Words and expressions

　　perseverance n. steady persistence in adhering to a course of action, a belief, or a purpose; steadfastness 毅力；堅(jiān)持

　　Great works are performed, not by strength, but perseverance.

　　偉大的作品不是靠力量而是靠毅力來完成的。

　　quit vt. to give up; abandon 放棄

　　He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day.

　　他并沒有戒煙,但是已減到每天只抽三支煙了。

　　vt. to depart from; leave 離開

　　You and I are on the point of quitting the theater of our exploits.

　　你我正在離開我們輝煌業(yè)績(jī)的舞臺(tái)。

　　vt. to cease or discontinue 停止；中斷：

　　The teacher asked them to quit talking. 老師要求他們不要說話。

　　apply () to put into practice 應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用

　　We should apply theory to practice. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把理論運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去。

　　add up find the total of 總計(jì)；加起來

　　Add up 6,7 and 8 and youll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，總數(shù)是二十一。

　　circumstance n. a condition or fact attending an event and having some bearing on it 環(huán)境；情況(常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)

　　It depends on [upon] circumstances. 這要視情況而定。

　　lose heart become discouraged 沮喪；灰心

　　Dont lose heart at any failure, but try again. 失敗時(shí)不要灰心，要再接再厲。

　　assessment n. the act of assessing; appraisal 評(píng)估；估價(jià)

　　environmental assessment 環(huán)境影響評(píng)估

　　take it easy 放松些；別緊張

　　When the teacher found some of his students get nervous at the examination, he told them to take it easy. 老師發(fā)現(xiàn)一些學(xué)生考慮時(shí)焦急不安，就叫他們不要緊張。

　　keep up retain(ones spirits, strength, etc); (ones spirits, strength, etc.)not decline 維持；保持

　　The mountaineers spirits kept up against heavy odds.

　　在非常不利的條件下，登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員們?nèi)匀磺榫w高漲。

　　Robinson Crusoe n. 魯濱遜克魯索

　　common sense natural good thinking 常識(shí)；情理

　　Although shes not very clever shes got lots of common sense. 她雖然不很聰明，但很有見識(shí)。

　　survival n. the act of surviving; continuance of life 幸存；存活

　　He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a miracle. 他在無遮檔的小船上呆了八天，又無食物，還活下來了，這真是個(gè)奇跡。

　　biscuit n. a small cake of shortened bread leavened with baking powder or soda餅干；小點(diǎn)心

　　alcohol n. a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid; intoxicating liquor containing alcohol 酒精；含酒精的飲料

　　goat n. a sort of hollow-horned, bearded ruminant mammals of mountainous regions山羊

　　On the ground lay an old sick goat. 地上躺著一只生病的老山羊。

　　flour n.[u] a powder made from wheat and used to make bread and cakes 面粉（或其他谷物磨成的粉）

　　Flour is used in making breads and cakes. 面粉用來做面包或糕餅。

　　axe n. 斧子

　　nail n. the hard substance at the end of a finger or toe 指甲；趾甲

　　Our fingernails need cutting now and again. 我們的手指甲有時(shí)需要剪一剪。

　　n. small piece of metal with one pointed end, which you hit into wood to fasten things together 釘子

　　The nail went right through the wall. 釘子直接穿過墻壁。

　　razor n. a sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or removing other body hair 剃刀；刮胡刀

　　bedding n. bedclothes 寢具；床上用品

　　beyond prep. on the further or other side of 在較遠(yuǎn)的一邊；在另一邊

　　The post office is beyond the bridge. 郵局在橋的那一頭。

　　prep. (of time)later than; more advanced than（時(shí)間）晚于；超過

　　Some shops keep open beyond midnight. 有些商店?duì)I業(yè)到半夜以后。

　　prep. out of the reach of; outside ones understanding 為不能及；超出理解力之外

　　He was beyond the help of the teacher. 他使老師束手無策。

　　prep. (negative and interrogative) except 除之外

　　I know nothing beyond this. 除這之外，我什么也不知道。

　　adv. farther away 在遠(yuǎn)處

　　look beyond 向遠(yuǎn)處看

　　the Rocky Mountains 落基山脈

　　wagon n.[c] cart on four wheels, which a horse or an ox pulls; an open railway freight car 四輪馬車（牛車）；無篷鐵路貨車

