山東省高密市教科院2024屆高三高考二輪復習英語《完型填空之夾敘夾議》學案
專題導讀
夾敘夾議的文章是高考完形填空題中最有難度的,也是最熱點的一類體裁。所選文章語言地道、寓意深刻、可讀性強。此類完形填空一般有以下三種結構特點:
1. 事例——觀點。先敘述作者自己親歷或所見所聞的一件事情,然后針對這件事情發表自己對生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理。
2. 觀點——事例。先提出一種觀點或看法,然后圍繞這一觀點或看法用具體的事例來說明,一般是一個事例,有時也會用幾個事例從不同的側面加以說明。
3. 觀點——事例——觀點。提出一種觀點或看法,然后用事例說明,最后再進一步闡述或總結自己的觀點。
解題時要做到:
1. 讀好短文首句,琢磨文章內容。完形填空的首句一般不設空,是完整的一句話,信息就從這里開始,它暗示或告訴讀者下文將會說什么。正確的利用首句信息對于把握文章大意是極其重要和有效的。
2. 感受文體風格,領會作者意圖。文章的寫作風格往往能表現出作者的思想傾向和情感態度,因此分析作者是否一直用某種態度敘述某件事情,就能正確把握作者的思想情感。
真題典例
[2011·江蘇卷]
A boy was walking home from school when he saw a large, tempting(誘人的) apple on one of the branches of an apple tree hanging out over a tall fence. The boy wasn't much of a fruit- eater,__1__a bar of chocolate if given the choice,__2__, as they say, the forbidden fruit can be tempting. Seeing the apple, the boy wanted it. The more he looked at it, the__3__he felt and the more he wanted that apple.
He stood on tiptoe(腳尖),__4__as high as he could, but even at his tallest__5__he was unable to touch it. He began to__6__up and down, as high as he could, at the__7__of each jump stretching his arms to get the apple. Still it remained out of__8__.
Not giving up, he thought, if only he had something to__9__on. His school bag wouldn't give enough height and he didn't want to__10__the things inside, like his lunch box, pencil case, and Gameboy.
Looking__11__, he hoped he might find an old box, a rock, or,__12__luck, even a ladder, but it was a tidy neighbourhood and there was nothing he could use.
He had tried everything he could think to do.__13__seeing any other choices, he gave up and started to walk__14__. At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his__15__, and how he really wanted that apple. The more he__16__like this, the more unhappy he became.__17__, the boy of our story was a pretty smart guy, even if he couldn't always get what he wanted. He started to say to himself,“This isn't__18__. I don't have the apple and I'm feeling miserable as well. There's__19__more I can do to get the apple — that is unchangeable — but we are supposed to be able to__20__our feelings. If that's the case, what can I do to feel better?”
()1.A.preferring B. offering
C.
receiving D. allowing
()2.A.so
B. then C.but
D. or()3.A. sadder
B. angrier C. hungrier D. tastier
()4.A. expanding B. stretching
C. swinging
D.pulling
()5.A.strength B. length C.range
D. height
()6.A. jump B. look C. walk
D. glance
()7.A.tip
B. stage
C.top
D. level()8.A.hope
B. hand
C.sight
D. reach()9.A. put
B. stand
C. get
D. hold()10.A.break
B. shakeC.take
D. strike()11.A.up
B. forward
C. down
D. around()12.A.for
B. with C. on
D. of
()13.A.After B. Through
C. Without D. Upon()14.A.back B. awayC. up
D. down
()15.A.wishes
B. beliefs
C. efforts
D. goals()16.A. thought B. imaginedC. tried
D. claimed
()17.A.Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Otherwise()18.A.skilful
B. cheerful C. harmful
D. helpful()19.A.something
B. anything C. everything
D. nothing()20.A.change
B. expressC. forget
D. describe
