第三節　形容詞和副詞

　　考點一

　　形容詞的基本用法

　　1．形容詞作定語

　　(1)一般情況下，形容詞作定語放在被修飾詞前。但在下列情況下，形容詞要放在被修飾詞的后面。

　　形容詞作定語修飾some-，any-，every-，no-和-body，-thing，-one等構成的復合不定代詞時，需后置。

　　I have nothing particular to do tonight.

　　今晚我沒什么特別要做的事。

　　He had something interesting to tell you，but he forgot.

　　他本來有有趣的事要告訴你，可是他忘了。

　　以-able或-ible結尾的形容詞可放在前有形容詞最高級或only等詞修飾的名詞后面。

　　I saw the best performance possible last night.

　　昨晚我看了一場再好沒有的表演。

　　(2)有些形容詞作前置定語和后置定語意義不同，試比較：

　　the present people 現在的人們；the people present 在場的人們

　　the absent students 心不在焉的學生；the students absent 缺席的學生

　　the concerned teachers 憂心忡忡的老師們；the teachers concerned與……有關的老師們

　　[名師點津]　多個形容詞作定語的排列順序

　　請記住以下口訣：

　　限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，

　　顏色國籍出材料，用途類別往后靠。

　　a little white wooden house 一座白色的小木房

　　some beautiful little red flowers

　　一些美麗的小紅花

　　an old brown woolen carpet

　　一件舊的棕色羊毛地毯

　　2．表語形容詞

　　表語形容詞常作表語或后置定語。常見的表語形容詞有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。

　　The baby asleep might be awake very soon.

　　正在睡著的嬰兒可能很快就會醒來。

　　3．形容詞作狀語

　　形容詞作狀語時表示伴隨或結果，并不表示動作的方式。

　　He went back home after the heavy work，cold and hungry.勞累了一天后他回到了家，又冷又餓。

　　考點二

　　副詞的基本用法

　　1．修飾形容詞或其他副詞，也可以修飾動詞。一般位于被修飾詞之前。但enough需放在所修飾詞之后。

　　I was foolish enough to accept his offer.

　　我接受他的提議真是夠傻的。

　　2．so/as/that/too/how/that修飾形容詞加名詞時的順序：so/as/too/how/that＋adj.＋a/an＋n.。

　　It is too difficult a job for me to finish in so short a time(such a short time)．

　　在如此短的時間內完成工作對我太難了。

　　3．表示時間頻度的副詞always，often，usually，never，seldom，rarely等多放在實意動詞前，系動詞、情態動詞或助動詞之后。

　　I usually dip into a book before deciding whether to buy it.

　　我通常先瀏覽一本書然后才決定是否買它。

　　4．有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語。

　　Unfortunately，when he went through customs in Japan，they would not let him in.不幸的是，當他在日本過海關的時候，工作人員不會放行。

　　Apparently，this is not something that happened to Tom.很顯然，這些并沒有發生在湯姆身上。

　　5．can not/never與enough或too much連用表示“無論怎樣都不過分”。

　　You cannot be too careful when crossing the street.

　　穿越馬路時，再怎么小心也不為過。

　　[名師點津]　有些副詞有兩種形式，但含義不同：

　　close 接近的　closely 仔細地，密切地

　　free 免費的　freely 自由地

　　hard 努力的　hardly 幾乎不

　　late 晚，遲到　lately 近來

　　most 極，非常　mostly 主要地

　　wide 廣闊的　widely

　　廣泛地

　　high

　　高　highly

　　高度地，非常地

　　deep 深　deeply (抽象意義)深深地

　　考點三

　　形容詞和副詞的比較等級

　　1．形容詞和副詞的比較等級

　　形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級、比較級和最高級。

　　[名師點津]　以下形容詞及其副詞無比較級和最高級：relative, absolute, perfect, entire, senior, golden, afraid, unique, present, simply, right, wrong, sure, round, empty, wonderful等。

　　2．比較級和最高級的構成

　　(1)規則形式

　　①單音節以及少數以-ow(如narrow)結尾的雙音節形容詞或副詞，在原級后加-er, -est構成。如：clever － cleverer － cleverest。其他特殊變化見下表：

　　特殊情況 構成方式 例詞

　　以e結尾 加-r和-st brave － braver － bravest

　　以“輔音字母＋y”結尾 變y為i，再加-er和-est happy － happier － happiest

　　以重讀閉音節結尾 雙寫詞尾，再加-er和-est hot－hotter－hottest

　　②多音節和部分雙音節形容詞和副詞，在原級前加more, most構成。

　　active－more active－most active

　　happily－more happily－most happily

　　(2)不規則形式

　　good/well－better－best

　　far－farther/further－farthest/furthest

　　bad/ill /badly－worse－worst

　　old－older/elder－oldest/eldest

　　many/much－more－most

　　little－less－least

　　3．比較等級的常見句型：

　　① 兩者比較，用“比較級＋than”表示。

　　You look much younger than I do.

