專題三　形容詞和副詞

　　一、概念

　　形容詞是用來修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)狀態(tài)或特征的詞。

　　副詞主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)的詞。

　　二、用法

　　形容詞在句中可以充當(dāng)定語修飾名詞、代詞，也可作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)和特征，也可作補(bǔ)語和狀語。副詞在句中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、從句等，也可修飾整個(gè)句子。

　　What an interesting role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.

　　His daughter is shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.

　　You don't have to be angry with him. He merely wanted to know the truth.

　　Only when the war was over did the young soldier return to his hometown.

　　雖然形容詞、副詞的用法繁多，但是高考單選中對他們的考查也是有章可循的，主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面。

　　1．形容詞和副詞在具體語境中的運(yùn)用

　　試題中提供的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均屬于形式相同、意義相異的形容詞或副詞，做題時(shí)必須根據(jù)語境，即根據(jù)上下文的意思或邏輯等來確定選項(xiàng)。

　　Since Tom accidentally downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.

　　It is not socially acceptable for parents to leave children unattended at that age.

　　Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a stable environment.

　　2．形容詞和副詞與其他詞的搭配

　　英語中有些形容詞和副詞與名詞、動詞，或另一形容詞等的搭配與漢語不完全一樣，在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中通過運(yùn)用把它們掌握好。如“大”雨、“濃”霧中的“大、濃”，英語中用heavy；漢語中說人數(shù)“多”，英語中卻用large；漢語中說睡得“香”，英語中卻說soundly等。

　　We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining heavily.

　　The number of people present at the concert was much smaller than expected.

　　This kind of music is well worth listening to.

　　3.形容詞、副詞比較等的用法

　　同級比較用“as＋原級＋as”，兩者比較用“比較級＋than”，三者或以上比較用“最高級＋in (of)”。

　　Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his best－known one.

　　Alan is a careful driver, but he drives the least carefully of my friends.

　　Little Mary plays the piano as beautifully as her sister.

　　注意：與比較等級有關(guān)的還有幾個(gè)特殊用法需要引起我們的注意。

　　(1)“the＋比較級……，the ＋ 比較級……”表示“越……，越……”之意，前面的句子相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句，一般不用將來時(shí)。

　　The more you use a dictionary, the more useful you will find it to you.

　　The higher you climb the mountain, the less air you can breathe.

　　(2)“the＋比較級＋of the(兩者)”表示“兩者中比較……的”之意。

　　Which is the better of the two books?

　　The younger of the brothers is much clever.

　　(3)“a＋最高級”不表示“最……”，而表示“非常”。

　　This is a most difficult lesson in this book.

　　She is a most mysterious person.

　　4．形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的修飾語

　　修飾比較級可用far, even, still, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no, very much等，修飾最高級可用 (by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, by no means, very, second, next 等。

　　—Are you going to the cinema this evening?

　　—No, the ticket is far too expensive for us.

　　The number of people at the concert is much smaller than expected.

　　Canada is the second largest country in the world.

　　5．形容詞和副詞辨析

　　英語中有些形容詞和副詞意思相同或相近，有時(shí)詞形相近，但用法有區(qū)別，這些詞也是單選的重點(diǎn)。

　　形容詞：calm, quiet, still, silent, common, usual, regular, ordinary, likely, probable, possible

　　副詞：fast, quickly, rapidly, very, far, quite, rather, hardly, mostly, almost, nearly

　　They will go fishing because the sea is calm.

　　The students were quiet when the teacher came into the classroom.

　　When I asked her where she had put the dictionary, she kept silent.

　　Please stay still when I take a photo of you.

　　6．多個(gè)形容詞的排列順序

　　一個(gè)名詞有多個(gè)形容詞修飾時(shí)其排列順序通常為：描繪形容詞→大小(長短高低)形容詞→形狀形容詞→年齡(新舊)形容詞→顏色形容詞→國籍形容詞→材料形容詞→用途(類別)形容詞→名詞(動名詞)。

　　The child dreamed that he had once lived in a pretty little wooden house in the forest.

　　It is said that ten strong young Chinese students are required to take part in the boat race.

