技巧7

　　通過代詞所指代的內(nèi)容來猜測詞義 例 【解析】通過the injured ones(受傷者)可推測出bully表示“傷害，欺負(fù)”。故選C項(xiàng)。 C 技巧8

　　通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義 例 【解析】根據(jù)合成詞中的mass（大量的）和produce （生產(chǎn)）可推測，mass-produce的意思是“大批量生產(chǎn)；規(guī)模生產(chǎn)”。 大批量生產(chǎn)；規(guī)模生產(chǎn) 技巧8

　　通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義 例 【解析】cloud本為名詞，意為“云”，在本句中作動(dòng)詞。分析語境可知，焦慮會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的判斷，因此cloud在此表示“把……搞糊涂”。 把……搞糊涂 第2部分 閱讀理解 專題19

　　詞義猜測 目 錄

　　600分考點(diǎn)

　　真題例解 Passage 1

　　700分考法

　　完美應(yīng)對 題型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查生詞生義的推測 考法2

　　考查熟詞熟義及熟詞生義的推測 考法3

　　考查it, they, them等代詞的指代對象 考法4

　　考查具有隱含意義的句子 技巧1 通過定義語猜測詞義 技巧3 通過轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來

　　猜測詞義 技巧5 通過文章中的舉例來猜

　　測詞義 技巧7 通過代詞所指代的內(nèi)容

　　猜測詞義 題型應(yīng)考技巧 技巧2 通過同位關(guān)系來猜測詞義 技巧4 通過因果關(guān)系來猜測詞義

　　技巧6 通過上下文語境來猜測詞義

　　技巧8 通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義 Passage 2

　　600分考點(diǎn)

　　真題例解 Passage 1 Passage 2 體裁：說明文

　　主題：藝術(shù)展覽

　　詞數(shù)：221

　　建議用時(shí)：8′

　　Salvador Dali (1904—1989) was one of the most popular modern artists. The Pompidou Center in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programs reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.

　　The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

　　第一段第二句是本段的中心句，說明薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利作品的數(shù)量和種類之多，也是第1題的答案來源。

　　題干定位法：根據(jù)第3題題干可將關(guān)鍵信息定位到第二段第二句，該句介紹了展覽的布展方式：通過時(shí)間和主題。 Passage

　　1 語篇線索 ［課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ 2024·C ］

　　The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (無限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theater in Figueras,” explains the Pompidou Center.

　　The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.

　　通過上下文提供的信息來猜測詞義：最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)了對主要作品進(jìn)行了精選，又提到這次展覽中的很多作品來自其他博物館，得到了同行的大力支持，由此可推測出第4題的答案。 語篇線索 1.Which of the following best

　　describes Dali according to

　　Paragraph 1?

　　A.Optimistic.

　　B.Productive.

　　C.Generous.

　　D.Traditiona 2. What is Dali’s The Persistence of

　　Memory considered to be?

　　A.One of his masterworks.

　　B.A successful screen adaptation.

　　C.An artistic creation for the stage.

　　D.One of the best TV programs. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文介紹了巴黎蓬皮杜藝術(shù)中心正在展出最受歡迎的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)家之一薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利的藝術(shù)作品，并對此次展覽的作品、形式、展品的來源等進(jìn)行了介紹。

　　1.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句 … with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.可知，達(dá)利的作品數(shù)量很多，這和productive（多產(chǎn)的）相呼應(yīng)。

　　2.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. 可知，《記憶的永恒》是達(dá)利的代表作之一。 3. How are the exhibits arranged at the

　　World of Dali?

　　A.By popularity.

　　B.By importance.

　　C.By size and shape.

　　D.By time and subject. 4.What does the word

　　“contributions” in the last

　　paragraph refer to?

　　A.Artworks.

　　B.Projects.

　　C.Donations.

