語法專題十二　形容詞和副詞

　　形容詞用來修飾名詞，常放在名詞前作定語，或者放在系動詞后面作表語。而副詞則用來修飾形容詞、動詞、其他副詞或者整個句子，其位置比較靈活。高考經(jīng)常考查形容詞和副詞的辨析，以及副詞短語的辨析。

　　考點一　形容詞作定語的排列順序

　　幾個并列的形容詞作定語，其語序通常為：限定語（a，the，these）＋數(shù)量形容詞（two，three）＋描繪性形容詞（beautiful）＋大小、長短、高低等形體性形容詞（large，long，high）＋新舊或年齡（old）＋顏色（red）＋國籍（Chinese）＋材料（wool，steel）＋目的或用途＋名詞。

　　an old brown woolen carpet 一件舊的棕色羊毛地毯

　　考點二　倍數(shù)表達法

　　1．A is＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋B

　　2．A is＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級＋as＋B

　　3．A is＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞（size，length，height 等）＋of＋B

　　4．A is＋倍數(shù)＋that＋of＋B

　　5．A is＋倍數(shù)＋what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

　　This building is three times higher than that one.

　　This building is three times as high as that one.

　　This building is three times the height of that one.

　　這個建筑物是那個建筑物的三倍高。

　　The output of this year is 3 times that of 2024.

　　＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2024.今年的產(chǎn)量是2024年的三倍。

　　考點三　形容詞、副詞的比較級

　　1．“as＋形容詞＋（a/an）＋名詞＋as”表示同級比較，注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時各自所在的位置。

　　It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

　　人們普遍認為教學(xué)既是一門科學(xué)，也是一門藝術(shù)。

　　2．“as＋形容詞/副詞的原級＋as”與“not as/so＋形容詞/副詞的原級＋as”表示同級比較，即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同（不同）。

　　The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

　　這工作沒有你想象的那么難。

　　3．“the＋比較級＋of the two＋名詞”表示“兩者中較……的那個”。

　　The taller of the two boys is my cousin.

　　兩個男孩中個子高的那個是我表哥。

　　4．a(chǎn)＋形容詞比較級＋名詞表示“一個更……的……”。

　　If you study hard，you are sure to have a better future.

　　如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你一定會有個更好的未來。

　　5．比較級的修飾語常見的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any（用于否定句或疑問句），a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。by far用于比較級時，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。

　　He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

　　他目前是兩兄弟中較高的。

　　6．表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時，用“the＋比較級（主語＋謂語），the＋比較級（主語＋謂語）”的結(jié)構(gòu)（意為“越……越……”）。

　　The more we do for the people，the happier we'll be.

　　我們?yōu)槿嗣褡龅迷蕉啵驮叫腋！?/p>

　　7．不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時，用“比較級＋and＋比較級”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“越來越……”。

　　The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

　　那個女孩變得越來越漂亮。

　　8．no＋比較級＋than表示“和……一樣不”。

　　He is no taller than his brother.

　　他和他哥哥一樣矮。

　　9．more...than...表示一個人兩種品質(zhì)的比較，意為“與其……倒不如……”。

　　He is more shy than unfriendly.

　　與其說他不友善，還不如說他靦腆。

　　考點四　形容詞與副詞的最高級

　　1．最高級的修飾語常見的有：序數(shù)詞，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite等。

　　The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

　　正在修建的那座橋是目前橫跨黃河的最長的橋。

　　2．否定詞＋比較級＝最高級。

　　I have never seen a better film.

　　我從未看過更精彩的電影。（這是我看過的最精彩的）

　　3．“比較級＋than any other＋單數(shù)名詞”表示最高級意義，意思為“比其他任何……都……”。

　　He is taller than any other boy in his class.

　　他比他班里其他男孩都高。

　　考點五　常用as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)的詞組

　　1．a(chǎn)s long as 只要；有……之久

　　I will work as long as I live.只要活著，我就要工作。

　　2．a(chǎn)s far as 到……地點；就……而言

　　As far as I know，he is reliable.

