Unit4　Wildlife protection

　　1、contain vt.

　　根據(jù)語境猜詞義

　　(1)He opened the bag, which contained a razor, soap, and a towel.

　　(2)He was so excited he could hardly contain himself.

　　(3)The auditorium will contain 3,000 people.

　　根據(jù)語義找匹配：A. 容納　B. 裝有　C. 克制、抑制

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　container n. 容器，器皿，集裝箱，貨柜

　　contained adj. 從容的，泰然自若的

　　containerize vt. 用集裝箱運(yùn)輸

　　include/contain/hold

　　include強(qiáng)調(diào)“包括，作為整體的一部分”，側(cè)重范圍或整體。其后的賓語往往是主語的一部分。include的分詞短語常在句中作狀語，用于名詞前用including，用于名詞后用included。

　　contain 著重“其中包含有”，指在一定范圍或容器內(nèi)容納某物，側(cè)重包含的內(nèi)容或成分。其賓語與主語常是同位關(guān)系，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。此外，contain還有“控制，克制”之意。

　　hold指“能容納”。

　　巧記：

　　A container contains all kinds of fruits, which include pineapples. contain的賓語與主語不同類。include的賓語與主語是同類之物。fruit與container不同類，用contain。pineapple與fruit是同類之物，所以用include。

　　用上述單詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空

　　(1) The book contains ten chapters, including American Literature.

　　(2) This kind of fruit contains lots of vitamin C and B, vitamin D included.

　　(3) The hall holds 200 people.

　　2、affect vt.

　　根據(jù)語境猜詞義

　　(1) Their opinion will not affect my decision.

　　(2) We are deeply affected by his devotion to work.

　　根據(jù)語義找匹配：A. 影響　B. 使感動(dòng)

　　(1) A　(2) B

　　affect sb. to tears把某人感動(dòng)得流淚

　　be greatly affected很受感動(dòng)

　　be affected by heat中暑

　　be affected with high fever發(fā)高燒

　　affect/effect/influence

　　affect vt. 表示“影響，(病)侵襲”，多指不好的影響。當(dāng)affect的賓語是人時(shí)，它表示引起心智上或感情上的影響，即“使……感動(dòng)”。

　　effect 表示“影響”時(shí)，是名詞，指由于某種原因直接產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，常用于have an effect on對(duì)……有影響； in effect正在實(shí)行；實(shí)際上； side effect副作用； take effect開始實(shí)行，開始生效； without effect沒有效果； come into effect生效，實(shí)施；bring/carry sth. into effect使……生效； be of no effect 無效果。

　　influence多指對(duì)人的思想、觀念、心理情緒等內(nèi)在的東西產(chǎn)生潛移默化的影響，或?qū)θ说臎Q定、行為等造成某種程度的影響。

　　單項(xiàng)填空

　　()Sichuan Province ______by the earthquake，causing difficulties to the post-festival road transport.

　　A. were affected

　　B. was affected

　　C. had effected

　　D. has affected

　　B

　　考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。affect 為動(dòng)詞，意思是“影響；感動(dòng)”；effect為名詞，意思是“影響；效果”。按照句意選擇B。

　　3、appreciate vt.

　　根據(jù)語境猜詞義

　　(1) His works were not appreciated until after his death.

　　(2) Her abilities are not fully appreciated by her employer.

　　(3) I don't think you appreciate the danger of this job.

　　(4) I appreciated his help when I prepared for the entrance exams.

　　根據(jù)語義找匹配：

　　A. 賞識(shí)　B. 重視　C. 察知　D. 感激

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C　(4) D

　　appreciate ＋ n. /doing感激(欣賞；覺得……)

　　appreciate it＋if從句 如果……，將不勝感激

　　appreciate / enjoy 這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含“欣賞”之意。

　　appreciate多用于文學(xué)方面，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)事物有深入的理解能力，且能鑒賞。

　　To appreciate the jokes of crosstalk artists, listeners have to know very well what the comedians are talking about.

　　enjoy普通用詞，使用廣泛，程度不及appreciate，多指從外界事物中得到喜悅與滿足，領(lǐng)略到樂趣，享受意味強(qiáng)。

　　Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.

　　單項(xiàng)填空

　　()(1) I would appreciate ______ if you would let me know in advance whether you will be coming or not.

　　A. that

　　B. it

　　C. you

　　D. this

　　B　考查動(dòng)詞的用法。appreciate其后不接人，排除D，這里所要感激的事情是if you would let me know in advance whether you will be coming or not，為了避免頭重腳輕現(xiàn)象，所以用it作為形式賓語。

　　()(2) I really appreciate ______to relax with you on this magic island.

