高考維“升”素2——多元文化

　　（時間：分鐘）

　　高考曾用材料：2024卷B篇

　　選材相似度：★★★★

　　設題相似度：★★★

　　難度系數：★★★

　　Newspaper is not only the most common media in our daily life，but also the oldest technique in the field of message publication.It is very late to see the modern newspaper in China.Until the end of the 19th century，those newspapers published by the Chinese official agents or private expresses hadn't started to become more and more.The newspaper called “Stories inside and outside China” was first published by Weixin Faction，in 1895，the 21st year of Guangxu Era in Qing Dynasty.It is one of the most influential newspapers published by the Chinese at that time.

　　In the fact，the Chinese “Dibao” is the earliest and oldest newspaper in the world.In the West Han epoch，in order to strengthen the Royal power，the Han government carried out the “Jun xian zhi”．Every eparch should set up its office in the capital Chang'an，which has the same function as the provincial office in Beijing now.These offices were called “Di”s.Officers are selected by the eparchial government which they are responsible for，and sent to the “Di” to collecting the messages announced by the administrative agents or even the empire，then writing them on the bamboo placard，and deliver them to their shire leaders via the early post station for reading.So these placards with information were called “Dibao” s.

　　The continuous enforcement of central royal power in ancient China has also brought the development of “Dibao” into a_full_bloom.Although the name of “Dibao” had been changed for many times in the period from the Han，Tang，Song，Yuan，Ming，to Qing Dynasty，its publication has never been interrupted.In addition to it，its essence and contents hadn't been changed a lot.

　　Notes：

　　①eparch n．地方官　②placard n．布告　③shire n．郡

　　長短句分析：Officers are selected by the eparchial government which they are responsible for，and sent to the “Di” to collecting the messages announced by the administrative agents or even the empire，then writing them on the bamboo placard，and deliver them to their shire leaders via the early post station for reading.

　　句法點睛：本句中，“which they are responsible for”是修飾government的定語從句，“announced by the administrative agents or even the empire”為過去分詞短語作定語。

　　句意：官員由他們負責的地方政府選拔，并被派往“地”去收集由行政機構甚至皇帝宣布的信息，然后寫到竹制的布告上，再通過早期的投遞站送給郡的領導閱讀。

　　【語篇解讀】 在中國，最早的報紙是《地報》，是漢朝時期住在長安的官員傳遞政府信息的工具。在政府的支持下，《地報》一直保持著繁榮，形式一直沒有太大的改變。

　　1．What's the best title of the passage?

　　A．The first newspaper in China

　　B．What newspaper means to us

　　C．Why newspaper first appeared in China

　　D．What brought the development of “Dibao” into a full bloom

　　答案　A　[主旨大意題。全文講述了中國最早的報紙的出現以及后來的發展。]

　　2．From the first paragraph we can see ________.

　　A．few newspapers were published at the end of the 19th century

　　B．modern newspapers came out very early

　　C．“Stories inside and outside China” was the topic of a report

　　D．at the end of the nineteenth century only official agents published newspapers

　　答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據“Until the end of the 19th century，those newspapers published by the Chinese official agents or private expresses hadn't started to become more and more.”可以知道，19世紀晚期中國的報紙不是很多。]

　　3．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us?

　　A．Why every eparch set up offices in the capital.

　　B．The Han government carried out the “Jun xian zhi”．

　　C．How “Dibao” came into being.

　　D．The role of “Dibao” in the Han Dynasty.

　　答案　C　[主旨大意題。第二段講述了漢朝時期各地派官員進長安，他們把長安的消息傳給各地，于是《地報》產生了。]

　　4．What does the underlined phrase “a full bloom” mean in the last paragraph?

　　A．A biggest flower.

　　B．A large pant.

　　C．A stop.

　　D．A magnificent position.

　　答案　D　[詞義理解題。由“The continuous enforcement of central royal power in ancient China”可知，中央集權制使得《地報》非常繁榮，由此得出答案為D。]

　　5．From the whole passage we can see the development of the early newspaper in China ________.

　　A．had something to do with people's need

　　B．was connected with government policy

　　C．had nothing to do with news

　　D．was connected with commercials

　　答案　B　[推理判斷題。聯系最后一段可知，《地報》的繁榮與中央集權的加強密切相關。]

　　維A2 閱讀理解

　　高考曾用材料：2024卷A篇

　　選材相似度：★★★★

　　設題相似度：★★★

　　難度系數：★★★★★

　　A giant pink rabbit has been created in

　　the Alps that can be seen from space.

　　Visitors are encouraged by those who made it to climb all over the 200 ft toy sculpture and even sleep on it.

　　But the Austrian art group who created the bunny were amazed to find that it is so large that the rabbit can be seen from space via the Google Earth programme.

　　The pale-pink bunny lies flat on its back in the Italian Alps.It took more than five years to build the bunny and it is set to stay there until 2025.

　　It is made of soft，waterproof materials and filled with straw to make it comfortable to rest on.It was placed in a country spot called Artesina near Cuneo and attracts many visitors each year.

　　Wolfgang

　　Gantner

　　of

　　the

　　Vienna-based

　　art

　　group，Gelitin，said，“It's supposed to make you feel small，like Gulliver.You walk around it and you can't help but smile.We like to see hikers climb up the bunny's 20 ft sides and relax on its belly.”