　　就我所知，他是一個可靠的人。

　　3．a(chǎn)s high as 高達……

　　The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400.

　　在那個國家里一天的平均住院費用可高達400美元。

　　4．a(chǎn)s soon as 一……就

　　I will call you up as soon as I get there.

　　我一到那里就給你打電話。

　　5．a(chǎn)s well as 既……又；和……一樣好

　　He who plays the piano as well as his father has experience as well as knowledge.

　　他彈鋼琴與他父親一樣好，既有知識又有經(jīng)驗。

　　6．a(chǎn)s good as 與……一樣；幾乎；簡直；和……一樣好

　　He is as good as dead.他如同死了一般。

　　考點六　兼有兩種形式的副詞

　　其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容詞后加后綴-ly。這兩種形式的副詞表示的意義不同。常見的有：

　　close接近（指距離）——closely仔細地，密切地

　　free免費——freely自由地，自如地

　　deep深——deeply深刻地，深入地

　　hard努力地——hardly幾乎不

　　wide寬闊——widely廣泛地

　　high高——highly高度地

　　late晚、遲——lately近來

　　near鄰近——nearly幾乎

　　most最——mostly主要地；絕大多數(shù)地

　　pretty 相當?shù)亍猵rettily 優(yōu)美地

　　just 正好——justly 公正地

　　I can hardly believe that he doesn't work hard.

　　我?guī)缀醪荒芟嘈潘ぷ鞑慌Α?/p>

　　考點七　無比較意義的比較級句型歸納

　　1．no more than ＝only 只有，僅僅，只不過

　　There are no more than a hundred people in the hall.

　　大廳里只有100人。

　　2．not more than＝at the most 不超過，至多

　　There are not more than a hundred people in the hall.

　　大廳里至多100人。

　　3．no less than 多達，不少于

　　He walks no less than five miles to school.

　　他上學(xué)至少要走五英里。

　　4．less than 不到，不太，極不

　　Doctors have been less than successful in treating this disease.

　　醫(yī)生在治療這種病時極不成功。

　　5．more than 多于，超過（＝over，后接數(shù)詞）；不只是（＝not only，后接名詞、動詞或副詞）；非常，十分（＝very，后接形容詞、副詞、動詞或分詞）；難以，完全不能（用于more than...can...）

　　I am more than happy to meet you here.

　　在這遇見你我非常高興。

　　6．more or less（＝almost，nearly，about）基本上，差不多，大約

　　The work is more or less finished.

　　工作基本上完成了。

　　7．sooner or later 遲早，早晚，總有一天

　　You will succeed sooner or later.你總有一天會成功的。

　　8．what's more 而且，此外

　　I missed the bus and had to walk home.What's more，it was raining.

　　我錯過了公交車不得不走回家，而且天又下著雨。

　　9．no sooner...than...一……就……

　　No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.

　　他一到家，就開始下雨了。

　　1．（2024·課標全國高考）The result is not very important to us，but if we do win，then so much ______.

　　A．the best　 B．best　 C．better D．the better

　　2．（2024·課標全國高考）This restaurant wasn't______that other restaurant we went to.

　　A．half as good as

　　B．a(chǎn)s half good as

　　C．a(chǎn)s good as half

　　D．good as half as

　　3．（2024·全國高考Ⅱ）Next to biology，I like physics ______.

　　A．better

　　B．best

　　C．the better

　　D．very well

　　4．（2024·北京高考）Many people have donated that type of blood; however，the blood bank needs ______.

　　A．some

　　B．less

　　C．much

　　D．more

　　5．（2024·天津高考）The dog may be a good companion for the old.______，the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.

　　A．Besides

　　B．However

　　C．Therefore

　　D．Instead

　　6．（2024·天津高考）The secretary arranged a（n）______ time and place for the applicants to have an interview.