　　你看上去比我年輕多了。

　　② “比較級＋and＋比較級”表示“越來越……”。

　　With summer coming，the day is becoming longer and longer.隨著夏天的到來，白天變得越來越長。

　　③

　　“the ＋ 比較級，the ＋ 比較級”意為“越……就越……”。

　　The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you'll make.你越仔細，犯的錯誤就越少。

　　④

　　“the＋比較級＋of the two ＋n.”表示“兩者之間較……的那個”。

　　The taller of the two boys is my brother.

　　那兩個男孩中較高的那個是我弟弟。

　　⑤

　　“a(n)＋比較級＋n.”表示“一個更……的”。

　　The story is not very interesting.I will tell you a more interesting one.這個故事不太有趣，我會給你講一個更有趣的故事。

　　⑥ “as＋原級adj./adv.＋as ...”表示“和……一樣”。

　　John plays football as well as，if not better than，David.

　　約翰如果踢足球不比大衛好，至少和他踢得一樣好。

　　[名師點津]　“not as/so＋原級adj./adv.＋as ...”表示“不如……”。

　　The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

　　這工作沒有你想象的那么難。

　　4．表示倍數的三種句型：

　　倍數＋as＋原級形容詞(副詞)＋as ...

　　倍數＋the size/length/width/depth/height of ...

　　倍數＋比較級＋than...

　　The building is three times as high as that one.

　　＝The building is three times the height of that one.

　　＝The building is twice higher than that one.

　　這座大樓是那座的三倍高。

　　[名師點津]　否定詞＋比較級＝最高級

　　I have never seen a better film.我從未看過比這更精彩的影片(這是我看過的最精彩的影片)。

　　5．most前有定冠詞時為最高級，但most前無定冠詞時沒有比較的含義，只是用來加強語氣，有“很，非常”之意。

　　This lesson is most difficult，but it isn't the most difficult.這一課很難，但并不是最難的。

　　6．比較等級前常用的修飾語：a little，a bit，slightly，much，a lot，a great deal，any，far，by far，even，still等。

　　After two years' research，we now have a far better understanding of the disease.經過兩年的研究，我們現在對這種疾病有了更進一步的了解。

　　[本節小結]

　　高考側重于對形容詞和副詞語義的考查。對比較等級的考查不是直接考查其結構，而是在具體語境中讓考生體會出其比較的含義。因此考生在日常備考中要掌握英語中形容詞和副詞的語法特點以及它們之間的語義差異；具備在特定的語境中選擇恰當的形容詞和副詞的能力；重點掌握常用且相似的形容詞和副詞的含義及用法差異，對比較級的一些常用句型要做到耳熟能詳。

　　針對訓練

　　.選詞填空

　　stubborn；therefore；seldom；otherwise；blindly；optimistic；deliberately；frequently；efficient

　　1．(2024·安徽高考)My good performance in the job interview left me________about my future and about what I can do here.

　　【答案】　optimistic

　　2．(2024·福建高考)With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n)________ way of reaching target customers.

　　【答案】　efficient

　　3．(2024·浙江高考)Joe is proud and ________，never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.

　　【答案】　stubborn

　　4．(2024·安徽高考)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and，________ supply more jobs.

　　【答案】　therefore

　　5．(2024·大綱全國卷)Henry was away from home for quite a bit and ________ saw his family.

　　【答案】　seldom

　　6．(2024·江蘇高考)I can't meet you on Sunday.I'll be ________ occupied.

　　【答案】　otherwise

　　7．(2024·江西高考)Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn't have found it ________.

　　【答案】　otherwise

　　8．(2024·浙江高考)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others________.

　　【答案】　blindly

　　9．(2024·浙江八校聯考)Don't defend him any more.It's obvious that he ________ destroyed the fence of the garden even without an apology.

　　【答案】　deliberately

　　10．(2024·浙江嘉興模擬)As is known to all language learners，newly learned words will soon be forgotten unless ________ used in everyday communication.

