高中英語語法-寫作考點誰最俏,準確表達領風騷
寫作考點誰最俏,準確表達領風騷
近年來高考英語書面表達閱卷采用新標準,要求考生使用高級句型、高級詞匯、過渡性詞匯和不同的表達方式,以增加文章的可讀性和醒目性。誠然,這些都是高考英語書面表達的重要考點,然而在刻苦訓練達到新標準所規定要求的同時,一定要注意表達的準確性。這是書面表達最本質的東西,也是最重要的考點,離開了這一點,高級表達方式就失去了意義。那么如何做到表達準確呢?筆者認為主要有以下幾點:
一 . 避免語法錯誤,提高語言的準確性
基礎較差的考生在各個語法點上均有可能出錯,但動詞是英語最重要的詞類之一,絕大多數語法與動詞有密切聯系,因此寫書面表達時考生一定要以動詞為突破口,注意避免出現語法錯誤。考生在書面表達中常犯的語法錯誤有:
1. 動詞錯誤
進行句意表達時,考生既不能多用也不能少用動詞。例如:
There are about ten students are absent today. (多用動詞 be ,應改為 about ten students absent today )
A boy comes from that school will come to our class. (多用動詞 comes ,應去掉)
I can't sure whether he is telling lies or not. (少用動詞,應將 can't sure 改為 can't be sure )
2. 時態錯誤
任何書面表達都有特定的時態環境,而在這種特定時態環境下的時態通常都是相同的,比如介紹人物等的現狀應從一般現在時為主,回顧歷史應以一般過去時為主,憧憬未來應以一般將來時為主。日記常記述已發生的事,應從一般過去時為主;通知常描繪未來活動,應以一般將來時為主。不少考生對時態概念模糊,隨心所欲地使用時態,容易造成大面積的時態錯誤,因此而丟分。
3. 時態錯誤
漢語被動色彩不濃,不少考生因受漢語習慣影響,不會正確運用被動語態。例如:
He thought his book lost at the station. (在 book 后加 was )
Li Ping stood on a piece of glass and his right foot hurt. (在 foot 后加 was )
有時不該用被動語態,不少考生卻用了被動語態。例如:
It was said that he was graduated from Beijing University. (去掉第二個 was )
The war was broken out in 1980. (將 was broken 改為 broke )
不少考生喜歡在行為動詞前加 be .例如:
They are think that they should study hard. (去掉 are )
I am decide that I should start at once. (去掉 am )
4. 名詞單復數錯誤
Each boys in our class has been there. (將 boys 改為 boy )
A lot of student in their class know it. (將 student 改為 students )
5. 冠詞錯誤
冠詞雖屬虛詞,但也不能掉以輕心,否則也會影響文意表達。例如:
There are three people in the bus, worker, teacher, and student. (分別在 worker, teacher, student 前加 a )
In morning we went there and in afternoon we came back. (分別在 morning, afternoon 前加 the )
二 . 避免不規則英文表達,提高語言的準確性
寫書面表達時,考生應使用準確、地道的語言,不能使用生澀、難懂或不符合英語表達習慣的語言。考生常犯的語言錯誤通常有下列幾種:
1. 詞對詞直譯
有些考生在表達句子時不會使用準確、地道的英語,而是根據漢語的句子結構用相應的英語單詞生硬地詞對詞直譯。例如:
學習刻苦的學生是好學生。
誤: Study hard students are good students.
正: The students who study hard are good students.
我將坐汽車去北京。
誤: I will by bus to go to Beijing.
正: I will go to Beijing by bus.
他說是你救了他。
誤: He said was you saved him.
正: He said it was you who saved him.
2. 漢語式英語表達
很多考生進行句意表達時易受漢語習慣影響,所寫句子雖然語法正確,卻不符合英文表達習慣。例如:
他困難很多。
誤: His difficulty is much.
正: He has much difficulty.
他身體健康。
誤: His body is health.
正: He is healthy.
3. 繞道表達
不少考生因詞匯量不足,寫作時碰到生詞總是繞道走,或是用解釋法、定義法來說明,結果語言生澀難懂,文章錯亂不清,寫出的句子就不是地道的英語。例如:
他總是在周末回家。
不地道: He always goes home at the end of a week.
地道: He always goes home at weekend.
請在校門口等我。
不地道: Please wait for me at the gate of the school.
地道: Please wait for me at the school gate.
三 . 巧記常識性語句,進行好句積累
語言是有規律的,不同體裁的書面表達都有其常識性語句,這些語句,能有效增強文章的連結性、邏輯性、可讀性,使文章文采倍增。
寫人物介紹時應著重描寫對人物姓名、性別、年齡、職業、身高、健康狀況、業余愛好、工作態度、與人相處、社會評價等語句的表達。例如:
Li Ping is a good teacher. He is thirty years old. He is 170 centimeters tall and he is healthy
寫單位介紹文時應著重單位面積、人口、地理位置、綠化工作等語句的表達。例如:
Our factory covers 100 mu. / Our city has a population of one million
記敘文常用短語或句型有: I feel very glad because I have done a good dead. The old woman was thankful to me for my kindness.