　　The group have posted the rabbit's location on its Gelitin website along with a poetic description of the creation.It reads：

　　Behind a hill，as if knitted① by giant grandmothers，lies this vast rabbit，to make you feel as small as a daisy.

　　Happy you feel as you climb up along its ears，almost falling into its cavernous mouth，to the belly-top and look out over the pink woolen landscape of the rabbit's body，ears and limbs reaching into the distance.

　　Notes：

　　knit vt.編織　②daisy n．雛菊　③cavernous adj.似洞穴般的　④limb n．四肢

　　【語篇解讀】 本文介紹了山頂上的巨型玩具兔子。

　　1．The giant pink rabbit has been created ________.

　　A．to greet the year 2025

　　B．to be seen from space

　　C．to show people's love of climbing

　　D．as a tourist attraction

　　答案　D　[細節理解題。根據“Visitors are encouraged...”及“It was placed in a country spot...attracts many visitors each year.”等信息可知D項正確。]

　　2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

　　A．The art group.

　　B．Gulliver.

　　C．The bunny.

　　D．The belly.

　　答案　C　[細節理解題。此處是指在兔子附近走動的感覺，故選C項。]

　　3．What do we know about the rabbit from the description on the Gelitin website?

　　a．It is behind a hill.

　　b．It makes visitors feel very small.

　　c．Its belly may be the highest point of the body.

　　d．Its ears and limbs can be taken apart from its body.

　　A．a，b，c

　　B．a，b，d

　　C．a，c，d

　　D．b，c，d

　　答案　A　[細節理解題。文章最后兩段為Gelitin網站上對這只兔子富有詩意的描述，a、b、c符合文章內容，故選A項。]

　　維B 任務型閱讀

　　請認真閱讀下面短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的單詞空格里填入一個最恰當的單詞。注意：每個空格只填一個。

　　Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures.They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.

　　One cause of misconception is ethnocentrism(民族優越感)，the belief that one's own culture's way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures.It's ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business.To avoid ethnocentrism，it is necessary to study the different elements(組成部分)of culture：language，values and attitudes，and customs and manners.

　　●Language

　　A knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways.First，people can communicate directly.Second，people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language.Third，an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly.Finally，knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.

　　●Values and attitudes

　　Values are people's basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong，good and bad.An attitude is a way of thinking or acting.Values and attitudes influence international business.For example，many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries，and they buy a lot of it.

　　●Customs and manners

　　Customs are common social practices.Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite.For example，in the United States，it is the custom to have salad before the main course at dinner，not after.It's not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table.Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products.Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn't sell well because the French don't usually drink juice with breakfast.

　　【語篇解讀】 民族優越感有時是國際貿易往來中的不利因素。如何避免呢？了解各國的文化及它們的組成因素是解決方法。

　　答案及解析：

　　1．practices　[捕捉信息題。根據文章第一段首句“Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures.”可知答案。]

　　2．important　[句式轉化題。根據第一段最后一句“They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions－mistaken ideas.”可知他們已經意識到了避免商業決策建立在錯誤的觀念之上的重要性。]

　　3．belief　[捕捉信息題。根據第二段首句“One cause of misconception is ethnocentrism(民族優越感)，the belief that one's own...”可知答案。]

　　4．failure　[捕捉信息題。根據第二段第二句“It's ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business.”可知答案。]

　　5．Language　[綜合信息題。結合表格形式和右側欄中的內容可知，這里應該是文化的三個組成之一，即Language。]

　　6．knowledge　[綜合信息題。根據文章第三段首句，結合本框中的信息可知此處是講掌握其他國家的語言帶來的好處。have a knowledge of意為“了解、掌握”。]

　　7．communication　[捕捉信息題。根據文章第三段第二句“First，people can communicate directly.”可知答案。]

　　8．understanding　[句式轉換題。根據文章第三段最后一句“Finally，knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.”可知答案。]

　　9．polite　[捕捉信息題。根據文章最后一段第二句“Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite.”可知答案。]

　　10．difficult　[句式轉換題。根據文章最后一段第五句“Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products.”可知答案。]

　　長短句破解附加強化練習(Ⅱ)

　　將下面英語長句翻譯成漢語。

　　1．We even have different words for some food，meat in particular，depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked，which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while the upper class Normans were doing most of the eating.

　　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　答案　我們甚至對某些食物用不同的單詞表達，特別是肉類，這取決于它是長在田野里，還是在家里準備煮著吃，這就表明一個事實，即薩克森農民在農田干活，而上層階級的諾曼人在大口地吃。

　　2．Having chosen family television programs and women's magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women's magazines to be used.

　　________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　答案　決定選擇家庭電視節目和婦女雜志后，牙膏經銷商還必須挑選出要用的確切的電視節目和電視臺，以及那些具體的婦女雜志。

　　3．I can't live in fear of the possibility that as the earth's population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable (不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　答案　我不能總是生活在對這種可能性的憂慮中：由于地球上人口的不斷增長，由于我們正在消耗掉越來越多的非再生資源，我們的孩子可能不得不過著更加貧窮的生活。

　　4．Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do a good job，and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin.

　　______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　答案　這些任務的結果通常都很重要，這為做好工作增加了壓力，然而這些任務的復雜性使人很難知道該從何處開始和怎樣開始。

　　5．Today it is not unusual for a student，even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer，to have $5,000 in loans (貸款) after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________