　　D.Documents. 3.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.可知，該展覽是根據(jù)時(shí)間和主題來布展的。

　　4.A【解析】詞義猜測題。最后一段提到該展覽中的主要作品是通過與不同機(jī)構(gòu)組織的合作而精選出的，所以contributions應(yīng)指文中的major works，即藝術(shù)品。 體裁：說明文

　　主題：動(dòng)物生存狀態(tài)

　　詞數(shù)：323

　　建議用時(shí)：6′

　　Passenger pigeons (旅鴿) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.

　　It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.

　　Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.

　　第一段給出了關(guān)鍵詞passenger pigeons， once以及in unbelievable numbers。由此可知本文主題為旅鴿的種群數(shù)量問題。 第二段介紹旅鴿先前的數(shù)量之大，與下段形成了鮮明的對比。

　　第三段開頭的關(guān)鍵詞sadly引出一些對旅鴿不利的因素，可推斷出此處是在介紹旅鴿數(shù)量上的變化及變化原因。 Passage

　　2 語篇線索 ［課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ 2024·B ］

　　By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by American’s need for wood, which scattered (驅(qū)散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.

　　In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1990.For a time, a few birds survived under human care.The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914..

　　最后一段開頭指出了一部法律的頒布，通常法律的頒布是好的結(jié)果，但是本文給出的結(jié)果卻事與愿違。因此需要考慮作者點(diǎn)出頒布法律這件事的意圖。

　　語篇線索

　　1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries,

　　　passenger pigeons ______.

　　A.were the biggest bird in the world

　　B.lived mainly in the south of

　　America

　　C.did great harm to the natural

　　environment

　　D.were the largest bird population in

　　the U.S. 2.The underlined word “undoing”

　　probably refers to the pigeons’____.

　　A.escape

　　B.ruin

　　C.liberation

　　D.evolution 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。旅鴿的數(shù)量曾經(jīng)多到飛行時(shí)能夠遮天蔽日，后來人類的濫捕濫殺和對它們棲息地的破壞導(dǎo)致了它們的滅絕。

　　1.D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句可知，18世紀(jì)到19世紀(jì)的文字記載中曾經(jīng)描述過成群的旅鴿飛行時(shí)遮天蔽日的場景。第二段第一句也指出，旅鴿數(shù)量最多時(shí)達(dá)到30多億，占美國鳥類數(shù)量總和的24%—40%，甚至有可能是當(dāng)時(shí)全世界數(shù)量最多的鳥類。由此可以斷定,當(dāng)時(shí)是旅鴿數(shù)量最多的時(shí)候。A、B、C三項(xiàng)文中均未提及，故選D項(xiàng)。

　　2.B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，由于當(dāng)時(shí)人們認(rèn)為旅鴿數(shù)量很多，可以源源不斷地供應(yīng)，因此成千上萬的旅鴿被捕殺。由此可以推斷第三段第一句意為：正是旅鴿的數(shù)量巨大導(dǎo)致了它們種群的滅亡。escape意為“逃跑”；ruin意為“毀滅”；liberation意為“解放”；evolution意為“進(jìn)化”。故選B項(xiàng)。

　　3. What was the main reason for

　　people to kill passenger pigeons?

　　A.To seek pleasure.

　　B.To save other birds.

　　C.To make money.

　　D.To protect crops. 4.What can we infer about the law

　　passed in Michigan?

　　A.It was ignored by the public.

　　B.It was declared too late.

　　C.It was unfair.

　　D.It was strict. 3.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，旅鴿被運(yùn)到大城市，接著又被賣到餐館。由此可以推斷人們捕殺旅鴿主要是為了賺錢。故選C項(xiàng)。

　　4.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句可知，盡管密歇根州在1897年頒布了禁止獵殺旅鴿的法律，但是那個(gè)時(shí)候，當(dāng)?shù)厝艘呀?jīng)有10年沒有見過成群旅鴿的出現(xiàn)了。由此可以推斷，這項(xiàng)法律的頒布有點(diǎn)太遲了。故選B項(xiàng)。