【要點綜述】 本文屬夾敘夾議文。主要講述了一個男孩放學回家途中看到蘋果樹上高高掛著的蘋果,盡力想摘下,無論他如何努力,始終沒有摘下蘋果,最終只能放棄回家,不過他越想越不開心。本文說明了面對我們無法改變的事實時,我們應該能夠及時改變自我看法,這樣會感覺更好。
1.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。A項意為“喜愛,寧可”;B項意為“提供”;C項意為“接受”;D項意為“允許”。句意為:小男孩并不是很喜歡水果的。如果讓他選擇的話,他寧愿(prefer)吃一根巧克力棒。
2.C 考查并列連詞。句意為:就像人們常說的,越是被禁止的東西誘惑力越強。和上文不喜愛吃水果形成對比關系,所以選擇C表示轉折。
3.C 考查形容詞比較等級詞義辨析。A項意為“更難過”;B項意為“更生氣”;C項意為“更餓”;D項意為“味道更好”。句意為:他越看蘋果,就感到越餓,就越想要擁有蘋果。故選擇C項。
4.B 考查動詞詞義辨析。A項意為“擴展”;B項意為“延伸”;C項意為“搖擺”;D項意為“拖”。句意為:他踮起腳尖,手盡可能伸高。所以用stretch表示“延伸”。5.D 考查名詞詞義辨析。A項意為“力量”;B項意為“長度”;C項意為“范圍”;D項意為“高度”。句意為:以他手伸的最高度也不能夠著蘋果。所以選擇D項height。
6.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意為:他開始上下跳得盡可能高來夠蘋果。所以本題選擇A項jump。
7.C 考查名詞詞義辨析。A項意為“尖,尖端”;B項意為“階段,舞臺”;C項意為“頂部”;D項意為“水平,平面”。句意為:在他跳到最高點時伸長他的胳膊去夠蘋果。故選C項at the top of在……頂點。8.D 考查名詞詞義辨析。A項意為“希望”;B項意為“手”;C項意為“視覺,視野”;D項意為“范圍,延伸”。句意為:雖然跳得很高,但是仍舊夠不著。out of reach“夠不著”,是固定搭配。
9.B 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意為:他沒有放棄,他認為要是有個東西墊高站在上面就好了。have something to stand on表示“有東西可站”。故選B項。
10.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。A項意為“破損,弄壞”;B項意為“搖動”;C項意為“拿走”;D項意為“撞擊,打”。句意為:他的書包不能墊起很高,而且他也不想弄壞(break)里面的東西,像午餐盒、鉛筆盒和玩具。11.D 考查動詞短語辨析。look up“抬頭看,查找”;look forward“向前看,展望”;look down“向下看”;look around“四處張望”。除了書包外,他只有四處張望尋找,希望能找到一個舊盒子、石頭等可以墊高的東西,故選D項around。
12.B 考查介詞的用法。希望找到東西,運氣好的話,甚至能找到一架梯子,但是最終什么也沒找到。with luck表示“一切順利的話,運氣好的話”。
13.C 考查介詞的用法。他已經嘗試了能想到的。別無選擇了他只能放棄了,所以這里選用C項without。14.B 考查副詞的用法。放棄了夠蘋果,他離去了(walk away)。
15.C 考查名詞詞義辨析。A項意為“希望”;B項意為“信仰,理念”;C項意為“努力”;D項意為“目標”。句意為:起初他感到氣憤、失望,想到自己那么努力就不高興,而且他真的很想擁有那個蘋果。所以本題選擇C項efforts。
16.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。B項意為“想象”;D項意為“宣稱”。句意為:他想得越多,就越不高興。根據句意可知選用A項thought。17.B 考查副詞詞義辨析。A項意為“因此”;B項意為“然而”;C項意為“而且”;D項意為“否則”。句意為:然而(however),故事中的男孩是一個聰明的孩子,即使他總是得不著他想要的東西。此處是與上文形成對比,所以選B項表示轉折。
18.D 考查形容詞詞義辨析。A項意為“熟練的,靈巧的”;B項意為“快樂的”;C項意為“有害的”;D項意為“有益的”。句意為:他自言自語道,這(生氣)無益,我沒有蘋果而且我也感到痛苦。19.D 考查不定代詞的用法。句意為:我再沒有什么可做的去摘到蘋果了,這已是不變的事實。不過,我們應該能夠改變自己內心的感受(即別去生氣了)。因此選擇D項。
20.A 考查動詞詞義辨析。A項意為“改變”;B項意為“表達”;C項意為“忘記”;D項意為“描述”。新題預測
(一)
A prisoner picked up 1,000 yuan in the course of building the road outside the prison. He handed it
__1__
without hesitation. However, someone in
__2__
of the prison said to him in contempt, “Stop cheating! With your own money, play such a
__3__
to bribe me; what you want to gain back is the reduced
__4__; people of your
__5__ are not honest.”In total
__6__, the prisoner believed that no one in the world would trust him any more. So he escaped from
__7__
that night.
On his way to
__8__, he
grabbed money and other things without restraint. After getting enough pelf, he took a train
__9__
for the border. The carriages were so
__10__
that he had to stand close to a water closet. At this moment, a quite beautiful girl walked into the closet, and found that the latch was broken when she closed the door. She stepped out and
__11__
to him, “Sir, could you
__12__
the door for me?”
In a daze for a second, he, looking into the pure eyes of the girl,
__13__
his head. The girl went into the closet with a blush and he guarded the door tightly like a
__14__
guard.