　　【答案】　frequently

　　.語篇填空

　　用適當的詞或者括號中所給詞的適當形式填空

　　When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport，workers began to unload a number of 1.________(wood) boxes which contained clothing.No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was 2.________(extreme) heavy.It 3.________ (sudden) to one of the workers to open up the box.He was 4.________(astonish) at what he found.A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of 5.________(wool) goods.He was 6.________ 7.________(surprise) at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.

　　After he was arrested，the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London.He had had a long and 8.________(comfort) trip，for he had been confined (關在) to the 9.________ box for over eighteen hours.The man was ordered to pay 3,500 for the cost of the trip，which was 10.________ (expensive) than the normal prize which only cost ￡2,000.

　　【答案】　1.wooden　2.extremely　3.suddenly　4.astonished　5.woolen　6.so　7.surprised　8.uncomfortable　9.wooden　10.more expensive

　　綜合演練

　　語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內單詞的適當形式

　　There was 1.________ a guy who suffered from a cancer，one that can't be cured.He was 18 years 2.________ and he could die anytime.All his life，he was stuck in his house taken care of by his mother.He never went outside but he was 3.________ of staying home and wanted to go out for once.So he asked his mother and she gave him permission.

　　He walked down his block and found a lot of stores.He passed a CD store and looked through the front door for a second.He stopped and saw a 4.________ girl about his age.He opened the door and walked in，not looking at anything else but her.He walked 5.________(close) until he was finally at the front desk where she sat.She looked 6.________ and smiled，“Can I help you？” He said，“I would like to buy a CD.” He picked one out and gave her the money for it.

　　“Would you like me to wrap it for you？” she asked，smiling 7.________.He nodded and she went to the back.She came 8.________ with the wrapped CD and gave it to him.After that，he 9.________ bought a CD there.One day，he went there buying a CD like he did every day，and 10.________ again she went to the back of the store and came back with it wrapped.He took it and when she wasn't looking，he left his phone number on the desk and ran out...

　　【答案】　1.once　2.old　3.tired　4.beautiful　5.closer　6.up　7.again　8.back　9.often　10.once

　　第三節　形容詞和副詞

　　考點一

　　形容詞的基本用法

　　1．形容詞作定語

　　(1)一般情況下，形容詞作定語放在被修飾詞前。但在下列情況下，形容詞要放在被修飾詞的后面。

　　形容詞作定語修飾some-，any-，every-，no-和-body，-thing，-one等構成的復合不定代詞時，需后置。

　　I have nothing particular to do tonight.

　　今晚我沒什么特別要做的事。

　　He had something interesting to tell you，but he forgot.

　　他本來有有趣的事要告訴你，可是他忘了。

　　以-able或-ible結尾的形容詞可放在前有形容詞最高級或only等詞修飾的名詞后面。

　　I saw the best performance possible last night.

　　昨晚我看了一場再好沒有的表演。

　　(2)有些形容詞作前置定語和后置定語意義不同，試比較：

　　the present people 現在的人們；the people present 在場的人們

　　the absent students 心不在焉的學生；the students absent 缺席的學生

　　the concerned teachers 憂心忡忡的老師們；the teachers concerned與……有關的老師們

　　[名師點津]　多個形容詞作定語的排列順序

　　請記住以下口訣：

　　限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，

　　顏色國籍出材料，用途類別往后靠。

　　a little white wooden house 一座白色的小木房

　　some beautiful little red flowers

　　一些美麗的小紅花

　　an old brown woolen carpet

　　一件舊的棕色羊毛地毯

　　2．表語形容詞

　　表語形容詞常作表語或后置定語。常見的表語形容詞有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。

　　The baby asleep might be awake very soon.

　　正在睡著的嬰兒可能很快就會醒來。

　　3．形容詞作狀語

　　形容詞作狀語時表示伴隨或結果，并不表示動作的方式。

　　He went back home after the heavy work，cold and hungry.勞累了一天后他回到了家，又冷又餓。

　　考點二

　　副詞的基本用法

　　1．修飾形容詞或其他副詞，也可以修飾動詞。一般位于被修飾詞之前。但enough需放在所修飾詞之后。

　　I was foolish enough to accept his offer.

