形 主語＋should/ would/could/ might＋動詞原形 If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用 1．用于賓語從句中。 (1)wish后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現的愿望。 I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鳥能在天空自由飛翔。 I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天見到那個影星了。 How I wish it weren't raining now! 我多希望現在沒下雨啊！

　　(2)用于if only＋句子＝How I wish＋(that)從句。如： If only I were a flying bird! ＝How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飛鳥該多好啊！

　　If only I had seen the film! ＝How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看了那部電影該多好啊！ (3)用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中，常見的動詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，recommend，urge，propose，advise等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結構為“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。如： He suggested that we(should) start off early the next day. 他建議我們第二天早點兒出發。 They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 他們堅決主張那個男孩子跟他們一起去。 注意：當suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅持說”之意時，suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，應使用陳述語氣。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他臉上的微笑表明他對我們的工作很滿意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢。 2．用于主語從句中。 It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/ important/strange/natural/essential＋that從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。如： It is suggested that the meeting(should)

　　be put off till next week.人們建議會議推遲到下周。 It is strange that he(should) have acted toward his parents like that.(act在主句謂語動詞is之前發生，所以要用should have acted，should可以省略) 真奇怪他竟然那樣對他父母。 3．用于表語從句和同位語從句中。 在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構成是“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。如： My idea is that we(should) think it over before accepting it. 我的觀點是在接受之前我們要反復考慮。 We all agree to his suggestion that we (should)

　　go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我們都同意他讓我們去大連旅游的建議。

　　三、虛擬語氣在as if/as though引導的從句中的運用 如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞所表達的動作同時發生，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時；如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞所表達的動作先于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞所表達的動作后于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作，從句謂語動詞用過去將來時。如：

　　He looks as if he were an artist.(同時) 他看起來像個藝術家。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) 她講英語如此流利，好像她在美國學過英語。 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.(后于) 他如此努力地學英語，好像他要去美國。 四、虛擬語氣在定語從句中的運用 It is (high) time (that)．..句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，或用should＋動詞原形(其中should不能省略)。此句型意為“(現在)該……了”，用來表示提議。如： It is(high) time that you went to school. 你該去上學了。 It is (high) time that we should start out. 我們該出發了。 考 點 警 示 使用虛擬條件句時要注意以下幾點： 1．當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”。動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間做出相應的調整。如： If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now. 如果你剛才聽了我的建議，你現在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now. 如果你以前好好學習的話，你現在就是一名大學生了。 2．if省略句的應用。 在虛擬條件狀語從句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變為倒裝句式。如： If I were at school again，I would study harder. →Were I at school again，I would study harder. 如果我還有上學的機會，我會更加努力地學習。 If you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus. →Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus. 如果你來得早些，你就能趕上公共汽車。

　　If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去登山了。 注意：當省略的條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如：可以說：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能說：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now. 3．含蓄條件句的應用。 有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現if引導的條件狀語從句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。如： What would you do with one million dollars(＝if you had one million dollars)? 如果你有100萬美元，你會做什么？ Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time. ＝But for your help...＝If it had not been for your help... ＝Had it not been for your help，... 沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。 I was ill that day. Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副詞) 那天我病了。否則，我就參加運動會了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.(連詞) 他打電話通知了我你的生日，否則，我對此一點兒都不知道。 走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語

