詞法

　　一.概念:

　　主謂一致是指：

　　1） 2）

　　3）

　　一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　　There is much water in the thermos.

　　但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

　　二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

　　1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

　　Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。

　　注意：當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如：

　　The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。

　　The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

　　A. isB. was　 C. are　 D. were

　　B. 注： 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，先排除A.，C。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別，monitor 前沒有the，在英語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選B。

　　1)當(dāng)there be

　　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。

　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩，二十三個(gè)女孩。

　　2）當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor，連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如：

　　Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。

　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。

　　當(dāng)主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如：

　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。

　　He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。

　　謂語需用單數(shù)5.指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)

　　1）代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：

　　All is right.　一切順利。

　　All are present.　人都到齊了。

　　2）集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如：

　　His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。

　　His family are music lovers.　他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。

　　但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎？

　　3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority

　　A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

　　The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

　　A number of books have lent out.

　　The majority of the students like English.

　　6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況

　　1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：

　　Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。

　　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

　　2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of

　　A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。

　　A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。

　　3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of

　　Many a person has read the novel.　許多人讀過這本書。

　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個(gè)城市。

　　1. The number of people invited

　　______

　　fifty, but a number of them

　　_______

　　absent for different reasons.

　　A. were,

　　was

　　B. was, was

　　C. was,

　　were

　　D. were, were

　　（

　　） 2. E-mail, as well as telephones,

　　________ an important part in daily communication.

　　A. is playing

　　B. have played

　　C. are playing

　　D. play

　　（

　　） 3. ______

　　of the land in that district

　　______

　　covered with trees and grass.

　　A. Two fifth,

　　is

　　B. Two fifth,

　　are

　　C. Two fifths,

　　is

　　D. Two fifths,

　　are

　　（

　　） 4. license.

　　A. has

　　B. have

　　C. is having

　　D. are having’

　　（

　　） 6. Joy and Sorrow

　　_____

　　next-door neighbours.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. were

　　D. be

　　（

　　）7. In my opinion, some of the news

　　_____

　　unbelievable.

　　A. are

　　B. is

　　C. has been

　　D. have been

　　（

　　）8. When

　　______

　　the United Nations founded?

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　（

　　）9. Every possible means

　　_____

　　.

　　A. has tried

　　B. has been tried

　　C. was tried

　　D. were tried

　　（

　　） 10. What she says and does

　　_____

　　nothing to do with me.

　　A. was

　　B. were

　　C. has

　　D. have

　　（

　　）11. There

　　_____

　　a dictionary and several books on the desk.

　　A. are

　　B. must

　　C. have been

　　D. is

　　（

　　）12. Nobody

　　______

　　seen the film.

　　It’s a pity.

　　A. but Tom and Jack have

　　B. except Tom and Jack have

　　C. but my friends has

　　D. but I have

　　（

　　）13. No teacher and no student

　　______．

　　A. are admitted

　　B. is admitted

　　C. are admitting

　　D. is admitting

　　（

　　）14. All but one

　　______ here just now.

　　A. is

　　B. was

　　C. has been

　　D. were

　　（

　　）15. When and where to build the new factory

　　_____

　　yet.

　　A. is not decided

　　B. are not decided

　　C. has not decided

　　D. have not decided

　　（

　　） 16. The writer and singer

　　______

　　here.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. were

　　D. do

　　（

　　） 17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes

　　_____ all that I can spare to talk with you.

　　A. are

　　B. was

　　C. is

　　D. were

　　（

　　） 18.

　　In those days John with his classmates

　　_____

　　kept busy preparing for the exam.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　（

　　） 19. —— ____

　　your clothes?

　　——No,

　　mine

　　_____ hanging over there.

　　A. Is it, is

　　B. Are these, are

　　C. Is it, are

　　D. Are these, is

　　（

　　） 20. The Smith’s family, which

　　____

　　rather a large one,

　　____ very fond of their old houses.

　　A. were, were

　　B. was, was

　　C. were, was

　　D. was, were

　　（

　　） 21. What the teacher and the students want to say

　　_____ that either of the countries

　　____ beautiful.

　　A. are,

　　are

　　B. is, is

　　C. are, is

　　D. is, are

　　（

　　） 22. He is the only one of the students who

　　_____ a winner of scholarship for three years.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. have been

　　D. has been

　　（

　　） 23. _____

　　of my brothers are reporters.

　　Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings

　　______

　　their duty.

　　A. Each, are

　　B. Both, is

　　C. Neither, are

　　D. None, is

　　（

　　） 24. —— What do you think of the ______ of the coat?

　　—— It’s rather high.

　　You can buy a cheaper one in that shop.

　　A. value

　　B. cost

　　C. price

　　D. use

　　（

　　） 25. —— Are the two answers correct?

　　—— No,

　　______

　　correct.

　　A. no one is

　　B. both are not

　　C. neither is

　　D. either is not

　　（

　　） 26. The wind, together with rain and fog,

　　_____

　　making sailing difficult.

