Deep South

　　選修 8

　　重點句型

　　1. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antarctica is technically a desert.

　　南極洲年降雨量幾乎為零,嚴格來說該區域就是一片荒漠。

　　2. A high mountain range, the Trans–Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two.

　　一條橫貫南極洲的山脈,從東到西將南極洲分為兩半。

　　3. But the long Antarctica winter night,

　　which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth ), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall，means that few types of plants can survive there.

　　但是南極洲冬天的夜晚長達182天(地球上持續時間最長的黑暗時期),氣候極度寒冷,降雨量極少,這意味著很少有植物能夠在這里生存。

　　重點句型

　　4. Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.

　　直到18世紀末,英國探險家詹姆斯·庫克才穿越了南極圈,但他卻從未發現任何陸地。

　　重點句型

　　1. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there.

　　但是南極洲冬天的夜晚長達182天(地球上持續時間最長的黑暗時期),氣候極度寒冷,降雨量極少,這意味著很少有植物能夠在這里生存。

　　句型探究

　　which lasts for 182 days …為非限制性定語從句。which 指代前面的句子。

　　He changed his mind, which made all of us angry.

　　他改變了主意,這使得我們都很生氣。

　　The students finished the work by themselves,

　　which was encouraging.

　　學生們獨自完成了工作,真令人鼓舞。

　　句型探究

　　2. Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.

　　直到18世紀末,英國探險家詹姆斯·庫克才穿越了南極圈,但他卻從未發現任何陸地。

　　句型探究

　　(1)but前的句子是not…until…句式的倒裝句，原句為：The British explorer James Cook didn't cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century. not until位于句首，句子要倒裝。

　　not …until … 直到……才……

　　(2)在句型“主句＋ until/till ＋時間狀語從句”中，應注意以下幾點：

　　①主句中動詞是非延續性動詞，如leave, graduate, break 等時，必須用否定形式。

　　②主句中動詞是延續性動詞，肯定、否定形式都可以，但注意意義完全不同。

　　句型探究

　　We discussed the problem until he came back.

　　我們一直討論這個問題直到他回來。

　　I will wait here until the concert is over.

　　我將一直在這兒等到音樂會結束。

　　Until he returns, nothing can be done.

　　他不回來什么也不能做。

　　Go straight on until you see a large building.

　　一直往前走，直到你看到一座大樓。

　　句型探究

　　Not until the teacher came in did he stop playing the game.

　　直到老師進來他才停止玩游戲。

　　I didn’t learn to drive till I was thirty–three.

　　我直到33歲才學會開車。

　　句型探究

　　Renaissance

　　選修 8

　　1

　　1. Wherever he went, he carried a notebook around with him, in which he wrote down his ideas.

　　不管走到哪里他都隨身攜帶一個筆記本，以便隨時記錄下自己的想法。

　　重點句型

　　2. So you can walk along a street for half an hour or so and end up five minutes from where you started.

　　那么你有可能沿街走了半小時左右，結果離你出發的地點實際僅有五分鐘的路程。

　　重點句型

　　3. Unlike other places in Europe, where house owners were taxed on the size of their windows, here the taxes depended on the width of the house…

　　在歐洲其他地方,房屋主人要根據窗戶的尺寸納稅;此處卻不同,這里的稅金是根據房屋的寬度而定……

　　重點句型

　　4. But as the ideas of the Renaissance developed, so did the demand for the Greek

　　and Latin classics, which had been largely ignored for up to 2,000 years.

　　但隨著文藝復興觀念的發展,人們對

　　希臘和拉丁經典作品的需求也增加了,而

　　這些經典已經被忽視達2000年了。

　　重點句型

　　5. Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society, the son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid–1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.

　　假如沒有低廉的印刷技術使得廣大社會

　　階層有書可讀,16世紀中期英格蘭鄉村的政府官員——約翰·莎士比亞的兒子也許根本不可能受到鼓舞而將寫作作為職業。

　　重點句型

　　Without inexpensive printing to make books available to a large section of society, the son of John Shakespeare, a government official in rural England in the mid–1500s, may never have been inspired to take up writing as a profession.

