2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講學(xué)案:專題03 形容詞和副詞(解析版)
【考綱解讀】
形容詞和副詞在高考試題中始終占很重要的地位。近幾年高考對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查具有“淡化語(yǔ)法、注重深層語(yǔ)義”的特點(diǎn),以形容詞和副詞辨析為熱點(diǎn)。同時(shí)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的考查。其考點(diǎn)主要包括:
1.考查形容詞和副詞詞義辨析。
2.考查形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)的詞序,即指示代詞/不定代詞+數(shù)詞(序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞)+描繪性形容詞+特征性形容詞(大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低、形狀、年齡、新舊)+顏色形容詞+國(guó)籍、出處+物質(zhì)、材料+用途、類別+中心名詞。
3.考查形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的常用句型及其修飾成分在句中的位置。
4.考查與形容詞和副詞有關(guān)的習(xí)語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
高考對(duì)形容詞、副詞的考查熱點(diǎn)將仍然集中在對(duì)形容詞、副詞的詞義辨析上,同時(shí)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對(duì)形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)的考查。
【重點(diǎn)知識(shí)梳理】
一、形容詞和副詞的基本用法
1.形容詞在句中的作用。
(1)形容詞在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
(2)形容詞在句中也可作狀語(yǔ),用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。
He was lying in bed,dead.
(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身體好)等常用作表語(yǔ)而不用作定語(yǔ)。如:
He is an ill man.(錯(cuò))
The man is ill.(對(duì))
She is an afraid girl.(錯(cuò))
The girl is afraid.(對(duì))
(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/onethousandword等復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞要用單數(shù),一般只用作前置定語(yǔ)。如:
Tom is a twoyearold boy.
2.副詞在句中的作用。
副詞在句中一般用作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞,也可修飾整個(gè)句子。如:
Obviously you are wrong.
二、常用連接性副詞的用法
1.though用作副詞時(shí),常在句末,意為“然而,可是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義。
2.therefore“因此,所以”,表示結(jié)果。
3.meanwhile“與此同時(shí),在此期間”,表示前后分句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
4.moreover“另外”,表示承接關(guān)系。
5.however“然而”,表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折,常用逗號(hào)與句子的其他成分隔開(kāi)。
6.besides“另外;還有”,表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
7.instead“相反”,表示前后分句意義相反。
三、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)
1.平級(jí)比較
(1)as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as像……一樣
(2)as+adj.+a/an+名詞+as像……一樣的……
(3)as much+a/an+名詞+as和……一樣是……
(4)not as/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as...不如……那樣……
①Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is).
=Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).
Henry和Peter一樣都是好工人。
②It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人們普遍認(rèn)為,教學(xué)是一門科學(xué),同時(shí)也是一門藝術(shù)。
2.比較級(jí)
(1)the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...越……,越……
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越仔細(xì),你犯的錯(cuò)誤越少。
(2)the+比較級(jí)+of the two+名詞,表示“兩個(gè)中較……的”。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
這兩個(gè)男孩中較高的是我哥哥。
3.比較級(jí)的修飾詞
常見(jiàn)的修飾詞有much,a lot,a great deal,far,even,a bit, a little, any(否定句、疑問(wèn)句中),具體的數(shù)據(jù)等。
He is much taller than Yao Ming.
他比姚明高多了。
但是very/quite/fairly一般不用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí);最高級(jí)常用by far/much或序數(shù)詞作狀語(yǔ)。如:
The population of China is by far the largest in the world.
Africa is the second largest continent.
4.幾種帶有否定詞的比較句型
(1)no better than表示“和……一樣;實(shí)際等于……”。例如:
The patient is no better than he was yesterday.
病人的情況和昨天一樣(不好)。
(2)no more...than表示“同……一樣不”。例如:
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
鯨和馬都不是魚。
(3)no less... than表示“和……一樣;不遜于”。例如:
The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the
other arts.