　　The wagon was full of vegetables. 這輛運(yùn)貨馬車裝滿了蔬菜。

　　leave behind cause to remain behind; forget to take or bring along; abandon in a retreat 留下；忘帶

　　She left her bag behind in the train. 她把提包丟在列車上了。

　　ox n. (pl. oxen) bull used for farm work公牛；耕牛

　　He is as strong as an ox. 他像牛一樣強(qiáng)壯。

　　Kansas n. 堪薩斯州(美國(guó)洲名)

　　frontier n.[c] the border, the line between two countries國(guó)境；邊境

　　We must show our passports at the frontier. 在邊境我們必須出示護(hù)照。

　　lose ones way become lost 迷路；迷失

　　Lily lost her way in the woods. 莉莉在森林里迷了路。

　　barren adj. lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation 不毛的；貧瘠的

　　The desert is barren land. 沙漠是貧瘠的土地。

　　salty adj. tasting of salt; containing salt 鹽的；咸的；含鹽的

　　Sea water is salty. 海水是咸的。

　　pond n. a body of still water smaller than a lake池塘

　　There is a flock of waterfowls on the pond. 池塘上有一群水鳥。

　　patch n. small piece of ground 小塊地

　　They grow their own vegetables on a small patch of ground. 他們?cè)谝恍K土地上自種蔬菜。

　　n. pieces of cloth that you put over a hole in clothing, sheets, etc. 補(bǔ)釘

　　I sewed a patch over the hole in my jeans. 我給我工裝褲上的洞打了個(gè)補(bǔ)釘。

　　burden n. something that you carry; a heavy load 負(fù)擔(dān)；包袱

　　It is a burden to the people. 這對(duì)人民是一種負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　n. a duty which is hard to do well 責(zé)任

　　The burden fell on me. 責(zé)任落在我身上。

　　desperate adj. having no hope and ready to do any wild or dangerous thing 絕望的；不顧一切的

　　The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape. 那些囚犯拼命企圖逃亡。

　　adj. very serious 極嚴(yán)重的；危急的

　　The country is in a desperate state and we must work hard.

　　國(guó)家處于危急關(guān)頭，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)努力工作。

　　beast n. an animal （四足）獸；牲畜

　　The tiger is a beast of prey. 老虎是食肉獸。

　　accustomed adj. being in the habit of 習(xí)慣[于]的[to]

　　I am not accustomed to walking long distances. 我不習(xí)慣于長(zhǎng)距離的步行。

　　thirst n.[u] wanting to drink something; a strong desire 渴；渴望

　　I drank a cup of tea to relieve my thirst. 我喝了一杯茶止渴。

　　The artist thirsted for fame. 藝術(shù)家想出名。

　　starvation n. suffering or death caused by extreme hunger 挨餓；餓死

　　The cat died of starvation. 那只貓餓死了。

　　anxiety n.[c] worry and fear 憂慮；擔(dān)心；焦急

　　We waited with anxiety for our examination results. 我們焦急地等待考試結(jié)果。

　　n.[c] something that makes you worried and afraid 擔(dān)心的事；焦慮

　　He has been relieved of his anxieties. 他已消除了憂慮。

　　shallow adj. not deep; with not much water 淺的

　　The river is shallow here; we can walk across. 這里河水很淺，我們可以趟過去。

　　came to an end stop結(jié)束；終止

　　All good things must come to an end. 一切好事遲早都會(huì)結(jié)束。（天下沒有不散的宴席。）

　　legendary adj. based on, or of the nature of a legend 傳奇的；傳說的

　　tax n. money that the government takes from your pay or from the sale of some goods 稅

　　There is a large tax on cigarettes. 香煙的稅很重。

　　anniversary n. the annually recurring date of a past event, especially one of historical, national, or personal importance 周年紀(jì)念；周年紀(jì)念日