　　A．important

　　B．spare

　　C．public

　　D．convenient

　　7．（2024·安徽高考）Interest is as ______ to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.

　　A．vital

　　B．a(chǎn)vailable

　　C．specific

　　D．similar

　　8．（2024·安徽高考）Queen Elizabeth Ⅱis often thought to be the richest woman in the world.______，her personal wealth seems rather small.

　　A．Besides

　　B．Otherwise

　　C．However

　　D．Altogether

　　9．（2024·福建高考）Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be ______ respected.

　　A．especially

　　B．equally

　　C．naturally

　　D．normally

　　10．（2024·福建高考）—Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?

　　—Sorry.I returned it to the library just now.Maybe it is still ______.

　　A．a(chǎn)vailable

　　B．a(chǎn)ffordable

　　C．a(chǎn)cceptable

　　D．valuable

　　11．（2024·浙江高考）Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ______，he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.

　　A．a(chǎn)ll in all

　　B．for one thingC．on the contrary

　　D．by the way

　　12．（2024·湖北高考）“Perhaps we need to send for Dr.Smith to see what we can do about it，” Father suggested______ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.

　　A．tentatively

　　B．thoughtlessly

　　C．definitely

　　D．rudely

　　13．（2024·湖北高考）Can you tell the______difference between the words “require” and “request”？I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.

　　A．dramatic

　　B．regional

　　C．a(chǎn)pparent

　　D．subtle

　　14．（2024·湖北高考）Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained______；people are still looking for other possible solutions.

　　A．unchallenged

　　B．relevant

　　C．controversial

　　D．contradictory

　　15．（2024·湖南高考）Bicycling is good exercise; ______，it does not pollute the air.

　　A．nevertheless

　　B．besides

　　C．otherwise

　　D．therefore

　　16．（2024·遼寧高考）We used to see each other

　　______，but I haven't heard from him since last year.

　　A．especially

　　B．regularly

　　C．particularly

　　D．a(chǎn)pproximately

　　17．（2024·山東高考）Be ______—you can't expect me to finish all his work in so little time.

　　A．reasonable

　　B．confident

　　C．creative

　　D．grateful

　　18．（2024·四川高考）The hotel is almost finished，but it______needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.

　　A．only

　　B．a(chǎn)lso

　　C．even

　　D．still

　　19．（2024·四川高考）This training program can give you a lift at work，______increase your income by 40%.

　　A．a(chǎn)s well as

　　B．so long as

　　C．so much as

　　D．a(chǎn)s soon as

　　20．（2024·四川高考）I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won't make______difference to me.

　　A．that a big

　　B．a(chǎn) that big

　　C．big a that

　　D．that big a

　　21．（2024·浙江高考）The research lacks ______ evidence，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.

　　A．solid

　　B．fierceC．severe

　　D．potential

　　22．（2024·浙江高考）Mike was usually so careful，______this time he made a small mistake.

　　A．yet

　　B．still

　　C．even

　　D．thus

　　23．（2011·課標全國高考）The form cannot be signed by anyone ______ yourself.

　　A．rather than

　　B．other than

　　C．more than

　　D．better than

　　24．（2011·全國高考Ⅱ）It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is ______ another to play it well yourself.

　　A．quite

　　B．very

　　C．rather

　　D．much

　　25．（2011·全國高考Ⅱ）Mr.Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a ______ boss.

　　A．better

　　B．good

　　C．best

　　D．still better

　　26．（2010·上海高考）When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage，she wondered how they had managed with ______ money.

　　A．so few

　　B．such few

　　C．so little

　　D．such little

　　27．（2011·湖北高考）The old engineer's eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was ______，though slow.

　　A．shaky

　　B．heavy

　　C．casual

　　D．steady

　　28．（2011·湖北高考）An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person's character；however，they are not always ______.

　　A．practical

　　B．a(chǎn)voidable

　　C．permanent

　　D．beneficial

　　29．（2011·湖北高考）The state-run company is required to make its accounts as ______ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.