職稱英語等級考試各重點語法考點解析1
職稱英語等級考試各重點語法考點解析1
被動語態
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系.語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態.如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態.
一、被動語態考點聚焦
被動語態的概念:
不知道或沒必要提到動作的執行者是誰時用被動語態.強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態.
被動語態的構成方式:
be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.
被動語態的基本用法:
使用被動語態時應注意的幾個問題.
①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to meon my birthday.
I was given an interesting book on my birthday.
?、谥鲃幼儽粍訒r,賓補成主補;不定式前需加to.
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long
③短語動詞變被動語態時,勿要掉尾巴.
The children were taken good care of .
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
?、芮閼B動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態, 只需將它們后面的動詞原形變為be +過去分詞.
⑤當句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態有兩種形式:謂語動詞用被動語態,動詞不定式作主補.用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that
不能用被動語態的幾種情況.
①所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態之中.
?、诒硎緺顟B的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.
?、郾硎練w屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等.
?、鼙硎鞠Ｍ?、意圖的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.
?、葙e語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態,不能用被動語態.
?、拶e語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態.
?、哂行﹦釉~以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等.
主動形式表被動意義.
?、佼攆eel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;當cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當動詞表示開始、結束、關、停、轉、啟動等意義時.
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗.
These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷.
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢.
The door wont lock.門鎖不上.
The fish smells good.魚聞起來香.
②當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示發生、關閉、制定等意思時.
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義.
?、躡e worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義.
?、菰赽e + 形容詞 + to do中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動.
This kind of water isnt fit to drink.
The girl isnt easy to get along with.
另外:be to blame,be to rent也用主動形式表被動.
被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況.
①be seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.坐在凳子上.
②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.他藏在門后.
③be lost迷路
④be drunk喝醉
?、輇e dressed穿著
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
被動語態與系表結構的區別
被動語態強調動作;系表結構表主語的特點或狀態.如:
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.
The book is well sold.
職稱英語等級考試各重點語法考點解析1
被動語態
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系.語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態.如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態.
一、被動語態考點聚焦
被動語態的概念:
不知道或沒必要提到動作的執行者是誰時用被動語態.強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態.
被動語態的構成方式:
be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.
被動語態的基本用法:
使用被動語態時應注意的幾個問題.
①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to meon my birthday.
I was given an interesting book on my birthday.
②主動變被動時,賓補成主補;不定式前需加to.
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long
?、鄱陶Z動詞變被動語態時,勿要掉尾巴.
The children were taken good care of .
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
?、芮閼B動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態, 只需將它們后面的動詞原形變為be +過去分詞.
⑤當句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態有兩種形式:謂語動詞用被動語態,動詞不定式作主補.用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that
不能用被動語態的幾種情況.
①所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態之中.
?、诒硎緺顟B的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.
③表示歸屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等.
④表示希望、意圖的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.
?、葙e語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態,不能用被動語態.
?、拶e語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態.
?、哂行﹦釉~以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等.
主動形式表被動意義.
?、佼攆eel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;當cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當動詞表示開始、結束、關、停、轉、啟動等意義時.
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗.
These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷.
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢.
The door wont lock.門鎖不上.
The fish smells good.魚聞起來香.
②當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示發生、關閉、制定等意思時.
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
?、踳ant, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義.
?、躡e worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義.
⑤在be + 形容詞 + to do中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動.
This kind of water isnt fit to drink.
The girl isnt easy to get along with.
另外:be to blame,be to rent也用主動形式表被動.
被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況.
?、賐e seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.坐在凳子上.
?、赽e hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.他藏在門后.
?、踒e lost迷路
④be drunk喝醉
?、輇e dressed穿著
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
被動語態與系表結構的區別
被動語態強調動作;系表結構表主語的特點或狀態.如:
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.
The book is well sold.