　　Anchorage n. 安克雷奇（美國(guó)港市）

　　Nome [nEum] n. 諾姆（美國(guó)城市）

　　front-page [.frQnt `peidV] adj. worthy of coverage on the front page of a newspaper 頭版的

　　front-page news 頭版資訊

　　granddaughter n.[c] the daughter of your child孫女；外孫女

　　flu n. influenza 流行性感冒

　　He caught the flu. 他患了流行性感冒。

　　throat n. the front part of the neck 喉嚨；咽喉

　　I have something stuck in my throat. 我有什么東西刺入了我的喉內(nèi)。

　　diphtheria n.［醫(yī)］白喉［癥］

　　vaccine n. 痘苗；疫苗

　　catastrophe n. terrible thing that happens suddenly 大災(zāi)難；大禍

　　The forest fire was a catastrophe. 那場(chǎng)森林火災(zāi)是場(chǎng)大災(zāi)難。

　　relief n. the removal or ease of worry, pain ,etc. 解除；減輕

　　The medicine brought me relief. 這藥減輕了我的痛苦。

　　n. help given to people in poverty of trouble 救濟(jì)

　　They are in need of relief. 他們需要救濟(jì)。

　　deliver vt. take something to the place where it must go 投遞；送交

　　Every day the milkman delivers milk to our house. 每天送牛奶的人都把牛奶送到我家。

　　vt. give forth in words 發(fā)言

　　He delivered a speech at the meeting. 他在會(huì)上講了話。

　　vt. to help in the birth of 接生

　　she delivered the child. 她接生了這孩子。

　　Nenana [ni`nB:nB:] n. 美國(guó)城市

　　Arctic adj. of the north polar regions 北極的

　　n. the regions round the north pole 北極；北極圈；北極地方

　　the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 the Arctic Regions 北極地區(qū)

　　tough adj. able to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking; strong and resilient 堅(jiān)韌的 demanding or troubling; difficult 困難的 physically hardy; rugged 強(qiáng)壯的

　　(tougher; toughest)

　　wrap vt. to cover completely with 包裹；纏繞

　　I wrapped the present in red paper. 我把禮物用紅紙包了起來。

　　n.[c] an article of dress to be folded round a person 披在身上的衣物

　　Dont forget your wraps, when you travel in winter. 冬天旅游時(shí)，不要忘帶外套、圍巾等。

　　quilt n. a bed cover made of two pieces of cloth with wool or feathers between, sewn across many times so as to be kept in place 棉被

　　It is a quilt. 那是一床棉被。

　　tie up put a piece of string, rope, etc. round something to hold it firm 捆；拴；系

　　I tied up the parcel. 我捆好包裹。

　　stake n.[c] strong post of wood or metal that stands in the ground 樁；柱樁

　　The farmer tied the bull to a stake in the field. 農(nóng)民把公牛拴在田里的樁子上。

　　at stake at risk; in question 在危急之中

　　ray n. line or beam of light, heat, etc. 光線；輻射線

　　A ray of sunlight fell on the sleeping boy. 陽(yáng)光照射著睡著的男孩。

　　bark n. the short, sharp sound a dog makes; a sound like this, esp. a cough 吠聲；似犬吠的聲音

　　The bark of a dog sounded in the night. 在夜間聽到狗叫聲。

　　sculpture n. the art of making beautiful shapes in stone or wood; the shape which is made 雕刻；雕塑

　　I am studying painting and sculpture at an art school. 我在美術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)繪畫和雕刻。

　　memorial n.[c] building or statue to remind people of someone or something

　　紀(jì)念館；紀(jì)念碑（物）

　　It is a memorial to the martyrs. 這是烈士紀(jì)念碑。

　　retell vt. tell again; repeat 重述；復(fù)述

　　Retell what happened on the island one early morning in autumn.

　　復(fù)述一個(gè)秋天的清晨在那個(gè)島上發(fā)生了什么。

　　go for to put a lot of effort into sth, so that you get or achieve sth. 為去；努力獲取

　　It sounds a great idea. Go for it. 這聽起來是個(gè)極好的主意。努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)吧！

　　Words and expressions

　　perseverance n. steady persistence in adhering to a course of action, a belief, or a purpose; steadfastness 毅力；堅(jiān)持

　　Great works are performed, not by strength, but perseverance.