　　假設沒有低廉的印刷技術使得廣大社會階

　　層有書可讀,16世紀中期英格蘭鄉村的政府官員——約翰·莎士比亞的兒子也許根本不可能

　　受到鼓舞而將寫作作為職業。

　　句型探究

　　①inspire sb. to do sth.

　　鼓勵/激勵某人做某事

　　②inspire sth. in / with sb.

　　激起/促成某人……

　　句型探究

　　inspired

　　adj.

　　有靈感的,(人、作品)得到靈感的,非常好的

　　inspiring

　　adj.

　　激勵的,鼓勵的

　　inspiration

　　n.

　　靈感,啟示

　　His passion for romantic literature inspired him to begin writing.

　　他對浪漫主義文學的激情激勵他開始寫作。

　　He possesses the quality of inspiring confidence.

　　他有本事能讓別人信任他。

　　(2)may never have been 是對過去情況的推測。對過去情況的推測用“情態動詞＋動詞的完成式”。

　　There was no light in his office. He must have gone home.

　　他辦公室沒亮燈，他一定是回家了。(must表示肯定的推測。)

　　You should have finished your work before class.

　　你課前就該把作業做完的。(should have done表示“理應，本該……”)

　　Foreign Food

　　選修 8

　　1

　　1. What do you think a Chinese person will notice when eating British food for the first time?

　　你認為第一次品嘗英國食物時,中國人會注意到一些什么東西？

　　2. I had eaten Chinese food often, but I could not have imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.

　　我以前也經常吃中餐,但從沒想到真正的中式宴席會那么豐富。

　　重點句型

　　3. No wonder my fellow guests had had only a few bites of each dish…

　　怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就淺嘗幾口……

　　4. The first time I saw a three–year–old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken’s head I had bad dreams for weeks.

　　第一次看到一個三歲的小孩歡快地嚼著

　　一只雞頭后,我連續做了幾周噩夢。

　　重點句型

　　5. …and it was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.

　　……只有當我嘗了一下后才知道那確實

　　是用蘑菇做的。

　　重點句型

　　The first time I saw a three year old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken’s head I had bad dreams for weeks.

　　第一次看到一個三歲的小孩歡快地嚼著一只雞頭后,我連續做了幾周噩夢。

　　the first time相當于從屬連詞,引導狀語從句,可譯為“第一次……”。類似的名詞短語充當連詞的還有：the moment, the minute, every time, each time, next time 等。

　　句型探究

　　What do you think a Chinese person will notice when eating British food for the first time?

　　你認為第一次品嘗英國食物時，中國人會注意到什么？

　　此句中的for the first time在句中作狀語。

　　句型探究

　　the first time, for the first time, it’s the first time that…, it is time that…

　　the first time 可引導狀語從句。

　　for the first time 只能用作句子的狀語,不可用來引導狀語從句,它不具有連詞的功能。

　　It / This / That is / was the first / second…time +that–clause是個很重要的句型,其用法是：當前面的be 動詞是is 時,后面的句子用現在完成時;當前面是was 時,后面句子用過去完成時,其表達的意思是“某人第幾次做某事”。

　　It is / was (high) time that sb. should do sth. / did sth.也是一個常用句型,其意義是“到了做某事的時候了”,相當于It is / was time for sb. to do sth.,這一句型的should一般不可省略。

　　This is the first time that I have been here.

　　這是我第一次來這兒。

　　The first time I saw him, he was cleaning the room.

　　我第一次見到他的時候,他正在清掃房間。

　　It’s time he got himself a proper job.

　　他該給自己找一份合適的工作了。

　　Which English?

　　選修 8

　　1

　　1. The quality of someone’s voice and

　　their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable, even though you can’t see him or her.