寫作技巧和其他藝術(shù)技巧一樣困難。
5.比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義
(1)“否定詞+比較級(jí)”有最高級(jí)的含義。
Your story is perfect;I've never heard a better one before。
你的故事太完美了,我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到比這更好聽(tīng)的故事。
(2)比較級(jí)在以下幾種句式中均表示最高級(jí)含義。
比較級(jí)+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞
比較級(jí)+than+all the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
比較級(jí)+than+anyone else
比較級(jí)+than+any of the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞
比較級(jí)+than+the rest of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞
例如:朱莉婭是她班上最高的女生。(一句多譯)
①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.
③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.
④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.
⑤Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
四、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法
1.A is+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B
2.A is+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B
3.A is+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size,length,height等)+of+B
4.the+名詞(size,length,height等)+of A is+倍數(shù)+that+of+B
5.A
is+倍數(shù)+what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
長(zhǎng)江是珠江的三倍長(zhǎng)。(一句多譯)
①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.
②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.
③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.
④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.
五、形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置
1.通常置于所修飾的詞之前,但不定代詞的定語(yǔ)通常在后面。如:
Someone strange is asking to see you.
Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.
2.else常放在不定代詞和疑問(wèn)代詞后面作定語(yǔ)。如:
No one else can answer the question.
3.多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的詞序?yàn)椋捍笮 ㈤L(zhǎng)短、高低形狀/年齡、新舊顏色/來(lái)源、國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處/材料/用途。如:
an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.
【高頻考點(diǎn)突破】
考點(diǎn)一、 考查形容詞短語(yǔ)辨析
例1.【2024·浙江】Listening is thus an active, not a
, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
A. considerate
B. sensitive
C. reliable
D. passive
【答案】D
【解析】句意:因此聽(tīng)是一種主動(dòng)的,而不是被動(dòng)的行為。它包含聽(tīng),理解和記憶。A. considerate意為考慮周全的, B. sensitive意為敏感的,C. reliable意為可靠的,D. passive意為被動(dòng)的。根據(jù)not可以知道前后是反義表達(dá),所以選D。此題的關(guān)鍵是有一個(gè)not這是表示否定的,這表明跟前面的active是反義的關(guān)系,根據(jù)4個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思不能得出答案是 D. passive被動(dòng)的。
【變式探究】(2024安徽卷)My good performance in the job interview left me
about my future and about what I can do here.
A. puzzled
B. sensitive
C. optimistic
D. embarrassed
【答案】C
考點(diǎn)二、考查副詞辨析
例2. 【2024·安徽】31.They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies.
A. legally
B. sincerely
C. personally
D. deliberately
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他們給那位老人的家里送錢,有的是一個(gè)人的名義,有的則是通過(guò)他們的公司。A合法地;B真誠(chéng)地;C親自,當(dāng)面地,個(gè)人而言;D故意地。故選C。
【變式探究】(2024安徽卷)It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,
,supply more jobs.
A. however
B. anywhere
C. therefore
D. otherwise
【答案】C 【解析】副詞however然而;anywhere無(wú)論何處;therefore因此;otherwise否則,要不然;另外一方面;句義:在市場(chǎng)上起著更重要的作用是我們的希望,因此通過(guò)更多的工作。我們要想在市場(chǎng)上起著更重要的作用是通過(guò)提供更多的工作實(shí)現(xiàn)的。上下文之間是因果關(guān)系。故C正確。
考點(diǎn)三、考查形容詞比較級(jí)
例3、【2024·四川】7.Andy is content with the toy. It is
he has ever got.
A. a better
B. the better
C. a best
D. the best
【答案】D
【解析】考查最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。根據(jù)上一句話可知,Andy對(duì)這個(gè)玩具很滿意,故選擇D,意為:這是他曾得到的最好的玩具。
【變式探究】(2024·天津卷)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are________
meaningful things to do.