　　7．something, anything等不定代詞的修飾語

　　形容詞用來修飾some, any, every和no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)要后置。

　　There is nothing interesting in today's newspaper.

　　I must have my car repaired because there is something wrong with it.

　　8．以a開頭的形容詞

　　afraid, asleep, awake, alive, aware, alike, ashamed等形容詞通常在句中作表語和補(bǔ)語。

　　Are you aware that you are sitting on my hat?

　　The witch put the princess under a spell, and she fell asleep for ten years.

　　When the mother went into the room, she found the baby awake.

　　9.副詞enough的位置

　　enough修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)要后置。

　　He is old enough to support himself.

　　Sorry. You didn't say it clearly enough.

　　10．有－ly與無－ly的副詞

　　有些單詞本身是副詞，加上－ly后同樣是副詞。一般無ly的副詞表示具體的含義，而有l(wèi)y的副詞表示抽象的含義。

　　close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔細(xì)地”。

　　late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”。

　　deep意思是“深”，表示空間深度；deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。

　　high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當(dāng)于much。

　　wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是“廣泛地；在許多地方”。

　　free的意思是“免費(fèi)”；freely 的意思是“無限制地”。

　　高考真題探究（2006—2011年）

　　【2011全國卷,30】The form cannot be signed by anyone

　　yourself.

　　A.rather than

　　B.other than

　　C.more than

　　D.better than

　　B

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查副詞短語的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“這張表格只能由你本人簽字。”rather than而不；other than除了，相當(dāng)于but和except；more than不僅僅；better than比…多、好。選B。

　　2011全國卷II,12】It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is

　　another to play it well yourself.

　　A. quite

　　B. very

　　C. rather

　　D. much

　　A

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查程度副詞的區(qū)別。

　　【解析】句意為“欣賞好的音樂是一回事，但是自己把它演奏好完全是另一回事。”表示“很，非常”時(shí)，very用來修飾形容詞、副詞或分詞形容詞，much用來修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級、最高級，也可修飾形容詞性的過去分詞或描述性形容詞的原級；quite和rather都可修飾名詞，但rather多用于貶義；another指的是another thing，這個(gè)名詞受quite的修飾。因此選A。

　　2011全國卷II,17】Mr. Stevenson is great to work for ——I really couldn't ask for a _______ boss.

　　A. better

　　B. good

　　C. best

　　D. still better

　　A

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查比較級的否定用法。

　　【解析】句意為“為Stevenson先生工作真好，我實(shí)在找不到比他更好的老板了。”否定詞couldn't與better連用，表示“非常好”，等于最高級；still better不能用于否定句中。因此選A。

　　2011上海春招,28】You’d be exposed to a lot ______ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.

　　A. more B. most C. less D. least

　　C

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞比較級的用法。

　　【解析】句意為“如果我們搬到空氣清新、水質(zhì)純凈的小鎮(zhèn)去，我們受到的污染將會少得多。”空格前的a lot修飾比較級more或less，根據(jù)后面的語意，選C。

　　2011江蘇卷,25】In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _________.

　　A．special

　　B．regional

　　C．optional

　　D．original

　　C

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“在那所學(xué)校，英語是學(xué)生的必修課，而法語和俄語是選修課。”special特別的，特意的；regional地區(qū)的，地方的；optional可選擇的；original原始的，最初的。句中由but進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，由此可知法語和俄語不是必修課而是可以選修，所以正確答案為C。

　　2011福建卷,30】Nowedays, there is a

　　increase in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to drevelop their talents.

　　A.sharp

　　B.slight

　　C.natural

　　D.modest

　　A

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“現(xiàn)在的孩子們在創(chuàng)造力上有很大的提高，因?yàn)樗麄儽粯O力地鼓勵(lì)著去發(fā)展他們的天賦。”sharp明顯的，急劇的；slight輕微的，稍稍的；natural自然的，天生的；modest謙虛的，不過分的。因此選A。

　　2011安徽卷,31】_____, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.