　　A. having time

　　B. to have time

　　C. to have had time

　　D. to having time

　　A　考查動(dòng)詞的用法。當(dāng)appreciate后接非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它只能用v.-ing形式，所以答案是A。

　　()(3) I appreciated ______back and greeting that afternoon after our departure.

　　A. you to call

　　B. you calling

　　C. you called

　　D. you call

　　3、appreciate vt.

　　B　考查動(dòng)詞的用法。當(dāng)appreciate后接非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它只能用v.-ing形式，如果非謂語動(dòng)詞有其邏輯主語時(shí)，使用n./代詞＋v.-ing形式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，所以答案是B。

　　4、 die out

　　根據(jù)語境猜詞義

　　(1) Many traditional customs have died_out because they are out of date.

　　(2) Many animals have died_out in the past.

　　(3)The fire is dying_out. You'd better add some firewood.

　　根據(jù)語義找匹配

　　A. 滅絕　B. 熄滅　C. 風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣逐漸消失

　　(1) C　(2) A　(3) B

　　die from 表示死于(槍)傷、虛弱、過度勞累、飲食過量等。

　　die of 表示死于疾病、饑餓、寒冷、年老、憂愁、失戀等精神因素。

　　die out “滅絕，消失”。多指物種的滅絕或風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣的消失，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)束。

　　die away慢慢消失。(多指聲音、光線、風(fēng)等)逐漸減弱，逐漸模糊，逐漸消失。強(qiáng)調(diào)過程。

　　die down (多指火、興奮、光線、暴風(fēng)雨等)逐漸變?nèi)酢⑵较ⅲ饾u暗淡，逐漸降低。表示過程，常可與die away 替換。

　　die off (多指家族、草木等)相繼死去，先后死亡。

　　單項(xiàng)填空

　　()(1) Unfortunately, the soldier died______ a wound in the chess.

　　A. from

　　B. out

　　C. off

　　D. down

　　4、 die out

　　A　考查die的短語搭配辨析。按照句意此處soldier的死因應(yīng)該是槍傷，故用die from。

　　()(2) Shen Hao died ______ the people, so his death is weightier than Mount Tai.

　　A. from

　　B. of

　　C. for

　　D. because of

　　C　考查die的短語搭配辨析。根據(jù)語義：沈浩是為人民而死，所以他的死重于泰山。

　　用die相關(guān)短語的正確形式填空

　　(3) As the region is becoming hotter, this kind of grass is dying off.

　　(4) Their chatters and laughter died away as the group rushed out of the classroom.

　　(5) When all the guests had left, the whole house died down.

　　(6) We need to take action before all the endangered animals have died out.

　　5、protect…from/against

　　根據(jù)語境感悟語義

　　(1)You must learn to protect yourself from the danger.

　　(2)He raised his arm to protect his child from hurt.

　　(3)They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.

　　根據(jù)語境和語義protect…from…意為：______。

　　保護(hù)……以免受到……的傷害

　　表示“阻止某人做某事/阻止某事發(fā)生”的短語有：

　　prevent sb./sth. (from)doing sth.

　　stop sb./sth. (from)doing sth.

　　keep sb. from doing sth. (from不可省略)

　　ban sb./sth. (from)doing sth. (＝forbid sb. to do sth.) 禁止某人做某事

　　注意：keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人不斷做某事

　　(1) protect against和protect from意思相似，有時(shí)可互換，但是，對(duì)于較大的事情，如：敵人的入侵、天災(zāi)等，常用protect…against，對(duì)于較小的事情常用protect…from。

　　(2)在protect…from/against…結(jié)構(gòu)中，from和against后面常跟sth.，有時(shí)against后跟being done來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)性。

　　(3)主動(dòng)句中prevent/stop…from…中的from可省略，在被動(dòng)句中from不可省略，而keep…from…中的from無論在主動(dòng)句還是在被動(dòng)句中都不能省略，因?yàn)閗eep sb. doing sth. 的語義是“讓某人一直做某事”。

　　單項(xiàng)填空

　　()(1)He is wearing sunglasses to ______ his eyes from the strong sunlight.

　　A. protect

　　B. hold

　　C. stop

　　D. prevent

　　()(2)The umbrella can ______ you from the rain.

　　A. stop

　　B. prevent

　　C. protect

　　D. keep

　　(1)A　(2)C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。prevent sb. from doing sth.防止某人干某事，意思類似于stop/keep sb. from doing sth.；protect sb. from sth.保護(hù)某人免遭……傷害。

　　6、come into being

　　根據(jù)語境猜詞義

　　(1) I don't exactly know when the universe came_into_being.

