英語時態的用法之四
英語時態的用法之四
現在完成時的用法
(1)表示動作已經完成,但后果或影響仍在。常與already, just, yet等副詞連用。
I have just read your letter.我剛剛讀完你的信。
He has already come back.他已經回來了.
(2)表示過去發生的動作一直持續到現在。常與for或since引導的一段時間狀語連用。
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了兩年了。
I have been here since 1976.自從1976年我就一直在這里。
①.for后通常跟一個時間段,而since后只能跟一個具體的時間點。
如:for two weeks持續兩周時間;since Monday自從周一
②.現在完成時的肯定句,其謂語動詞如果是瞬間動詞,如come, go, begin, join等,則不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
如:他到此兩周了:He has arrived here for two weeks.()
此時需轉換表達方式:
①用ago代替for,并改為一般過去時
②用延續性動詞代替瞬間動詞
③用It is/It has beensince句型,如:
He arrived here two weeks ago.
He has been here for two weeks.
It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here.
當瞬間動詞用于否定句時,則可以與時間段連用。
如:I havent gone there for six years.我六年沒去那兒。
(3)表示過去發生過一次或多次的動作已成為某種經驗。
I have been to Paris twice.我去過巴黎兩次。
Its one of the most interesting films Ive ever seen.它是我看過的最有趣的電影之一。
比較have been to與have gone to
have been to表示去過某地,現在已回來了,可以與ever twice等詞連用。如:
I have ever been to London.我曾去過倫敦。
have gone to表示去某地了現在尚未回來,不能與ever, twice等詞連用。
He has gone to London.他去倫敦了。
現在完成時與一般過去時的區別
二者都表示動作已經發生,區別在于:
(1)現在完成時強調這一動作與現在的關系,即對現在產生的結果、影響等,而一般過去時只表示過去的事實,不表示和現在的關系。
He has learned French for three years.他學法語已三年了。
He learned French for three years.他曾學過三年法語。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it. 誰拿走了我的包?我找不著了!
He cleaned the house yesterday. 他昨天打掃過房間。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already. 房間很干凈,因為他已經打掃過了。
(2)現在完成時不可與表示過去的時間副詞連用,而一般過去時則可以。
He has done some washing yesterday. (F)
He did some washing yesterday. (T)
他昨天洗衣服了。
過去完成時的用法
與現在完成的用法相同,只不過作為衡量基準點的時間點不同,現在完成時以現在作為衡量的基準點,而過去完成時則以過去某個時刻作為基準點。
(1)表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前完成了的動作,即過去的過去,常by, before引導的時間狀語連用。
如:By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到愛迪生10歲時,他已給自己建了一個實驗室。
He had measured me before I could get in a word.我還沒說話,他已把衣服量完了。
We had scarcely reached the
school before it began to rain.
我們剛到學校天就下雨了。
(2)表示由過去某一時間開始,一直延續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態。常與for和since引導的時間狀語相連用。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她說她已在那所醫院工作20年了。
He said he had taught in the university since 1957.他說自從1957年他就在這所大學任教。
(3)敘述過去發生的事情后,反過來又追敘或補述更早以前發生的動作時,常用過去完成時。
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.
對于此事我一無所知,因為我已離開6個月了。
Some people ran into the street. They had heard a loud noise.
有些人跑上了街,他們聽到很響的嘈雜聲。
英語時態的用法之四
現在完成時的用法
(1)表示動作已經完成,但后果或影響仍在。常與already, just, yet等副詞連用。
I have just read your letter.我剛剛讀完你的信。
He has already come back.他已經回來了.
(2)表示過去發生的動作一直持續到現在。常與for或since引導的一段時間狀語連用。
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了兩年了。
I have been here since 1976.自從1976年我就一直在這里。
①.for后通常跟一個時間段,而since后只能跟一個具體的時間點。
如:for two weeks持續兩周時間;since Monday自從周一
②.現在完成時的肯定句,其謂語動詞如果是瞬間動詞,如come, go, begin, join等,則不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
如:他到此兩周了:He has arrived here for two weeks.()
此時需轉換表達方式:
①用ago代替for,并改為一般過去時
②用延續性動詞代替瞬間動詞
③用It is/It has beensince句型,如:
He arrived here two weeks ago.
He has been here for two weeks.
It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here.
當瞬間動詞用于否定句時,則可以與時間段連用。
如:I havent gone there for six years.我六年沒去那兒。
(3)表示過去發生過一次或多次的動作已成為某種經驗。
I have been to Paris twice.我去過巴黎兩次。
Its one of the most interesting films Ive ever seen.它是我看過的最有趣的電影之一。
比較have been to與have gone to
have been to表示去過某地,現在已回來了,可以與ever twice等詞連用。如:
I have ever been to London.我曾去過倫敦。
have gone to表示去某地了現在尚未回來,不能與ever, twice等詞連用。
He has gone to London.他去倫敦了。
現在完成時與一般過去時的區別
二者都表示動作已經發生,區別在于:
(1)現在完成時強調這一動作與現在的關系,即對現在產生的結果、影響等,而一般過去時只表示過去的事實,不表示和現在的關系。
He has learned French for three years.他學法語已三年了。
He learned French for three years.他曾學過三年法語。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it. 誰拿走了我的包?我找不著了!
He cleaned the house yesterday. 他昨天打掃過房間。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already. 房間很干凈,因為他已經打掃過了。
(2)現在完成時不可與表示過去的時間副詞連用,而一般過去時則可以。
He has done some washing yesterday. (F)
He did some washing yesterday. (T)
他昨天洗衣服了。
過去完成時的用法
與現在完成的用法相同,只不過作為衡量基準點的時間點不同,現在完成時以現在作為衡量的基準點,而過去完成時則以過去某個時刻作為基準點。
(1)表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前完成了的動作,即過去的過去,常by, before引導的時間狀語連用。
如:By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到愛迪生10歲時,他已給自己建了一個實驗室。
He had measured me before I could get in a word.我還沒說話,他已把衣服量完了。
We had scarcely reached the
school before it began to rain.
我們剛到學校天就下雨了。
(2)表示由過去某一時間開始,一直延續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態。常與for和since引導的時間狀語相連用。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她說她已在那所醫院工作20年了。
He said he had taught in the university since 1957.他說自從1957年他就在這所大學任教。
(3)敘述過去發生的事情后,反過來又追敘或補述更早以前發生的動作時,常用過去完成時。
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.
對于此事我一無所知,因為我已離開6個月了。
Some people ran into the street. They had heard a loud noise.
有些人跑上了街,他們聽到很響的嘈雜聲。