　　偉大的作品不是靠力量而是靠毅力來完成的。

　　quit vt. to give up; abandon 放棄

　　He has not quit smoking, but is holding down to three cigarettes a day.

　　他并沒有戒煙,但是已減到每天只抽三支煙了。

　　vt. to depart from; leave 離開

　　You and I are on the point of quitting the theater of our exploits.

　　你我正在離開我們輝煌業(yè)績(jī)的舞臺(tái)。

　　vt. to cease or discontinue 停止；中斷：

　　The teacher asked them to quit talking. 老師要求他們不要說話。

　　apply () to put into practice 應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用

　　We should apply theory to practice. 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把理論運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去。

　　add up find the total of 總計(jì)；加起來

　　Add up 6,7 and 8 and youll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，總數(shù)是二十一。

　　circumstance n. a condition or fact attending an event and having some bearing on it 環(huán)境；情況(常用復(fù)數(shù)形式)

　　It depends on [upon] circumstances. 這要視情況而定。

　　lose heart become discouraged 沮喪；灰心

　　Dont lose heart at any failure, but try again. 失敗時(shí)不要灰心，要再接再厲。

　　assessment n. the act of assessing; appraisal 評(píng)估；估價(jià)

　　environmental assessment 環(huán)境影響評(píng)估

　　take it easy 放松些；別緊張

　　When the teacher found some of his students get nervous at the examination, he told them to take it easy. 老師發(fā)現(xiàn)一些學(xué)生考慮時(shí)焦急不安，就叫他們不要緊張。

　　keep up retain(ones spirits, strength, etc); (ones spirits, strength, etc.)not decline 維持；保持

　　The mountaineers spirits kept up against heavy odds.

　　在非常不利的條件下，登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員們?nèi)匀磺榫w高漲。

　　Robinson Crusoe n. 魯濱遜克魯索

　　common sense natural good thinking 常識(shí)；情理

　　Although shes not very clever shes got lots of common sense. 她雖然不很聰明，但很有見識(shí)。

　　survival n. the act of surviving; continuance of life 幸存；存活

　　He stayed eight days in an open boat with no food, and he was still alive; his survival was a miracle. 他在無遮檔的小船上呆了八天，又無食物，還活下來了，這真是個(gè)奇跡。

　　biscuit n. a small cake of shortened bread leavened with baking powder or soda餅干；小點(diǎn)心

　　alcohol n. a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid; intoxicating liquor containing alcohol 酒精；含酒精的飲料

　　goat n. a sort of hollow-horned, bearded ruminant mammals of mountainous regions山羊

　　On the ground lay an old sick goat. 地上躺著一只生病的老山羊。

　　flour n.[u] a powder made from wheat and used to make bread and cakes 面粉（或其他谷物磨成的粉）

　　Flour is used in making breads and cakes. 面粉用來做面包或糕餅。

　　axe n. 斧子

　　nail n. the hard substance at the end of a finger or toe 指甲；趾甲

　　Our fingernails need cutting now and again. 我們的手指甲有時(shí)需要剪一剪。

　　n. small piece of metal with one pointed end, which you hit into wood to fasten things together 釘子

　　The nail went right through the wall. 釘子直接穿過墻壁。

　　razor n. a sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or removing other body hair 剃刀；刮胡刀

　　bedding n. bedclothes 寢具；床上用品

　　beyond prep. on the further or other side of 在較遠(yuǎn)的一邊；在另一邊

　　The post office is beyond the bridge. 郵局在橋的那一頭。

　　prep. (of time)later than; more advanced than（時(shí)間）晚于；超過

　　Some shops keep open beyond midnight. 有些商店?duì)I業(yè)到半夜以后。

　　prep. out of the reach of; outside ones understanding 為不能及；超出理解力之外

　　He was beyond the help of the teacher. 他使老師束手無策。

　　prep. (negative and interrogative) except 除之外

　　I know nothing beyond this. 除這之外，我什么也不知道。

　　adv. farther away 在遠(yuǎn)處

　　look beyond 向遠(yuǎn)處看

　　the Rocky Mountains 落基山脈

　　wagon n.[c] cart on four wheels, which a horse or an ox pulls; an open railway freight car 四輪馬車（牛車）；無篷鐵路貨車