　　我接受他的提議真是夠傻的。

　　2．so/as/that/too/how/that修飾形容詞加名詞時的順序：so/as/too/how/that＋adj.＋a/an＋n.。

　　It is too difficult a job for me to finish in so short a time(such a short time)．

　　在如此短的時間內完成工作對我太難了。

　　3．表示時間頻度的副詞always，often，usually，never，seldom，rarely等多放在實意動詞前，系動詞、情態動詞或助動詞之后。

　　I usually dip into a book before deciding whether to buy it.

　　我通常先瀏覽一本書然后才決定是否買它。

　　4．有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語。

　　Unfortunately，when he went through customs in Japan，they would not let him in.不幸的是，當他在日本過海關的時候，工作人員不會放行。

　　Apparently，this is not something that happened to Tom.很顯然，這些并沒有發生在湯姆身上。

　　5．can not/never與enough或too much連用表示“無論怎樣都不過分”。

　　You cannot be too careful when crossing the street.

　　穿越馬路時，再怎么小心也不為過。

　　[名師點津]　有些副詞有兩種形式，但含義不同：

　　close 接近的　closely 仔細地，密切地

　　free 免費的　freely 自由地

　　hard 努力的　hardly 幾乎不

　　late 晚，遲到　lately 近來

　　most 極，非常　mostly 主要地

　　wide 廣闊的　widely

　　廣泛地

　　high

　　高　highly

　　高度地，非常地

　　deep 深　deeply (抽象意義)深深地

　　考點三

　　形容詞和副詞的比較等級

　　1．形容詞和副詞的比較等級

　　形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級、比較級和最高級。

　　[名師點津]　以下形容詞及其副詞無比較級和最高級：relative, absolute, perfect, entire, senior, golden, afraid, unique, present, simply, right, wrong, sure, round, empty, wonderful等。

　　2．比較級和最高級的構成

　　(1)規則形式

　　①單音節以及少數以-ow(如narrow)結尾的雙音節形容詞或副詞，在原級后加-er, -est構成。如：clever － cleverer － cleverest。其他特殊變化見下表：

　　特殊情況 構成方式 例詞

　　以e結尾 加-r和-st brave － braver － bravest

　　以“輔音字母＋y”結尾 變y為i，再加-er和-est happy － happier － happiest

　　以重讀閉音節結尾 雙寫詞尾，再加-er和-est hot－hotter－hottest

　　②多音節和部分雙音節形容詞和副詞，在原級前加more, most構成。

　　active－more active－most active

　　happily－more happily－most happily

　　(2)不規則形式

　　good/well－better－best

　　far－farther/further－farthest/furthest

　　bad/ill /badly－worse－worst

　　old－older/elder－oldest/eldest

　　many/much－more－most

　　little－less－least

　　3．比較等級的常見句型：

　　① 兩者比較，用“比較級＋than”表示。

　　You look much younger than I do.

　　你看上去比我年輕多了。

　　② “比較級＋and＋比較級”表示“越來越……”。

　　With summer coming，the day is becoming longer and longer.隨著夏天的到來，白天變得越來越長。

　　③

　　“the ＋ 比較級，the ＋ 比較級”意為“越……就越……”。

　　The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you'll make.你越仔細，犯的錯誤就越少。

　　④

　　“the＋比較級＋of the two ＋n.”表示“兩者之間較……的那個”。

　　The taller of the two boys is my brother.

　　那兩個男孩中較高的那個是我弟弟。

　　⑤

　　“a(n)＋比較級＋n.”表示“一個更……的”。

　　The story is not very interesting.I will tell you a more interesting one.這個故事不太有趣，我會給你講一個更有趣的故事。

　　⑥ “as＋原級adj./adv.＋as ...”表示“和……一樣”。

　　John plays football as well as，if not better than，David.

　　約翰如果踢足球不比大衛好，至少和他踢得一樣好。

　　[名師點津]　“not as/so＋原級adj./adv.＋as ...”表示“不如……”。

　　The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

　　這工作沒有你想象的那么難。

　　4．表示倍數的三種句型：

　　倍數＋as＋原級形容詞(副詞)＋as ...

　　倍數＋the size/length/width/depth/height of ...

　　倍數＋比較級＋than...

　　The building is three times as high as that one.

　　＝The building is three times the height of that one.

　　＝The building is twice higher than that one.

