英語講義【14】主動(dòng)語態(tài)之形，被動(dòng)語態(tài)之意
在《語態(tài)：主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的關(guān)系》一文里，提到有些動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài)之形，但卻有被動(dòng)語態(tài)之意。
這些動(dòng)詞包括及物的（transitive verbs）、不及物的（ intransitive verbs）、動(dòng)名詞（gerunds）和不定式動(dòng)詞（ infinitives）。這些動(dòng)詞很特別，但數(shù)目不多。例如：
Ⅰ及物動(dòng)詞 ① That house is building （= being built）.
② The trumpets are sounding （ = being sounded）.
③ The film is showing now （= being shown now）.
④ The guns are firing （= being fired）.
⑤ The drums are beating （ = being beaten）.
Ⅱ不及物動(dòng)詞 ⑥ The middle house wont let.
⑦ Porcelain sinks clean easily.
⑧ Such potatoes peel well.
⑥-⑧中的出租、清洗和削都有被的意思。
Ⅲ動(dòng)名詞 ⑨ Your office needs cleaning （= to be cleaned）.
⑩ The computer wants servicing （= to be serviced）.
11. This watch requires winding up （ = to be wound up）.
12. That good point bears repeating （= to be repeated）.
Ⅳ不定式動(dòng)詞 13. This is an apartment to let.
14. Give him a chair to sit down.
15. There is nothing to do for the time being.
16. You are to blame.
13-16中的不定式動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)之意，情況和⑥-⑧中的不及物動(dòng)詞類似，都是具有主動(dòng)語態(tài)之形，含有被動(dòng)語態(tài)之意。然而，這種用法雖很特殊，卻不普遍。當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞回到本來的性質(zhì)時(shí)，還是有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的， 只是含義有些不同。例如17和18中的（a）和（b）的含義便有些不同：
17.a） His books sell well.
b） His books are sold well.
18.a） Your shoes have worn well.
b） Your shoes have been worn well.
（a）的句子表示書的銷路好和鞋子耐穿，都是因?yàn)橹髡Z有內(nèi)在的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。至于（b）的句子，它們只把事實(shí)反映出來，沒有別的含義。
最后，當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞當(dāng)接系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它們也是有主動(dòng)語態(tài)之形，被動(dòng)語態(tài)之意：
19.Honey tastes sweet.
20.Glass feels smooth.
21.Perfume smells good.
22.The sky seems to appear dark.
23.The weather has turned hot.
在《語態(tài)：主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的關(guān)系》一文里，提到有些動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài)之形，但卻有被動(dòng)語態(tài)之意。
這些動(dòng)詞包括及物的（transitive verbs）、不及物的（ intransitive verbs）、動(dòng)名詞（gerunds）和不定式動(dòng)詞（ infinitives）。這些動(dòng)詞很特別，但數(shù)目不多。例如：
Ⅰ及物動(dòng)詞 ① That house is building （= being built）.
② The trumpets are sounding （ = being sounded）.
③ The film is showing now （= being shown now）.
④ The guns are firing （= being fired）.
⑤ The drums are beating （ = being beaten）.
Ⅱ不及物動(dòng)詞 ⑥ The middle house wont let.
⑦ Porcelain sinks clean easily.
⑧ Such potatoes peel well.
⑥-⑧中的出租、清洗和削都有被的意思。
Ⅲ動(dòng)名詞 ⑨ Your office needs cleaning （= to be cleaned）.
⑩ The computer wants servicing （= to be serviced）.
11. This watch requires winding up （ = to be wound up）.
12. That good point bears repeating （= to be repeated）.
Ⅳ不定式動(dòng)詞 13. This is an apartment to let.
14. Give him a chair to sit down.
15. There is nothing to do for the time being.
16. You are to blame.
13-16中的不定式動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)之意，情況和⑥-⑧中的不及物動(dòng)詞類似，都是具有主動(dòng)語態(tài)之形，含有被動(dòng)語態(tài)之意。然而，這種用法雖很特殊，卻不普遍。當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞回到本來的性質(zhì)時(shí)，還是有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的， 只是含義有些不同。例如17和18中的（a）和（b）的含義便有些不同：
17.a） His books sell well.
b） His books are sold well.
18.a） Your shoes have worn well.
b） Your shoes have been worn well.
（a）的句子表示書的銷路好和鞋子耐穿，都是因?yàn)橹髡Z有內(nèi)在的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。至于（b）的句子，它們只把事實(shí)反映出來，沒有別的含義。
最后，當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞當(dāng)接系動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它們也是有主動(dòng)語態(tài)之形，被動(dòng)語態(tài)之意：
19.Honey tastes sweet.
20.Glass feels smooth.
21.Perfume smells good.
22.The sky seems to appear dark.
23.The weather has turned hot.