環保說明文常識性語句有: There are all kinds of pollution such as air pollution, noise pollution and soil pollution. We live in a terrible environment
英文交友信常用句型有: I'm glad to have a chance to be your pen friend. I learned about you from the International Friendship Club
寫作考點誰最俏,準確表達領風騷
近年來高考英語書面表達閱卷采用新標準,要求考生使用高級句型、高級詞匯、過渡性詞匯和不同的表達方式,以增加文章的可讀性和醒目性。誠然,這些都是高考英語書面表達的重要考點,然而在刻苦訓練達到新標準所規定要求的同時,一定要注意表達的準確性。這是書面表達最本質的東西,也是最重要的考點,離開了這一點,高級表達方式就失去了意義。那么如何做到表達準確呢?筆者認為主要有以下幾點:
一 . 避免語法錯誤,提高語言的準確性
基礎較差的考生在各個語法點上均有可能出錯,但動詞是英語最重要的詞類之一,絕大多數語法與動詞有密切聯系,因此寫書面表達時考生一定要以動詞為突破口,注意避免出現語法錯誤。考生在書面表達中常犯的語法錯誤有:
1. 動詞錯誤
進行句意表達時,考生既不能多用也不能少用動詞。例如:
There are about ten students are absent today. (多用動詞 be ,應改為 about ten students absent today )
A boy comes from that school will come to our class. (多用動詞 comes ,應去掉)
I can't sure whether he is telling lies or not. (少用動詞,應將 can't sure 改為 can't be sure )
2. 時態錯誤
任何書面表達都有特定的時態環境,而在這種特定時態環境下的時態通常都是相同的,比如介紹人物等的現狀應從一般現在時為主,回顧歷史應以一般過去時為主,憧憬未來應以一般將來時為主。日記常記述已發生的事,應從一般過去時為主;通知常描繪未來活動,應以一般將來時為主。不少考生對時態概念模糊,隨心所欲地使用時態,容易造成大面積的時態錯誤,因此而丟分。
3. 時態錯誤
漢語被動色彩不濃,不少考生因受漢語習慣影響,不會正確運用被動語態。例如:
He thought his book lost at the station. (在 book 后加 was )
Li Ping stood on a piece of glass and his right foot hurt. (在 foot 后加 was )
有時不該用被動語態,不少考生卻用了被動語態。例如:
It was said that he was graduated from Beijing University. (去掉第二個 was )
The war was broken out in 1980. (將 was broken 改為 broke )
不少考生喜歡在行為動詞前加 be .例如:
They are think that they should study hard. (去掉 are )
I am decide that I should start at once. (去掉 am )
4. 名詞單復數錯誤
Each boys in our class has been there. (將 boys 改為 boy )
A lot of student in their class know it. (將 student 改為 students )
5. 冠詞錯誤
冠詞雖屬虛詞,但也不能掉以輕心,否則也會影響文意表達。例如:
There are three people in the bus, worker, teacher, and student. (分別在 worker, teacher, student 前加 a )
In morning we went there and in afternoon we came back. (分別在 morning, afternoon 前加 the )
二 . 避免不規則英文表達,提高語言的準確性
寫書面表達時,考生應使用準確、地道的語言,不能使用生澀、難懂或不符合英語表達習慣的語言。考生常犯的語言錯誤通常有下列幾種:
1. 詞對詞直譯
有些考生在表達句子時不會使用準確、地道的英語,而是根據漢語的句子結構用相應的英語單詞生硬地詞對詞直譯。例如:
學習刻苦的學生是好學生。
誤: Study hard students are good students.
正: The students who study hard are good students.
我將坐汽車去北京。
誤: I will by bus to go to Beijing.
正: I will go to Beijing by bus.
他說是你救了他。
誤: He said was you saved him.
正: He said it was you who saved him.
2. 漢語式英語表達
很多考生進行句意表達時易受漢語習慣影響,所寫句子雖然語法正確,卻不符合英文表達習慣。例如:
他困難很多。
誤: His difficulty is much.
正: He has much difficulty.
他身體健康。
誤: His body is health.
正: He is healthy.
3. 繞道表達
不少考生因詞匯量不足,寫作時碰到生詞總是繞道走,或是用解釋法、定義法來說明,結果語言生澀難懂,文章錯亂不清,寫出的句子就不是地道的英語。例如:
他總是在周末回家。
不地道: He always goes home at the end of a week.
地道: He always goes home at weekend.
請在校門口等我。
不地道: Please wait for me at the gate of the school.
地道: Please wait for me at the school gate.
三 . 巧記常識性語句,進行好句積累
語言是有規律的,不同體裁的書面表達都有其常識性語句,這些語句,能有效增強文章的連結性、邏輯性、可讀性,使文章文采倍增。
寫人物介紹時應著重描寫對人物姓名、性別、年齡、職業、身高、健康狀況、業余愛好、工作態度、與人相處、社會評價等語句的表達。例如:
Li Ping is a good teacher. He is thirty years old. He is 170 centimeters tall and he is healthy
寫單位介紹文時應著重單位面積、人口、地理位置、綠化工作等語句的表達。例如:
Our factory covers 100 mu. / Our city has a population of one million
記敘文常用短語或句型有: I feel very glad because I have done a good dead. The old woman was thankful to me for my kindness.
環保說明文常識性語句有: There are all kinds of pollution such as air pollution, noise pollution and soil pollution. We live in a terrible environment
英文交友信常用句型有: I'm glad to have a chance to be your pen friend. I learned about you from the International Friendship Club