　　這座大樓是那座的三倍高。

　　[名師點津]　否定詞＋比較級＝最高級

　　I have never seen a better film.我從未看過比這更精彩的影片(這是我看過的最精彩的影片)。

　　5．most前有定冠詞時為最高級，但most前無定冠詞時沒有比較的含義，只是用來加強語氣，有“很，非常”之意。

　　This lesson is most difficult，but it isn't the most difficult.這一課很難，但并不是最難的。

　　6．比較等級前常用的修飾語：a little，a bit，slightly，much，a lot，a great deal，any，far，by far，even，still等。

　　After two years' research，we now have a far better understanding of the disease.經過兩年的研究，我們現在對這種疾病有了更進一步的了解。

　　[本節小結]

　　高考側重于對形容詞和副詞語義的考查。對比較等級的考查不是直接考查其結構，而是在具體語境中讓考生體會出其比較的含義。因此考生在日常備考中要掌握英語中形容詞和副詞的語法特點以及它們之間的語義差異；具備在特定的語境中選擇恰當的形容詞和副詞的能力；重點掌握常用且相似的形容詞和副詞的含義及用法差異，對比較級的一些常用句型要做到耳熟能詳。

　　針對訓練

　　.選詞填空

　　stubborn；therefore；seldom；otherwise；blindly；optimistic；deliberately；frequently；efficient

　　1．(2024·安徽高考)My good performance in the job interview left me________about my future and about what I can do here.

　　【答案】　optimistic

　　2．(2024·福建高考)With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n)________ way of reaching target customers.

　　【答案】　efficient

　　3．(2024·浙江高考)Joe is proud and ________，never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.

　　【答案】　stubborn

　　4．(2024·安徽高考)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and，________ supply more jobs.

　　【答案】　therefore

　　5．(2024·大綱全國卷)Henry was away from home for quite a bit and ________ saw his family.

　　【答案】　seldom

　　6．(2024·江蘇高考)I can't meet you on Sunday.I'll be ________ occupied.

　　【答案】　otherwise

　　7．(2024·江西高考)Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn't have found it ________.

　　【答案】　otherwise

　　8．(2024·浙江高考)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others________.

　　【答案】　blindly

　　9．(2024·浙江八校聯考)Don't defend him any more.It's obvious that he ________ destroyed the fence of the garden even without an apology.

　　【答案】　deliberately

　　10．(2024·浙江嘉興模擬)As is known to all language learners，newly learned words will soon be forgotten unless ________ used in everyday communication.

　　【答案】　frequently

　　.語篇填空

　　用適當的詞或者括號中所給詞的適當形式填空

　　When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport，workers began to unload a number of 1.________(wood) boxes which contained clothing.No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was 2.________(extreme) heavy.It 3.________ (sudden) to one of the workers to open up the box.He was 4.________(astonish) at what he found.A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of 5.________(wool) goods.He was 6.________ 7.________(surprise) at being discovered that he did not even try to run away.

　　After he was arrested，the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London.He had had a long and 8.________(comfort) trip，for he had been confined (關在) to the 9.________ box for over eighteen hours.The man was ordered to pay 3,500 for the cost of the trip，which was 10.________ (expensive) than the normal prize which only cost ￡2,000.

　　【答案】　1.wooden　2.extremely　3.suddenly　4.astonished　5.woolen　6.so　7.surprised　8.uncomfortable　9.wooden　10.more expensive

　　綜合演練

　　語法填空

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(不多于3個單詞)或括號內單詞的適當形式

　　There was 1.________ a guy who suffered from a cancer，one that can't be cured.He was 18 years 2.________ and he could die anytime.All his life，he was stuck in his house taken care of by his mother.He never went outside but he was 3.________ of staying home and wanted to go out for once.So he asked his mother and she gave him permission.

　　He walked down his block and found a lot of stores.He passed a CD store and looked through the front door for a second.He stopped and saw a 4.________ girl about his age.He opened the door and walked in，not looking at anything else but her.He walked 5.________(close) until he was finally at the front desk where she sat.She looked 6.________ and smiled，“Can I help you？” He said，“I would like to buy a CD.” He picked one out and gave her the money for it.

　　“Would you like me to wrap it for you？” she asked，smiling 7.________.He nodded and she went to the back.She came 8.________ with the wrapped CD and gave it to him.After that，he 9.________ bought a CD there.One day，he went there buying a CD like he did every day，and 10.________ again she went to the back of the store and came back with it wrapped.He took it and when she wasn't looking，he left his phone number on the desk and ran out...

　　【答案】　1.once　2.old　3.tired　4.beautiful　5.closer　6.up　7.again　8.back　9.often　10.once