A. less
B.more
C. the least
D.
the
most
解析:B。前面說(shuō)看電視浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,后面說(shuō)還有比這更有意義的事要做,需用比較級(jí)。句意:我認(rèn)為每天晚上看電視是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間——還有更多有意義的事情要做。
考點(diǎn)四、考查形容詞修飾名詞的詞序
例4. It's said that________ scientist is going to give us a lecture.
A. an American famous young
B.a(chǎn) famous American young
C.a(chǎn) famous young American
D.a(chǎn) young famous American
解析:C。多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)的詞序:限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高→形狀年齡和新老→顏色國(guó)籍跟材料→作用類別往后靠。famous是描繪性形容詞,應(yīng)放在最前面,American指的是國(guó)籍,放在young之后。
考點(diǎn)五、考查倍數(shù)的用法
例5. The new bridge is ________the one built last year.
A.three times as wider as
B.three times the width of
C.three times the width
D.a(chǎn)s three times as
【經(jīng)典考題精析】
1.(2024·江蘇,31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and
(comprehension)review of the case.
解析 句意:警方?jīng)Q定對(duì)該案件進(jìn)行徹底和全面的審查。作名詞review的定語(yǔ)要用其形容詞形式。comprehensive 綜合的,廣泛的。
答案 comprehensive
2.(2024·浙江,14)Listening is thus an active, not a
(passively), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
解析 句意:聽(tīng)是一種積極的,而不是消極的行為,它涉及聽(tīng)、理解和記憶。與前面的形容詞active對(duì)應(yīng),也要用形容詞形式,一起作名詞behavior的定語(yǔ)。passive被動(dòng)的,消極的。
答案 passive
3.(2024·湖北,27)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be
(punctually).
解析 句意:盡管會(huì)議大廳距他的公寓很近,想準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到,他必須快一點(diǎn)。作系動(dòng)詞be的表語(yǔ)要用形容詞形式。punctual準(zhǔn)時(shí)的。
答案 punctual
4.(2024·湖北,28)I don't think what he said is
(relevance)to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.
解析 句意:我認(rèn)為他說(shuō)的與我們正在討論的主題無(wú)關(guān)。他跑題了。作系動(dòng)詞is的表語(yǔ)要用形容詞形式。relevant有關(guān)的;貼切的。
答案 relevant
5.(2024·四川,7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the
(good)he has ever got.
解析 考查最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。句意:Andy對(duì)這個(gè)玩具很滿意,這是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。
答案 best
6.(2024·四川,9)Little Tom sat
(amaze)watching the monkey dancing in
front of him.
答案 amazed
7.(2024·安徽,26)I'm so
(gratitude)to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
解析 句意:我非常感激所有的志愿者,因?yàn)樗麄儙臀野言愀獾囊惶熳兂闪擞淇斓囊惶臁e動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞,be grateful to sb感激某人。
答案 grateful
8.(2024·福建,23)It was
(consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
解析 句意:為了避免我們擔(dān)心,米切爾告知我們他耽擱了,他想得很周到。be動(dòng)詞后用形容詞,considerate體貼的;考慮周到的。
答案 considerate
9.(2024·浙江,13)Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was
(former)alive.
解析 句意:如果我們知道一點(diǎn)食物來(lái)源的話,我們中的大多數(shù)人就會(huì)明白我們嘴里的每一口食物從前都是活著的。此處作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故要用副詞形式。formerly以前,從前。
答案 formerly
10.(2024·湖北,29)The girl used to be shy, but is
(gradual)getting active in
group work and is more willing to express herself.
解析 句意:女孩一度很害羞,但是逐漸地她在分組工作表現(xiàn)得積極主動(dòng),變得更愿意表達(dá)自己了。在句中作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)get active要用副詞形式。gradually逐漸地,逐步地。
答案 gradually
11.(2024·安徽,31)They gave money to the old people's home either
(personal)or through their companies.
解析 句意:他們給那位老人的家里送錢,有的是從個(gè)人的名義,有的則是通過(guò)他們的公司。修飾動(dòng)詞的應(yīng)為personally。
答案 personally
1.(2024浙江卷 )4. Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
A. strict