　　一個人的音質及措詞都能讓這個人立即被辨認出來,即使看不見是誰。

　　2. Perhaps correctness doesn't matter — as long as speakers can understand each other — it's communication that counts.

　　也許正確與否不要緊——只要說話的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。

　　重點句型

　　3. Experts are convinced that this will

　　happen in the future as more and more people

　　learn English and call it their own.

　　專家相信,當越來越多的人學習英語并稱其為自己的語言時,這種情況將會發生。

　　重點句型

　　The quality of someone’s voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable, even though you can’t see him or her.

　　一個人的音質及措詞都能讓這個人立即被辨認出來，即使看不見是誰。

　　(1) even if / though 表“即使”,引導讓步狀語從句。從句可用陳述語氣或虛擬語氣。

　　句型探究

　　Even though we have made progress, we should not be proud.

　　即使我們取得了進步,也不應該驕傲。

　　Even if you were a doctor, you could not save her life.

　　即使你是醫生,你也救不了她。

　　Even if it rains tomorrow,I will go climbing.

　　即使明天下雨,我也要去爬山。

　　句型探究

　　(2) instantly adv.立即地,即刻地

　　conj. 一……就……

　　The boss wants the job done instantly.

　　老板要求馬上完成這個工作。

　　I called him up immediately I arrived there.

　　我一到那就給他打電話。

　　句型探究

　　The Conquest of the Universe

　　選修 8

　　1

　　1. It happened so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock.

　　事情發生得太突然了,因此每個人都處在一種震驚狀態當中。

　　2. In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.

　　盡管我們掌握了現在的全部先進技術,我們這個世界依然只處于太空旅行的起步階段。

　　重點句型

　　3. This is consistent with many religious faiths, which stress rational thought,personal dignity and a devotion to praying for holy understanding…

　　這與許多宗教信仰是一致的,強調理性思考,個人尊嚴以及專注于祈求主神的理解……

　　4. The Force is similar to Qi, a stable balance of Yin and Yang forces to human beings and the environment.

　　“大能”與“氣”相似,是對人類和環境的陰陽之力的一種穩定平衡。

　　5. Incredible as it may seem,both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that…

　　盡管看起來不可思議,但科學觀測以及我們肉眼看到的證據都必然會讓我們做出一個設想……

　　重點句型

　　6. Orson Welles had managed to set in motion a panic across America.

　　奧森·韋爾斯成功地引起了美國人的恐慌。

　　重點句型

　　1. In spite of all our advanced technology,

　　the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space.

　　盡管我們掌握了現在的全部先進技術,我們這個世界依然只處于太空旅行的起步階段。

　　at the very beginning of 在……一開始的時候(后接表時間或事情的名詞)

　　at the very beginning of the year

　　年初

　　句型探究

　　at the beginning

　　從一開始;開始;年初

　　to begin with

　　首先,第一

　　from beginning to end

　　從頭到尾,自始至終

　　in the beginning

　　當初,開始時

　　To begin with, she is too young for that kind

　　of job.

　　首先,她做這種工作年紀還太小。

　　I want to know about this thing now from beginning to end.

　　現在我要知道此事的始終。

　　2. Incredible as it may seem, both the observations

　　of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that…

　　盡管看起來不可思議,但科學觀測以及我們肉眼

　　看到的證據都必然會讓我們做出一個設想……

　　Incredible as it may seem = Although it may seem incredible,這是由as 引導的讓步狀語從句,

　　用倒裝結構。

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　雖然他是個孩子，但懂的東西很多。

　　句型探究

　　The Tang Poems

　　選修 8

　　重點句型

　　1. Like parting day I’ll part from you.

　　落日故人情(我就如落日依山那樣對你依依不舍)。

　　2. As he was not so successful as some of the other young men of his time…

　　由于他當時沒有取得同其他年輕人一樣的成功………

　　3. It is said that he drowned when he fell into

　　a river while trying to take hold of the reflection