　　A. Hopefully

　　B. Normally

　　C. Thankfully

　　D. Conveniently

　　C

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查副詞的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“慶幸的是，我終于打完了比賽，其中的辛苦沒有白費(fèi)。”hopefully充滿希望地；normally正常地；thankfully慶幸地；conveniently方便地。根據(jù)句意，選C。

　　2011浙江卷,9】The professor could tell by the

　　___________look in Maria’s eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture

　　A. cold

　　B. blank

　　C. innocent

　　D. fresh

　　B

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“根據(jù)Maria茫然的眼神，這位教授能夠看出她對他所講的內(nèi)容連一個(gè)字也沒有聽懂。”cold冰冷的；blank空虛的，茫然的；innocent無辜的；fresh新鮮的。根據(jù)后面didn't understand，選B。

　　2011浙江卷,13】I’ve been writing this report____ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.

　　A. finally

　　B. immediately

　　C. occasionally

　　D. certainly

　　C

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查副詞的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“在過去的兩周里，我是時(shí)續(xù)時(shí)斷地寫這個(gè)報(bào)告，可是這個(gè)報(bào)告明天就得交了。”finally最終地；immediately立即，馬上；occasionally偶爾地；certainly肯定地。根據(jù)but it has to be handed in tomorrow句意，選C。

　　2011浙江卷,16】My schedule is very ______right now, but I’ll try to fit you in.

　　A. tight

　　B. short

　　C. regular

　　D. flexible

　　A

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“現(xiàn)在，我的計(jì)劃很緊湊，但我會盡力把你安排進(jìn)去。”tight

　　(安排)緊湊的, 緊密的；short簡短的，短缺的, 不夠；regular有規(guī)律的, 定期的，符合規(guī)定的；flexible柔韌的，靈活的，可變通的。

　　2011四川卷,12】——How are your recent trip to Sichuan?

　　——I’ve never had

　　one before.

　　A.a pleasant

　　B.a more pleasant

　　C.a most pleasant

　　D.the most pleasant

　　B

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查比較級的否定用法。

　　【解析】句意為“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么樣？——從來沒有這么愉快過。”否定詞never與a more pleasant連用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高級。the most pleasant是特指，需要有比較的范圍，但是這個(gè)范圍并不存在。因此選B。

　　2011陜西卷,17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be

　　the present one。

　　A.as three times big as

　　B. three times as big as

　　C. as big as three times

　　D. as big three times as

　　B

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法。

　　【解析】句意為“為下一屆亞運(yùn)會而修建的體育館將會是目前的體育館三倍大小。”表示倍數(shù)的詞做修飾語時(shí)，放在as的前面，即“倍數(shù) + as + adj + as”， 因此選B。

　　2011湖北卷,23】The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was________，though slow.

　　A. shaky

　　B. heavy

　　C. casual

　　D. steady

　　D

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“這位年長的工程師，古銅色的臉上布滿皺紋，但目光炯炯。當(dāng)他走過房間時(shí)，步子雖慢但是沉穩(wěn)。”shaky顫抖的；heavy沉重的；casual漠不關(guān)心的，冷淡的；steady穩(wěn)定的。根據(jù)前面的交代，選D。

　　2011湖北卷,24】An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s characters; however, they are not always_________,

　　A. practical

　　B. avoidable

　　C. permanent

　　D. beneficial

　　C

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“不幸的童年可能會對人的性格產(chǎn)生一些消極的影響；然而，這些影響不總是持久的。”practical實(shí)際的，實(shí)用的；avoidable可避免的；permanent永久的，持久的；beneficial有益的。根據(jù)語意，選擇C。

　　2011湖北卷,25】The state-run company is required to make its accounts as_________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.

　　A. transparent

　　B. reasonable

　　C. secure

　　D. formal

　　A

　　【考點(diǎn)】考查形容詞的辨義。

　　【解析】句意為“這家國營企業(yè)被要求財(cái)務(wù)盡可能做到透明，以便公司的員工能對金錢的使用加以監(jiān)督。”transparent透明的；reasonable合理的；secure安全的；formal正式的。根據(jù)句意，選A。

　　2011江西卷24】——The film is , I have to say, not a bit interesting.

　　Why? It’s ______ than the films I have ever seen.

　　A. far more interesting