　　The wagon was full of vegetables. 這輛運(yùn)貨馬車裝滿了蔬菜。

　　leave behind cause to remain behind; forget to take or bring along; abandon in a retreat 留下；忘帶

　　She left her bag behind in the train. 她把提包丟在列車上了。

　　ox n. (pl. oxen) bull used for farm work公牛；耕牛

　　He is as strong as an ox. 他像牛一樣強(qiáng)壯。

　　Kansas n. 堪薩斯州(美國(guó)洲名)

　　frontier n.[c] the border, the line between two countries國(guó)境；邊境

　　We must show our passports at the frontier. 在邊境我們必須出示護(hù)照。

　　lose ones way become lost 迷路；迷失

　　Lily lost her way in the woods. 莉莉在森林里迷了路。

　　barren adj. lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation 不毛的；貧瘠的

　　The desert is barren land. 沙漠是貧瘠的土地。

　　salty adj. tasting of salt; containing salt 鹽的；咸的；含鹽的

　　Sea water is salty. 海水是咸的。

　　pond n. a body of still water smaller than a lake池塘

　　There is a flock of waterfowls on the pond. 池塘上有一群水鳥。

　　patch n. small piece of ground 小塊地

　　They grow their own vegetables on a small patch of ground. 他們?cè)谝恍K土地上自種蔬菜。

　　n. pieces of cloth that you put over a hole in clothing, sheets, etc. 補(bǔ)釘

　　I sewed a patch over the hole in my jeans. 我給我工裝褲上的洞打了個(gè)補(bǔ)釘。

　　burden n. something that you carry; a heavy load 負(fù)擔(dān)；包袱

　　It is a burden to the people. 這對(duì)人民是一種負(fù)擔(dān)。

　　n. a duty which is hard to do well 責(zé)任

　　The burden fell on me. 責(zé)任落在我身上。

　　desperate adj. having no hope and ready to do any wild or dangerous thing 絕望的；不顧一切的

　　The prisoners became desperate in their attempts to escape. 那些囚犯拼命企圖逃亡。

　　adj. very serious 極嚴(yán)重的；危急的

　　The country is in a desperate state and we must work hard.

　　國(guó)家處于危急關(guān)頭，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)努力工作。

　　beast n. an animal （四足）獸；牲畜

　　The tiger is a beast of prey. 老虎是食肉獸。

　　accustomed adj. being in the habit of 習(xí)慣[于]的[to]

　　I am not accustomed to walking long distances. 我不習(xí)慣于長(zhǎng)距離的步行。

　　thirst n.[u] wanting to drink something; a strong desire 渴；渴望

　　I drank a cup of tea to relieve my thirst. 我喝了一杯茶止渴。

　　The artist thirsted for fame. 藝術(shù)家想出名。

　　starvation n. suffering or death caused by extreme hunger 挨餓；餓死

　　The cat died of starvation. 那只貓餓死了。

　　anxiety n.[c] worry and fear 憂慮；擔(dān)心；焦急

　　We waited with anxiety for our examination results. 我們焦急地等待考試結(jié)果。

　　n.[c] something that makes you worried and afraid 擔(dān)心的事；焦慮

　　He has been relieved of his anxieties. 他已消除了憂慮。

　　shallow adj. not deep; with not much water 淺的

　　The river is shallow here; we can walk across. 這里河水很淺，我們可以趟過去。

　　came to an end stop結(jié)束；終止

　　All good things must come to an end. 一切好事遲早都會(huì)結(jié)束。（天下沒有不散的宴席。）

　　legendary adj. based on, or of the nature of a legend 傳奇的；傳說的

　　tax n. money that the government takes from your pay or from the sale of some goods 稅

　　There is a large tax on cigarettes. 香煙的稅很重。

　　anniversary n. the annually recurring date of a past event, especially one of historical, national, or personal importance 周年紀(jì)念；周年紀(jì)念日