　　700分考法

　　完美應(yīng)對 題型考法解析

　　考法1

　　考查生詞詞義的推測 考法2

　　考查熟詞熟義及熟詞生義的推測 考法3

　　考查it， they， them等代詞的指

　　代對象 考法4

　　考查具有隱含意義的句子 考法1

　　考查生詞詞義的推測 例 ［廣東2024·D］ 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)A recent wide-ranging study of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in a particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society… 可知，90% 的人仍然把自己劃分在一定的階層中；73%的人認(rèn)為階級仍然是英國社會(huì)的一個(gè)重要部分。由此可知畫線詞意為“階級劃分”，故選B項(xiàng)。

　　B 42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3

　　is closest in meaning to______.

　　A.variety

　　B.division

　　C.authority

　　D.qualification 考法2

　　考查熟詞熟義及熟詞生義的推測 例 ［課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ 2024·C］ 【解析】詞義猜測題。最后一段提到該展覽中的主要作品是通過與不同機(jī)構(gòu)組織的合作而精選出的，所以contributions應(yīng)指文中的major works，即藝術(shù)品。故選A項(xiàng)。

　　A 31.What does the word “contributions”

　　in the last paragraph

　　refer to?

　　A. Artworks.

　　B. Projects.

　　C. Donations.

　　D. Documents. 考法3

　　考查it， they， them等代詞的指代對象 例 ［湖南2024·A ］ 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? 以及接下來的一段可知they 指的是cyclists。故選D項(xiàng)。

　　D 59. The underlined word “they” in

　　the third letter refers to_______.

　　A. accidents

　　B. vehicles

　　C. pedestrians

　　D. cyclists 考法4

　　考查具有隱含意義的句子 例 ［福建2024·D ］ 【解析】句意猜測題。最后一段為總結(jié)段落，畫線部分采用了暗喻的修辭方法（從心靈監(jiān)獄中釋放出來），而這里的the jail of your mind指的是第二段第一句中所提到的tension，故選C項(xiàng)。

　　C 70.Which of the following best explains

　　the underlined part in the last

　　paragraph?

　　A. Escape from your punishment.

　　B. Realization of your dreams.

　　C. Freedom from your tension.

　　D. Reduction of your expectations. 題型應(yīng)考技巧 技巧1

　　通過定義語猜測詞義 技巧2

　　通過同位關(guān)系來猜測詞義 技巧3

　　通過轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來猜測詞義 技巧4

　　通過因果關(guān)系來猜測詞義 技巧5

　　通過文章中的舉例來猜測詞義 技巧6

　　通過上下文語境來猜測詞義 技巧7

　　通過代詞所指代的內(nèi)容猜測詞義 技巧8

　　通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義 技巧1

　　通過定義語猜測詞義 例 【解析】由破折號后面的定義可知，這里territory指的是“（動(dòng)物的）地盤”。

　?。▌?dòng)物的）地盤 技巧2

　　通過同位關(guān)系來猜測詞義 例 【解析】由同位語an endangered cat可知ocelots是一種瀕臨滅絕的貓。

　　一種瀕臨滅絕的貓 技巧3

　　通過轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來猜測詞義 例 【解析】 replica 所在的句子中，while連接的兩部分意義上是相對的，故replica與 the real remains是反義關(guān)系，由此可推測replica意為“仿品”。 仿品 技巧4

　　通過因果關(guān)系來猜測詞義 例 【解析】根據(jù)since 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，可以推斷出這里presumptuous的意思是“冒失的;放肆的”，全句的意思為“我覺得既然你是我的上司，那么我告訴你做什么會(huì)顯得我太冒失了”。因此選B項(xiàng)。 B 技巧5

　　通過文章中的舉例來猜測詞義 例 【解析】根據(jù)such as 后面列舉的一系列例子可推斷出句中的issues意思是“議題”。 議題 技巧6

　　通過上下文語境來猜測詞義 例 【解析】由下文的of表示所屬可以判斷出此處的chapter表示“地方分會(huì)，分支”，因此選A項(xiàng)。 A