At that very moment, he changed his mind
__15__. At the next
__16__
he got off the train, and went to give himself
__17__
to the police at the train station.
__18__
is the most precious thing in this world. It cannot be bought, or gained by temptation or force. It
__19__
deep from one's soul, and lives in the clear spring of the soul. It can redeem the soul and make the soul and the heart
__20__
of purity and confidence.
()1.A.in
B.out
C.on
D.Over(
)2.A.terms
B.search
C.face
D.Charge()3.A.part
B.game
C.trick
D.Role()4.A.sentence B.money
C.damage D.labour()5.A.fellow
B.sort
C.age
D.Status()6.A.stress
B.poverty
C.need
D.Despair()7.A.yard
B.prison
C.gate
D.Guard()8.A.station
B.airport
C.flight
D.Border
()9.A.heading B.rushing
C.running D.Wandering()10.A.clean
B.crowded
C.dirty
D.Noisy()11.A.shouted B.smiled
C.whispered D.Cried()12.A.mend
B.repair
C.find
D.guard()13.A.shook B.nodded
C.lowered D.Raised()14.A.loyal
B.careful
C.poor
D.Wise()15.A.suddenly B.finally
C.hesitantly D.Quickly()16.A.village B.city
C.port
D.stop()17.A.in
B.up
C.away
D.Out()18.A.Friendship B.Love
C.Trust
D.Confidence()19.A.comes
B.keeps
C.results D.Removes()20.A.aware
B.afraid
C.filled
D.full(一)
【要點綜述】 在這世界上,信任是一種彌足珍貴的東西,沒有人能用金錢買得到,也沒有人可以用利誘和武力爭取得到。它來自一個人的靈魂深處,也活在靈魂的清泉里,它可以拯救靈魂,讓心靈充滿純潔和自信。
1.A 這里指犯人撿到錢,不假思索地把它交了上去。hand in意為“交上,提交”;hand out意為“分發”;hand on意為“傳遞,轉交”;hand over意為“移交,交給”。2.D 句意:負責管理監獄的人卻輕蔑地對他說…… in terms of意為“在……方面,就……來說,以……的角度”;in search of意為“尋找,搜尋”;in face of意為“面對”;in charge of意為“負責,主管,負責管理”。
3.C 管理監獄的人認為這個犯人是在用自己的錢耍詭計來賄賂他。play a trick耍陰謀詭計。
4.A 管理者認為犯人賄賂他的目的是想得到減刑。由reduced可知答案選A。sentence意為“宣判,判決,刑罰”。5.B 句意:你們這種人不會誠實的。sort意為“某一種人,某一類人”;status意為“地位,身份”。
6.D 這里指沒人相信他的誠實,犯人很絕望。in despair絕望地,失望地。
7.B 句意:這個犯人萬念俱灰,心想,這世界上再也不會有人相信他了。于是那天晚上他越獄了。escape from prison意為“越獄”。
8.C 句意:在亡命的途中,他大肆搶劫錢財。flight在此處意為“逃脫,逃離”。其他選項在文章中并沒有相應的線索。
9.A 句意:在搶得足夠的錢財后,犯人乘上開往邊境的火車。head for走向,朝……方向前進。
10.B 根據he had to stand close to a water closet.可知車廂上很擠。crowded意為“擁擠的,塞滿的”。
11.C 姑娘要上廁所,關門時卻發現門扣壞了,于是向這個犯人求助,請他把門,這是較為尷尬的事情,肯定不是shout(喊叫)、smile(微笑)和cry(哭喊),而是whisper(低聲說出)。
12.D 根據下文中he guarded the door tightly…可知此處選guard,表示姑娘請求這個犯人為她把門。13.B 聯系下文可知犯人答應了,所以“點頭”(nod his head)。
14.A 姑娘紅著臉進了廁所,而他像個忠誠的衛士一樣嚴守著門。loyal意為“忠誠的,忠心的”。
15.A 聯系前文的越獄,可知犯人在此時突然改變主意。suddenly意為“突然地”;hesitantly意為“遲疑地,躊躇地”。
16.D 下火車當然是在“下一站”。stop意為“站,車站”。
17.B 犯人下了車,到車站派出所投案自首。give oneself up to向……自首;向……投降。18.C 犯人最初是因為管理人員的不信任而越獄,后來又因為姑娘的信任而醒悟自首,可知本文旨在討論“信任”,故選C。
19.A 句意:信任來自于一個人的靈魂深處,也活在靈魂的清泉里。come from意為“來自”;keep from意為“阻止,忍住”;result from意為“起因于,由……造成”;remove from意為“除掉,移動”。