　　Anchorage n. 安克雷奇（美國(guó)港市）

　　Nome [nEum] n. 諾姆（美國(guó)城市）

　　front-page [.frQnt `peidV] adj. worthy of coverage on the front page of a newspaper 頭版的

　　front-page news 頭版資訊

　　granddaughter n.[c] the daughter of your child孫女；外孫女

　　flu n. influenza 流行性感冒

　　He caught the flu. 他患了流行性感冒。

　　throat n. the front part of the neck 喉嚨；咽喉

　　I have something stuck in my throat. 我有什么東西刺入了我的喉內(nèi)。

　　diphtheria n.［醫(yī)］白喉［癥］

　　vaccine n. 痘苗；疫苗

　　catastrophe n. terrible thing that happens suddenly 大災(zāi)難；大禍

　　The forest fire was a catastrophe. 那場(chǎng)森林火災(zāi)是場(chǎng)大災(zāi)難。

　　relief n. the removal or ease of worry, pain ,etc. 解除；減輕

　　The medicine brought me relief. 這藥減輕了我的痛苦。

　　n. help given to people in poverty of trouble 救濟(jì)

　　They are in need of relief. 他們需要救濟(jì)。

　　deliver vt. take something to the place where it must go 投遞；送交

　　Every day the milkman delivers milk to our house. 每天送牛奶的人都把牛奶送到我家。

　　vt. give forth in words 發(fā)言

　　He delivered a speech at the meeting. 他在會(huì)上講了話。

　　vt. to help in the birth of 接生

　　she delivered the child. 她接生了這孩子。

　　Nenana [ni`nB:nB:] n. 美國(guó)城市

　　Arctic adj. of the north polar regions 北極的

　　n. the regions round the north pole 北極；北極圈；北極地方

　　the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 the Arctic Regions 北極地區(qū)

　　tough adj. able to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking; strong and resilient 堅(jiān)韌的 demanding or troubling; difficult 困難的 physically hardy; rugged 強(qiáng)壯的

　　(tougher; toughest)

　　wrap vt. to cover completely with 包裹；纏繞

　　I wrapped the present in red paper. 我把禮物用紅紙包了起來。

　　n.[c] an article of dress to be folded round a person 披在身上的衣物

　　Dont forget your wraps, when you travel in winter. 冬天旅游時(shí)，不要忘帶外套、圍巾等。

　　quilt n. a bed cover made of two pieces of cloth with wool or feathers between, sewn across many times so as to be kept in place 棉被

　　It is a quilt. 那是一床棉被。

　　tie up put a piece of string, rope, etc. round something to hold it firm 捆；拴；系

　　I tied up the parcel. 我捆好包裹。

　　stake n.[c] strong post of wood or metal that stands in the ground 樁；柱樁

　　The farmer tied the bull to a stake in the field. 農(nóng)民把公牛拴在田里的樁子上。

　　at stake at risk; in question 在危急之中

　　ray n. line or beam of light, heat, etc. 光線；輻射線

　　A ray of sunlight fell on the sleeping boy. 陽(yáng)光照射著睡著的男孩。

　　bark n. the short, sharp sound a dog makes; a sound like this, esp. a cough 吠聲；似犬吠的聲音

　　The bark of a dog sounded in the night. 在夜間聽到狗叫聲。

　　sculpture n. the art of making beautiful shapes in stone or wood; the shape which is made 雕刻；雕塑

　　I am studying painting and sculpture at an art school. 我在美術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)繪畫和雕刻。

　　memorial n.[c] building or statue to remind people of someone or something

　　紀(jì)念館；紀(jì)念碑（物）

　　It is a memorial to the martyrs. 這是烈士紀(jì)念碑。

　　retell vt. tell again; repeat 重述；復(fù)述

　　Retell what happened on the island one early morning in autumn.

　　復(fù)述一個(gè)秋天的清晨在那個(gè)島上發(fā)生了什么。

　　go for to put a lot of effort into sth, so that you get or achieve sth. 為去；努力獲取

　　It sounds a great idea. Go for it. 這聽起來是個(gè)極好的主意。努力去實(shí)現(xiàn)吧！