職稱英語考試閱讀綜合輔導第十五講
情態動詞的完成式: can / may / should / ought to / must / need等動詞稱為情態動詞。情態動詞有三大特征:一是無人稱和數的變化,二是后面跟的動詞不帶to,三是后面 + not構成否定式,比較: He neednt go there so early. (他不需要去那么早。- 情態動詞) You do not need to be an expert to make this simple design. (這么簡單的設計不一定非要專家來做。- 動作動詞) 在講解情態動詞完成式前,先將一般式中應注意的幾個問題提一下,以引起必要的重視?! 。?情態動詞一般式中應注意的幾個問題: 注意以下用法的習慣與區別: He must be a doctor. (他準是個醫生。) 否定:He cant be a doctor. (他不會是個醫生。- 注意:一般不用must be ) 又如:They cant be working now.(現在他們不可能在工作。) May I go now? 回答:Yes, please. / Please dont. (或:No, you mustnt) have to 與 must 1) 當強調外界原因時,2) 當與將來時結合時,用have to, 例如: Since it is raining, we have to sty indoors. You will have to hurry if you want to catch the 9:30 train. (你要是趕9:30的火車,得趕緊。) 3) 表示自然規律或必然結果,用must, 例如: All men must die. ( 人固有一死。) can 與be able to can表示能力,但不一定做了或做成了;be able to 表示有能力并且做成了,相當于succeed in doing, 例如: The patient is able to walk now. (說明病人原來是喪失了走的能力的,現在自己能走了) The patient can walk now. (可能的情況是,病人是能走的,但醫生不讓他走,如急性心梗后醫生不讓病人走動。) Shall I / we(第一人稱)? 表示征求對方意見;(第二、三人稱) + shall表示允諾或警告,例如: Shall I fetch a doctor for you? (要我為你請個醫生來嗎?) You shall be sorry for what you have done. (你會為你所做的事后悔的。) Will you.? 表示請求, 例如: Don be late for the meeting next time, will you? (下次開會別遲到了,好嗎?) 比較:I would remind you that smoking is forbidden here. (表示婉轉的建議或請求:我想提醒你,這里不能抽煙。) neednt 的肯定式為must,例如: You neednt see him, but I must. (你不必去看他,但我得去。) cannot but + 原形動詞 (意思相當于have to), 例如: I cannot but tell you the truth. (我不得不給你說實話。) 2.情態動詞的完成式: 情態動詞的一般式用于表達現在或將來的情況,而情態動詞的完成式則用來表達已經發生的事情,例如:你不應該來得那么晚。這是對已經發生的事情(你來晚了)表示自己的看法:You shouldnt have come so late. 將常用、常考的幾個情態動詞完成式列表說明如下: must (not) have done表示對已發生的事情的判斷,中文常表達為:準是It must have rained last night; the ground is wet.(昨晚準是下雨了,地上濕漉漉的。)should (not) have done / ought (not) to have done表示事與愿違,中文常表達為:(不)該,本(不)該The baby was cut badly; she shouldnt (oughtnt to) have let him play with the scissors. (孩子傷得很厲害;她不該讓他玩剪刀。)may / can (not) have done表示本(不)可能She may have known the news; she is crying. (她可能已經知道那個消息了;她在哭。)need (not) have done表示本(不)需要You neednt have bought that dictionary; I have got a spare one. (你實際上沒有必要買那本字典;我有一本多余的。) 由于在沒有情景的情況下很難區分情態動詞一般式和完成式,例如你不該去,究竟是You shouldnt go there. 還是 You shouldnt have gone there, 因此考試的時候往往會給出情景,這對判題非常重要,如上面表格例子中的the ground is wet,the baby was cut badly,she is crying, 都是題目所給的情景。
情態動詞的完成式: can / may / should / ought to / must / need等動詞稱為情態動詞。情態動詞有三大特征:一是無人稱和數的變化,二是后面跟的動詞不帶to,三是后面 + not構成否定式,比較: He neednt go there so early. (他不需要去那么早。- 情態動詞) You do not need to be an expert to make this simple design. (這么簡單的設計不一定非要專家來做。- 動作動詞) 在講解情態動詞完成式前,先將一般式中應注意的幾個問題提一下,以引起必要的重視。 ?。?情態動詞一般式中應注意的幾個問題: 注意以下用法的習慣與區別: He must be a doctor. (他準是個醫生。) 否定:He cant be a doctor. (他不會是個醫生。- 注意:一般不用must be ) 又如:They cant be working now.(現在他們不可能在工作。) May I go now? 回答:Yes, please. / Please dont. (或:No, you mustnt) have to 與 must 1) 當強調外界原因時,2) 當與將來時結合時,用have to, 例如: Since it is raining, we have to sty indoors. You will have to hurry if you want to catch the 9:30 train. (你要是趕9:30的火車,得趕緊。) 3) 表示自然規律或必然結果,用must, 例如: All men must die. ( 人固有一死。) can 與be able to can表示能力,但不一定做了或做成了;be able to 表示有能力并且做成了,相當于succeed in doing, 例如: The patient is able to walk now. (說明病人原來是喪失了走的能力的,現在自己能走了) The patient can walk now. (可能的情況是,病人是能走的,但醫生不讓他走,如急性心梗后醫生不讓病人走動。) Shall I / we(第一人稱)? 表示征求對方意見;(第二、三人稱) + shall表示允諾或警告,例如: Shall I fetch a doctor for you? (要我為你請個醫生來嗎?) You shall be sorry for what you have done. (你會為你所做的事后悔的。) Will you.? 表示請求, 例如: Don be late for the meeting next time, will you? (下次開會別遲到了,好嗎?) 比較:I would remind you that smoking is forbidden here. (表示婉轉的建議或請求:我想提醒你,這里不能抽煙。) neednt 的肯定式為must,例如: You neednt see him, but I must. (你不必去看他,但我得去。) cannot but + 原形動詞 (意思相當于have to), 例如: I cannot but tell you the truth. (我不得不給你說實話。) 2.情態動詞的完成式: 情態動詞的一般式用于表達現在或將來的情況,而情態動詞的完成式則用來表達已經發生的事情,例如:你不應該來得那么晚。這是對已經發生的事情(你來晚了)表示自己的看法:You shouldnt have come so late. 將常用、??嫉膸讉€情態動詞完成式列表說明如下: must (not) have done表示對已發生的事情的判斷,中文常表達為:準是It must have rained last night; the ground is wet.(昨晚準是下雨了,地上濕漉漉的。)should (not) have done / ought (not) to have done表示事與愿違,中文常表達為:(不)該,本(不)該The baby was cut badly; she shouldnt (oughtnt to) have let him play with the scissors. (孩子傷得很厲害;她不該讓他玩剪刀。)may / can (not) have done表示本(不)可能She may have known the news; she is crying. (她可能已經知道那個消息了;她在哭。)need (not) have done表示本(不)需要You neednt have bought that dictionary; I have got a spare one. (你實際上沒有必要買那本字典;我有一本多余的。) 由于在沒有情景的情況下很難區分情態動詞一般式和完成式,例如你不該去,究竟是You shouldnt go there. 還是 You shouldnt have gone there, 因此考試的時候往往會給出情景,這對判題非常重要,如上面表格例子中的the ground is wet,the baby was cut badly,she is crying, 都是題目所給的情景。