　　　第二部分

　　語法專題復習

　　走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語

　　　第二部分

　　語法專題復習 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復習 語法專題復習 第二部分 專題七　虛擬語氣 第二部分 知 識 清 單 2 考 點 警 示 3 考 點 透 析 1 考 點 透 析 謂語動詞的考查是語法填空題中必考點之一，一旦判定設空處要填入謂語動詞，就應考慮到該謂語動詞的時態，語態，語氣，主謂一致等，這就涉及到虛擬語氣，在近年廣東高考中有一個小題涉及虛擬語氣： He walked in as if he________(buy)the school. 此空在主格人稱代詞he后，顯然是作謂語；又因作為一個學生的他不可能是買下了這個學校，故應當用虛擬語氣，與過去事實相反，故填had bought。虛擬語氣有時在高考寫作中也會用到。如2009年高考讀寫任務要點(2)“假如你處在那些動物的處境，你會有什么反應”，寫這個要點時就需要用到虛擬語氣。可以這樣開頭： If I were an animal in the wildlife park，I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me. 如果我是野生動物園的動物，當人們不停地同我拍照時，我會感到惱怒。 知 識 清 單 一、虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的運用 從句 主句 典句例示 與現在事實相反的假設 If＋主語＋動詞的過去式(be動詞用were) 主語＋should/ would/could/ might＋動詞原形 If I were you，I would seize the chance to go abroad. 與過去事實相反的假設 If＋主語＋had＋過去分詞 主語＋should/ would/could/might＋have＋過去分詞 If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 從句 主句 典句例示 與將來事實相反的假設 1.If＋主語＋動詞的過去式 2．If＋主語＋were to＋動詞原形 3．If＋主語＋should＋動詞原形 主語＋should/ would/could/ might＋動詞原形 If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用 1．用于賓語從句中。 (1)wish后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現的愿望。 I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鳥能在天空自由飛翔。 I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天見到那個影星了。 How I wish it weren't raining now! 我多希望現在沒下雨啊！

　　(2)用于if only＋句子＝How I wish＋(that)從句。如： If only I were a flying bird! ＝How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飛鳥該多好啊！

　　If only I had seen the film! ＝How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看了那部電影該多好啊！ (3)用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中，常見的動詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，recommend，urge，propose，advise等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結構為“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。如： He suggested that we(should) start off early the next day. 他建議我們第二天早點兒出發。 They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 他們堅決主張那個男孩子跟他們一起去。 注意：當suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅持說”之意時，suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，應使用陳述語氣。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他臉上的微笑表明他對我們的工作很滿意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢。 2．用于主語從句中。 It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/ important/strange/natural/essential＋that從句，從句中的謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。如： It is suggested that the meeting(should)

　　be put off till next week.人們建議會議推遲到下周。 It is strange that he(should) have acted toward his parents like that.(act在主句謂語動詞is之前發生，所以要用should have acted，should可以省略) 真奇怪他竟然那樣對他父母。 3．用于表語從句和同位語從句中。 在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構成是“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。如： My idea is that we(should) think it over before accepting it. 我的觀點是在接受之前我們要反復考慮。 We all agree to his suggestion that we (should)

　　go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我們都同意他讓我們去大連旅游的建議。

　　三、虛擬語氣在as if/as though引導的從句中的運用 如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞所表達的動作同時發生，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時；如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞所表達的動作先于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果as if引導的從句謂語動詞所表達的動作后于主句謂語動詞所表達的動作，從句謂語動詞用過去將來時。如：

　　He looks as if he were an artist.(同時) 他看起來像個藝術家。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) 她講英語如此流利，好像她在美國學過英語。 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.(后于) 他如此努力地學英語，好像他要去美國。 四、虛擬語氣在定語從句中的運用 It is (high) time (that)．..句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，或用should＋動詞原形(其中should不能省略)。此句型意為“(現在)該……了”，用來表示提議。如： It is(high) time that you went to school. 你該去上學了。 It is (high) time that we should start out. 我們該出發了。 考 點 警 示 使用虛擬條件句時要注意以下幾點： 1．當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”。動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間做出相應的調整。如： If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now. 如果你剛才聽了我的建議，你現在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now. 如果你以前好好學習的話，你現在就是一名大學生了。 2．if省略句的應用。 在虛擬條件狀語從句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變為倒裝句式。如： If I were at school again，I would study harder. →Were I at school again，I would study harder. 如果我還有上學的機會，我會更加努力地學習。 If you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus. →Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus. 如果你來得早些，你就能趕上公共汽車。

　　If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去登山了。 注意：當省略的條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如：可以說：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能說：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now. 3．含蓄條件句的應用。 有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現if引導的條件狀語從句，而是通過其他手段來代替條件句。如： What would you do with one million dollars(＝if you had one million dollars)? 如果你有100萬美元，你會做什么？ Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time. ＝But for your help...＝If it had not been for your help... ＝Had it not been for your help，... 沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項工作。 I was ill that day. Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副詞) 那天我病了。否則，我就參加運動會了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.(連詞) 他打電話通知了我你的生日，否則，我對此一點兒都不知道。 走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語

　　　第二部分

　　語法專題復習