What causes shoulder pain?

什么原因導致了肩痛？

Shoulder pain is a common ache in the U.S.: By some estimates, as many as 67% of people experience shoulder discomfort at some point over the course of their lives. The most mobile joint in your body, the shoulder is made up of bones held in place by muscles, tendons, and ligaments. They're all designed to work together to allow the shoulder to move freely in many different directions. This allows you to do everything from raising your arms over your head to throwing a baseball and scratching your back. "Unfortunately, this mobility comes at the expense of stability," and that leaves the shoulder vulnerable to injury, says Clifford Stark, medical director of Sports Medicine at Chelsea in New York City. Factor in the wear and tear of everyday life and it's easy to see why you're shouldering so much pain.

在美國，肩痛是常見的癥狀。據估計，多達67%的人會在一生中的某個時刻肩痛。肩膀是人體最活躍的關節，由骨頭、肌肉、肌腱和韌帶組成。這些成分注定要一起運作，這樣肩膀才能在各個方向上自由移動。因此你能抬手越過頭頂扔棒球、還能撓背。"不幸的是，這種移動是以穩定為代價的，"導致肩膀很容易受傷，紐約市切爾西運動醫學的醫療總監克利福德·斯塔克說道。日常生活中，磨損肩膀的因素很多，因此你的肩膀為什么這么痛也就不言自明了。

You'll need to consult your doctor for a formal diagnosis of your shoulder pain. That visit will include a physical exam, and possibly an X-ray, MRI, or ultrasound, or you may even do a physical therapy right off the bat, Dr. Stark says.

你需要咨詢醫生，讓他/她給你做正式檢查。包括身體檢查，可能還要做X光、磁共振成像或超聲波，或者你甚至可以立馬做個物理治療，斯塔克醫生說道。

Of all the reasons you can have shoulder pain, injury to your rotator cuff is the most common-in a recent study, two-thirds of people with shoulder pain had a rotator cuff problem. A group of muscles and tendons that attach to the bones of the shoulder joint, the rotator cuff keeps the ball of your upper arm bone centered in your shoulder socket and also helps you raise and rotate your arm.

肩痛的原因很多，肩關節的肌腱套受損是最常見的原因--在最近的一項研究中，三分之二肩痛的人都有這個問題。肌腱套是附著在肩關節骨頭上的一組肌肉和肌腱，能使上臂骨頭的球部保持在肩窩的中心，同時還能幫助你抬胳膊、旋轉胳膊。

Doing the same motion over and over again can lead to inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons, also called tendonitis, which can cause shoulder pain. "The rotator cuff is like a tire-with aging or frequent use it gets thinner and thinner and eventually wears down," says Robert Gotlin, a sports and spine physician in NYC and an associate professor of rehabilitation medicine and orthopedics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. With tendonitis, shoulder pain is often mild at first and only noticeable when you move the joint; after a while, they can become more severe and occur all the time.

一次又一次做同樣的動作會導致肌腱套發炎，也被稱為腱炎，從而導致肩痛。"肌腱套就像輪胎一樣--老化或經常使用會導致其越來越薄，最終會被磨損，"紐約市的運動和脊椎醫師、西奈山伊坎醫學院康復醫學和矯形外科部門的副教授羅伯特·戈德林說道。在患有腱炎的情況下，肩痛剛開始的時候都是輕度的，只有當你移動關節的時候才會有痛感；一段時間后，這些癥狀就會越來越嚴重，經常會讓你疼的欲罷不能。

What causes shoulder pain?

什么原因導致了肩痛？

Shoulder pain is a common ache in the U.S.: By some estimates, as many as 67% of people experience shoulder discomfort at some point over the course of their lives. The most mobile joint in your body, the shoulder is made up of bones held in place by muscles, tendons, and ligaments. They're all designed to work together to allow the shoulder to move freely in many different directions. This allows you to do everything from raising your arms over your head to throwing a baseball and scratching your back. "Unfortunately, this mobility comes at the expense of stability," and that leaves the shoulder vulnerable to injury, says Clifford Stark, medical director of Sports Medicine at Chelsea in New York City. Factor in the wear and tear of everyday life and it's easy to see why you're shouldering so much pain.

在美國，肩痛是常見的癥狀。據估計，多達67%的人會在一生中的某個時刻肩痛。肩膀是人體最活躍的關節，由骨頭、肌肉、肌腱和韌帶組成。這些成分注定要一起運作，這樣肩膀才能在各個方向上自由移動。因此你能抬手越過頭頂扔棒球、還能撓背。"不幸的是，這種移動是以穩定為代價的，"導致肩膀很容易受傷，紐約市切爾西運動醫學的醫療總監克利福德·斯塔克說道。日常生活中，磨損肩膀的因素很多，因此你的肩膀為什么這么痛也就不言自明了。

You'll need to consult your doctor for a formal diagnosis of your shoulder pain. That visit will include a physical exam, and possibly an X-ray, MRI, or ultrasound, or you may even do a physical therapy right off the bat, Dr. Stark says.

你需要咨詢醫生，讓他/她給你做正式檢查。包括身體檢查，可能還要做X光、磁共振成像或超聲波，或者你甚至可以立馬做個物理治療，斯塔克醫生說道。

Of all the reasons you can have shoulder pain, injury to your rotator cuff is the most common-in a recent study, two-thirds of people with shoulder pain had a rotator cuff problem. A group of muscles and tendons that attach to the bones of the shoulder joint, the rotator cuff keeps the ball of your upper arm bone centered in your shoulder socket and also helps you raise and rotate your arm.

肩痛的原因很多，肩關節的肌腱套受損是最常見的原因--在最近的一項研究中，三分之二肩痛的人都有這個問題。肌腱套是附著在肩關節骨頭上的一組肌肉和肌腱，能使上臂骨頭的球部保持在肩窩的中心，同時還能幫助你抬胳膊、旋轉胳膊。

Doing the same motion over and over again can lead to inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons, also called tendonitis, which can cause shoulder pain. "The rotator cuff is like a tire-with aging or frequent use it gets thinner and thinner and eventually wears down," says Robert Gotlin, a sports and spine physician in NYC and an associate professor of rehabilitation medicine and orthopedics at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. With tendonitis, shoulder pain is often mild at first and only noticeable when you move the joint; after a while, they can become more severe and occur all the time.

一次又一次做同樣的動作會導致肌腱套發炎，也被稱為腱炎，從而導致肩痛。"肌腱套就像輪胎一樣--老化或經常使用會導致其越來越薄，最終會被磨損，"紐約市的運動和脊椎醫師、西奈山伊坎醫學院康復醫學和矯形外科部門的副教授羅伯特·戈德林說道。在患有腱炎的情況下，肩痛剛開始的時候都是輕度的，只有當你移動關節的時候才會有痛感；一段時間后，這些癥狀就會越來越嚴重，經常會讓你疼的欲罷不能。