　　A. have been

　　B. was

　　C. /

　　D/ are

　　詞法

　　一.概念:

　　主謂一致是指：

　　1） 2）

　　3）

　　一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

　　There is much water in the thermos.

　　但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

　　二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

　　1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：

　　Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。

　　注意：當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如：

　　The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。

　　The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

　　A. isB. was　 C. are　 D. were

　　B. 注： 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，先排除A.，C。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別，monitor 前沒有the，在英語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選B。

　　1)當(dāng)there be

　　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。

　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩，二十三個(gè)女孩。

　　2）當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor，連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如：

　　Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。

　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。

　　當(dāng)主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如：

　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。

　　He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。

　　謂語需用單數(shù)5.指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)

　　1）代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：

　　All is right.　一切順利。

　　All are present.　人都到齊了。

　　2）集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如：

　　His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。

　　His family are music lovers.　他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。

　　但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：

　　Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎？

　　3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority

　　A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

　　The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

　　A number of books have lent out.

　　The majority of the students like English.

　　6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況

　　1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：

　　Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。

　　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

　　2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of

　　A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。

　　A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。

　　3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of

　　Many a person has read the novel.　許多人讀過這本書。

　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個(gè)城市。

　　1. The number of people invited

　　______

　　fifty, but a number of them

　　_______

　　absent for different reasons.

　　A. were,

　　was

　　B. was, was

　　C. was,

　　were

　　D. were, were

　　（

　　） 2. E-mail, as well as telephones,

　　________ an important part in daily communication.

　　A. is playing

　　B. have played

　　C. are playing

　　D. play

　　（

　　） 3. ______

　　of the land in that district

　　______

　　covered with trees and grass.

　　A. Two fifth,

　　is

　　B. Two fifth,

　　are

　　C. Two fifths,

　　is

　　D. Two fifths,

　　are

　　（

　　） 4. license.

　　A. has

　　B. have

　　C. is having

　　D. are having’

　　（

　　） 6. Joy and Sorrow

　　_____

　　next-door neighbours.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. were

　　D. be

　　（

　　）7. In my opinion, some of the news

　　_____

　　unbelievable.

　　A. are

　　B. is

　　C. has been

　　D. have been

　　（

　　）8. When

　　______

　　the United Nations founded?

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　（

　　）9. Every possible means

　　_____

　　.

　　A. has tried

　　B. has been tried

　　C. was tried

　　D. were tried

　　（

　　） 10. What she says and does

　　_____

　　nothing to do with me.

　　A. was

　　B. were

　　C. has

　　D. have

　　（

　　）11. There

　　_____

　　a dictionary and several books on the desk.

　　A. are

　　B. must

　　C. have been

　　D. is

　　（

　　）12. Nobody

　　______

　　seen the film.

　　It’s a pity.

　　A. but Tom and Jack have

　　B. except Tom and Jack have

　　C. but my friends has

　　D. but I have

　　（

　　）13. No teacher and no student

　　______．

　　A. are admitted

　　B. is admitted

　　C. are admitting

　　D. is admitting

　　（

　　）14. All but one

　　______ here just now.

　　A. is

　　B. was

　　C. has been

　　D. were

　　（

　　）15. When and where to build the new factory

　　_____

　　yet.

　　A. is not decided

　　B. are not decided

　　C. has not decided

　　D. have not decided

　　（

　　） 16. The writer and singer

　　______

　　here.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. were

　　D. do

　　（

　　） 17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes

　　_____ all that I can spare to talk with you.

　　A. are

　　B. was

　　C. is

　　D. were

　　（

　　） 18.

　　In those days John with his classmates

　　_____

　　kept busy preparing for the exam.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　（

　　） 19. —— ____

　　your clothes?

　　——No,

　　mine

　　_____ hanging over there.

　　A. Is it, is

　　B. Are these, are

　　C. Is it, are

　　D. Are these, is

　　（

　　） 20. The Smith’s family, which

　　____

　　rather a large one,

　　____ very fond of their old houses.

　　A. were, were

　　B. was, was

　　C. were, was

　　D. was, were

　　（

　　） 21. What the teacher and the students want to say

　　_____ that either of the countries

　　____ beautiful.

　　A. are,

　　are

　　B. is, is

　　C. are, is

　　D. is, are

　　（

　　） 22. He is the only one of the students who

　　_____ a winner of scholarship for three years.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. have been

　　D. has been

　　（

　　） 23. _____

　　of my brothers are reporters.

　　Covering events, meetings, or sports meetings

　　______

　　their duty.

　　A. Each, are

　　B. Both, is

　　C. Neither, are

　　D. None, is

　　（

　　） 24. —— What do you think of the ______ of the coat?

　　—— It’s rather high.

　　You can buy a cheaper one in that shop.

　　A. value

　　B. cost

　　C. price

　　D. use

　　（

　　） 25. —— Are the two answers correct?

　　—— No,

　　______

　　correct.

　　A. no one is

　　B. both are not

　　C. neither is

　　D. either is not

　　（

　　） 26. The wind, together with rain and fog,

　　_____

　　making sailing difficult.

　　A. have been

　　B. was

　　C. /

　　D/ are