　　(2) When did the club come_into_being?

　　(3) Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came_into_being with the advent of agriculture.

　　根據(jù)語義找匹配：A. 成立 　B. 形成 　C. 產(chǎn)生

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C

　　come into operation 開始運(yùn)行；生效

　　come into office 就職

　　come into power 當(dāng)權(quán)；執(zhí)政

　　come into use 投入使用

　　come into force 生效；實(shí)施

　　come into effect 生效

　　come into view/ sight 在視野內(nèi)；看見

　　come into fashion 開始流行；風(fēng)靡

　　come into season 正合時(shí)令

　　()(1) People in the town will benefit from the law after it ______next month.

　　A. comes into use

　　B. comes into power

　　C. comes into effect

　　D. comes into being

　　C　考查短語語義辨析。come into use投入使用； come into power執(zhí)政； come into effect生效；come into being產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)語境：法律下個(gè)月生效，所以答案是C。

　　()(2) The town came into ______ as we turned around the corner.

　　A. being

　　B. use

　　C. fashion

　　D. sight

　　D　考查短語語義辨析。根據(jù)語境：拐個(gè)彎就能看到，所以答案是D。

　　()(3) After a heated discussion, a new plan came______ being, which would have a great effect ______ the study of the students.

　　A. into; for

　　B. to; to

　　C. from; at

　　D. into; on

　　D　考查短語搭配。根據(jù)短語的搭配，come into being和have an effect on, 所以答案是D。

　　7、There_were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in China. (P30)

　　當(dāng)時(shí)有許多不同種類的恐龍，其中有很多種類曾經(jīng)生活在中國。

　　“There be ＋名詞”是英語中最為常用的句式之一，表示“某處存在某物”。在使用中，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　(1)there be 中的be動(dòng)詞的數(shù)的變化要依據(jù)“就近原則”，即與它距離最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。

　　There is a pen and two pencils in the pencil box.

　　There are two pencils and a pen in the pencil box.

　　(2)由于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞，因此之后出現(xiàn)的所有動(dòng)詞都是非謂語動(dòng)詞，在使用中，我們務(wù)必注意非謂語動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。

　　非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 與主語的關(guān)系 所發(fā)生的時(shí)間

　　There be+名詞+非謂語動(dòng)詞 to do 主動(dòng) 將來

　　to be done 被動(dòng)

　　doing 主動(dòng) 正在發(fā)生、一直發(fā)生

　　done 被動(dòng) 完成

　　Hurry up! There is no time to go.

　　You mustn't leave now, because there is a lot of work to be done.

　　There is a person waiting for you outside.

　　Hurry up! There is no time left.

　　(3)there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式要依據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中的結(jié)構(gòu)確定。

　　I want there to be a vase in the center of the table.

　　There being no bus, we had to walk home.

　　你知道這道題該如何解答嗎？

　　()______， so we had to walk home.

　　A. There being no bus

　　B. Being no bus

　　C. There was no bus

　　D. No bus

　　C　考查了獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句的關(guān)系。當(dāng)在語句中有并列連詞時(shí)，這就說明這是一個(gè)并列句，前后都是完整的句子，所以本題也就用了There was no bus。如果沒有并列連詞so，就說明它是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，用There being no bus。

　　(4) there be結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞形式

　　there be結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞形式是借助時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞或“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be動(dòng)詞”的正確形式表達(dá)。

　　There is going to be a class meeting in our classroom this afternoon and there may be an important thing to be discussed.

　　(5) there be結(jié)構(gòu)的變體和運(yùn)用

　　There happen to be… 碰巧有……

　　There stand / lie /come/ go / remain/ live… 有……

　　There seem to be… 似乎有……；好像有……

　　恰當(dāng)使用There be 結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)給你的書面表達(dá)增添靈氣，讓你的作品更加靈動(dòng)。

　　There stands a tall teaching building in the center of our school. 在學(xué)校中央屹立著一幢高高的教學(xué)樓。

　　There lies a quiet small stream in the mountain village.

　　一條小溪靜靜地躺在山寨里。

　　(6) 常用句型

　　There is no need to do sth. 沒必要做某事

　　There is no doubt that… ……毋庸置疑

　　There was a time when… 曾幾何時(shí)……According_to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years. (P30)

　　()(2009·江蘇) This special school accepts all disabled students, ______ educational level and background.

　　A. according to

　　B. regardless of

　　C. in addition to

　　D. in terms of

　　B　according to 根據(jù)； regardless of 不管，不顧； in addition to 另外； in terms of 就……而言。 這所特殊學(xué)校接收所有的殘疾學(xué)生，不管他們的教育水平和背景如何。